The provided text offers a comprehensive overview of programmable biology, highlighting the revolutionary shift from simple genetic editing to the engineering of complex biological systems. It primarily focuses on the CRISPR-dCas9 system as a foundational tool, explaining how its repurposed, non-cutting version allows for precise and reversible genetic programming, effectively functioning as "hardware" guided by "software" (gRNAs). The sources then detail the construction of cellular logic gates and circuits, culminating in the creation of a cellular Central Processing Unit (CPU) capable of performing complex computations within living cells. Finally, the text explores the significant applications of these "smart cells" in intelligent medicine, particularly in cancer therapy and enhancing immunotherapies like CAR-T cells, while also addressing the considerable challenges to clinical translation and the profound ethical considerations that arise from engineering autonomous biological systems.

Research done with the help of artificial intelligence, and presented by two AI-generated hosts.