In today's episode of Theories of Everything, Tyler Cowen proposes that tariffs erode economic efficiency, ultimately passing much of the burden onto smaller countries such as Canada. Moreover, he suggests that the rise of AI and evolving institutional structures demand both intellectual humility and stronger mentorship for a more resilient academic landscape.

As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe

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Links Mentioned:

- Tyler’s website: https://tylercowen.com/

- Tyler’s blog: https://marginalrevolution.com/

- Tyler’s podcast: https://conversationswithtyler.com/

- Talent: How to Identify Energizers, Creatives, and Winners Around the World (book): https://www.amazon.com/Talent-Identify-Energizers-Creatives-Winners/dp/1250275814

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Timestamps:

00:00 - Tariffs and Trade Policies

01:21 Economic Consequences of Tariffs

03:07 Canada as a 51st State?

04:00 Canada's Defense Spending Debate

05:41 Positive Aspects of Hostility

06:35 Transitioning to Theoretical Economics

08:07 The Role of Tenure

11:43 The Academy's Strengths

13:04 Problems in Academia

14:08 Understanding the Grant System

15:10 The Need for Grants

16:33 Is the Academic System Broken?

17:18 Improving the Academic System

17:47 The Role of AI in Academia

22:39 Exploring Deep Research

29:32 Writing as Thinking

31:53 Truth in Worldviews

33:22 Patchwork Theory of Reality

34:11 Economics and Theories of Everything

35:07 Disagreements Among Intelligent People

37:48 The Concept of Metarationality

45:10 Cultivating Metarationality

46:55 Distinction Between Stamina and Grit

49:03 Risk-Taking in Academia

51:28 Interviewing Style

56:28 The Value of Preparation

1:13:33 Critiquing Nassim Taleb

1:18:23 Public Debates vs. Private Discussions

1:20:46 Focus on Money

1:22:45 Healthy vs. Unhealthy Ambition

1:23:49 Complexity in Theories of Everything

1:24:39 The Importance of Mentoring

1:26:08 Current Projects and Interests

1:31:15 Advice for Students

1:32:39 The Future of Networking

1:32:53 Closing Thoughts and Reflections

--------------------

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#economy #science #technology #news #tariffs

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Welcome to the complete Iceberg of Consciousness.

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---------------------

LAYER 1

01:31 – Introduction to Layer 1

01:38 – What Is Consciousness?

04:20 – The Mind-Body Problem

06:02 – Sleep, Dreams, and Altered States

08:53 – Free Will vs. Determinism

10:58 – The Self and Identity

LAYER 2

12:56 – Introduction to Layer 2

13:02 – The Hard Problem of Consciousness

16:59 – Qualia and Phenomenal Consciousness

19:27 – Advaita Vedanta (Non-Dualism)

22:59 – John Vervaeke’s Relevance Realization

24:45 – Panpsychism and the Combination Problem

26:58 – Buddhist Consciousness (Yogācāra & Madhyamaka)

29:04 – Global Workspace Theory

31:59 – Carl Jung’s Explanation for Consciousness

LAYER 3

36:03 – Introduction to Layer 3

36:47 – Heidegger’s Concept of Dasein

39:28 – Attention Schema Theory (Michael Graziano)

42:53 – EM-Field Topology & Boundary Problem (Andrés Gómez Emilsson)

46:49 – Joscha Bach’s Theory

53:41 – Donald Hoffman’s Theory

57:47 – Nir Lahav’s Relativistic Consciousness

LAYER 4

01:05:46 – Introduction to Layer 4

01:06:25 – Douglas Hofstadter’s Strange Loops

01:11:50 – Penrose’s Quantum Consciousness

01:16:04 – Christopher Langan’s CTMU

01:20:31 – Johnjoe McFadden’s CEMI Field Theory

01:24:24 – David Chalmers’ Extended Mind Hypothesis

01:29:18 – Iain McGilchrist’s Relational Dual-Aspect Monism

LAYER 5

01:33:04 – Introduction to Layer 5

01:34:35 – Bernardo Kastrup’s Analytic Idealism

01:38:54 – Karl Friston’s Enactive Approach / Free Energy Principle

01:42:12 – Alfred North Whitehead’s Pan-Experientialism

01:46:56 – Mark Solms’ Felt Uncertainty & Affective Theory

01:51:20 – Thomas Metzinger’s Minimal Phenomenal Selfhood

---------------------

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#science #consciousness

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In this episode, Curt Jaimungal speaks with Jacob Barandes, a theoretical physicist from Harvard, about the complexities of quantum mechanics. They explore wave-particle duality, Jacob's reformulation of quantum theory through indivisible stochastic processes, and the historical perspectives of figures like Schrödinger and Einstein.

As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe

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Links Mentioned:

•⁠ ⁠Watch Part 1 of this conversation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaS1usLeXQM

•⁠ ⁠Jacob’s talks covering many of his points in this conversation: https://www.youtube.com/@JacobBarandesPhilOfPhysics

•⁠ ⁠Jacob’s first appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oWip00iXbo

•⁠ ⁠New Prospects for a Causally Local Formulation of Quantum Theory (Jacob’s paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.16935

•⁠ ⁠The Stochastic-Quantum Correspondence (Jacob’s paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.10778

•⁠ ⁠Schrodinger’s wave function paper (1926): https://github.com/yousbot/Quantum-Papers/blob/master/1926%20-%20E.%20Schrodinger%2C%20An%20Undulatory%20Theory%20of%20the%20Mechanics%20of%20Atoms%20and%20Molecules.pdf

•⁠ ⁠The Born-Einstein Letters (book): https://www.amazon.com/Born-Einstein-Letters-1916-1955-Friendship-Uncertain/dp/1403944962/

•⁠ ⁠Probability Relations Between Separated Systems (paper) : https://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/schrodinger/Schrodinger-1936.pdf

•⁠ ⁠John Bell on Bertlemann’s socks (paper): https://cds.cern.ch/record/142461/files/198009299.pdf

•⁠ ⁠John Bell on the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox (paper): https://journals.aps.org/ppf/pdf/10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195

•⁠ ⁠Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete’? (paper): https://journals.aps.org/pr/pdf/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777

•⁠ ⁠Causation as Folk Science (paper): https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/003004.pdf

Timestamps:

00:00 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

06:01 Wave-Particle Duality Explained

08:44 Distinctions Between Waves

10:36 Quantum Field Theory Insights

15:10 Research Directions in Quantum Physics

24:27 Challenges in Quantum Field Theory

31:38 Quantum Mechanics vs. General Relativity

35:47 Fluctuations in Spacetime

45:09 Probabilistic General Relativity

54:00 Bell's Theorem and Non-Locality

1:20:48 The Nature of Causation in Physics

1:23:52 Causation in Modern Science

1:30:26 Reichenbachian Factorization Debates

1:31:44 Bell's Theorem Evolution

1:35:45 Indivisible Stochastic Approach

1:38:17 Understanding Entanglement

1:42:28 Information and Black Holes

1:45:44 Phase Information Loss

1:49:03 Heisenberg and Copenhagen Interpretation

1:52:29 The Nature of Electrons

1:53:09 Exploring Open Research Questions

1:59:09 Probabilities in Statistical Mechanics

2:11:30 Problems with Many Worlds Interpretation

2:27:42 Challenges of Probability in Many Worlds

2:35:14 The Case for a New Interpretation

2:43:11 Building a Collaborative Reputation

Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal

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#science #quantummechanics #quantumphysics #physics

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Curt Jaimungal is joined by Michael Levin and Karl Friston. This conversation incorporates insights from physics and information theory, particularly regarding self-organization and the significance of entropy and free energy.

As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe

Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com

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Timestamps:

00:00 Introduction

3:43 The Free Energy Principle Explained

5:41 Creativity and Adaptive Utilization

11:56 In-Painting vs. Out-Painting

15:33 The Unreliable Medium of Biology

20:05 Aging: Noise or Psychological?

25:25 The Nature of Selfhood

45:10 Distinctions in Organic and Psychological Disease

48:54 Goal-Directed Systems and Aging

52:32 The Dynamics of Life and Death

55:49 Continuous Self in a Changing Form

1:01:35 The Constructive Nature of Science

1:08:02 Inferring Actions and Counterfactuals

1:11:40 Closing Thoughts and Future Conversations

Links Mentioned:

- Michael’s website: https://thoughtforms.life/

- Karl’s publications: https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/

- Michael’s previous appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aLhkm6QUgA

- Karl’s previous appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uk4NZorRjCo

- Michael on Anthrobots: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hG6GIzNM0aM

- Michael’s paper on stress sharing as cognitive glue for collective intelligences: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X2400932X?ref=pdf_download&fr=RR-2&rr=911840d57c51eace

- Karl and Michael with Chris Fields on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6eJ44Jq_pw

- Karl Friston on the ‘Free Energy Principle’ on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2v7LBABwZKA

- Michael’s recent paper with Chris Fields: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571064525000089?dgcid=coauthor

- Top-down models in biology (paper): https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rsif.2016.0555

Geoffrey Hinton on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_DUft-BdIE

Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal

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#science #podcast #reality #mind #consciousness #theoreticalphysics

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As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe

Rubin Gruber Sandbox (referenced by Will): https://www.fau.edu/sandbox

➡️Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com

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Links Mentioned:

William Hahn’s first appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr4R7eh5f_M

William Hahn’s Website: https://hahn.ai/

Jacob Barandes’s first appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oWip00iXbo

Lilian Dindo on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_hI7JNsbt0

Stephen Wolfram on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YRlQQw0d-4

Stephen Wolfram’s Mindfest presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHPQ_oSsJgg

Curt’s Substack article on Hahn: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/the-hahn-jaimungal-conjecture-the

Michael Levin and Anna Ciaunica on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aLhkm6QUgA&t=81s

What is it like to be a bat? (paper): https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cavitch/pdf-library/Nagel_Bat.pdf

TOE’s Consciousness Iceberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDjnEiys98o&t=21s&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal

Karl Friston on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2v7LBABwZKA&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal

If you're struggling with your mental health or experiencing a crisis, please reach out. You're not alone. Here are free, confidential support hotlines:

Mental Health Support Hotlines

* US: 988 (Crisis Lifeline) - https://988lifeline.org

* Canada: 988 or 1-833-456-4566 (Talk Crisis Canada) - https://talksuicide.ca

* UK: 116 123 (Samaritans) - https://www.samaritans.org

* Australia: 13 11 14 (Lifeline) - https://www.lifeline.org.au

* Germany: 0800 1110 111 / 0800 1110 222 (Telefonseelsorge) - https://www.telefonseelsorge.de

* India: 1800-599-0019 (Kiran) - https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1651963

* France: 3114 (Crisis Support) - https://3114.fr

* Netherlands: 113 or 0800-0113 (113 Crisis Support) - https://www.113.nl

* Sweden: 90101 (Mind Helpline) - https://mind.se/hitta-hjalp/sjalvmordslinjen/

* China: 800-810-1117 / 010-8295-1332 (Beijing Crisis Intervention Center) - http://www.crisis.org.cn

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* Spain: 024 (Crisis Line)

* Brazil: 188 (CVV) - https://www.cvv.org.br/

* Ireland: 116 123 (Samaritans Ireland) - https://www.samaritans.org/ireland/

* South Africa: 0800 567 567 / SMS 31393 (SADAG) - https://www.sadag.org

In an emergency, always call your local emergency number (e.g., 911 in the US, 112 in Europe).

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Ruth Kastner joins Curt Jaimungal to discuss her transactional interpretation (TI) of quantum mechanics, addressing the measurement problem, retrocausality, and the integration of quantum mechanics and gravity. Kastner advocates for a paradigm shift in physics, urging researchers to embrace complexity and nuance in understanding quantum phenomena and reality.

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Timestamps:

00:00 Introduction

01:40 The Measurement Problem Unraveled

09:17 Understanding Measurement Interaction

11:27 Exploring Feynman Diagrams

16:25 Observers vs. Measurers

20:58 The Nature of Measurement

22:19 Probabilistic Outcomes Explained

28:52 Emission and Absorption Defined

34:40 Entities and Their Reality

38:03 The Emergence of Space-Time

41:14 Distinguishing Theories and Anomalies

42:56 The Challenges of Independent Scholarship

46:23 Defining the Conventional Approach

48:33 Formulating the Transactional Axioms

50:34 Kramer's Perspective on Transactional Theory

1:07:22 Retrocausality and Block World Dynamics

1:07:43 Science Fiction and Time Travel

1:14:04 Emergence of Space-Time Events

1:27:23 Weak and Strong Forces

1:36:10 Transition from Physics to Philosophy

1:39:53 The Nature of Free Will

1:45:36 Consciousness and Physicalism

1:54:51 Challenges to Materialism

2:05:47 Advice for Future Generations

2:07:41 Conclusion and Acknowledgments

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#science #time #quantumphysics

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As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe

In this episode, Jacob Barandes, a theoretical physicist and philosopher from Harvard, and computational biologist Manolis Kellis from MIT, explore the connections between quantum physics, biology, and consciousness. Enjoy.

Shout out to the authors of the following. Check out their books:

- "The Mending of Broken Bones: A Modern Guide to Classical Algebra" by Paul Lockhart https://amzn.to/3EmfDP9

- "Dreaming Reality: How Neuroscience and Mysticism Can Unlock the Secrets of Consciousness" by Vladimir Miskovic and Steven Jay Lynn https://amzn.to/42y1KYi

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Timestamps:

0:00 Introduction

6:23 Metaphysics and Physics: Defining the Boundaries

8:53 Does Existence Matter?

15:35 Quantum Physics: The Nature of Reality

21:35 Understanding Life Through Physics

27:56 The Observer Effect in Quantum Theory

36:02 Gauge Potentials and Their Reality

46:11 The Birth of Quantum Mechanics

54:42 Interpreting Quantum Superposition and Action at a Distance

1:01:20 Decoherence Explained

1:02:18 The Observer's Role

1:03:43 Size and Decoherence

1:04:35 Quantum Computing and Investments

1:07:33 Practical Applications of Quantum Theory

1:10:14 Quantum Computers: What Are They Good For?

1:11:24 The Markov Process Debate

1:15:18 Causal Modeling in Medicine

1:16:56 Quantum Effects in Biology

1:21:15 Consciousness and Quantum Mechanics

1:27:03 Non-locality and Quantum Theory

1:31:46 The Historical Shift in Physics

1:35:15 Beables and Their Nature

1:47:17 The Hard Problem of Consciousness

1:51:41 The P-Zombie Concept

Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal

Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt

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#science #philosophy #theoreticalphysics #physics #debate #lecture

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In this captivating of Theories of Everything, Jacob Barandes and I delve into the intricate world of Indivisible Stochastic Processes and their profound impact on quantum mechanics. We explore how these non-Markovian systems introduce quantum phenomena like superposition and interference without the traditional wave function collapse.

Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com

Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE

Timestamps:

00:00 – Introduction

01:29 – Philosophy of Physics

07:04 – Philosophical Physics

10:55 – Understanding Symmetry Breaking in Physics

15:03 – Historical Contributions of Philosophers to Quantum Theory

25:03 – Real-World Examples of Symmetry Breaking

32:03 – Philosophical Contributions and Funding in Physics

38:00 – The Wigner's Friend Thought Experiment

55:24 – Eternalism vs. Presentism: The Flow of Time

1:05:31 – Connection to Cosmology and FLRW Models

1:12:07 – Spontaneous vs. Explicit Symmetry Breaking

1:15:37 – Indivisible Stochastic Processes and Future Directions

01:40:06 - Markovianity in Quantum Mechanics

01:42:12 - Linearity and Unitarity in Quantum Evolution

01:43:23 - Unistochastic Processes and Quantum Channels

01:45:20 - Quantum Channels and Steinspring Dilation

01:46:18 - Hamiltonian Formulation Analogy

01:49:05 - Double-Slit Experiment with Indivisible Processes

01:52:08 - Measurement Devices and Emergibles

02:00:04 - Seminar Culture and Philosophy in Physics

02:02:38 - Coarse-Grained Double-Slit Example

02:05:03 - No Wave Function Collapse in Indivisible Processes

02:12:16 - Philosophical Insights and Importance in Physics

02:18:08 - Critique of David Griffiths' Quantum Mechanics Textbook

02:35:07 - Closing Remarks and Future Topics

Links Mentioned (additional links in comments):

- Jacob’s website: https://www.jacobbarandes.com/

- Jacob’s first appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oWip00iXbo&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal

- Jacob’s talk on “A New Formulation of Quantum Theory”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sshJyD0aWXg

- The Stochastic-Quantum Correspondence (Jacob’s paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.10778

- McTaggart’s paper on time: https://philpapers.org/archive/MCTTUO.pdf

- Putnam’s paper on time and geometry: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2024493?origin=JSTOR-pdf

- Neil deGrasse Tyson on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhWWlJFwTqs

- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paper: https://cds.cern.ch/record/405662/files/PhysRev.47.777.pdf

- Greta Hermann’s paper on quantum mechanics in the philosophy of nature: https://cqi.inf.usi.ch/qic/grete_en.pdf

- John Bell’s paper on the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox: https://journals.aps.org/ppf/pdf/10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195

- Bell’s theorem without inequalities (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0409190

- Quantum mysteries revisited (paper): https://www.physics.smu.edu/scalise/P5382fa15/Mermin1990a.pdf

- Quantum Theory by David Bohm (book): https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Theory-Dover-Books-Physics/dp/0486659690

- Bohm’s second paper on quantum theory: https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.85.180

- Dirac’s textbook on quantum mechanics: https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Quantum-Mechanics-International-Monographs/dp/0198520115

- Wigner’s paper on the mind-body question: https://www.scribd.com/doc/240712078/Eugen-Wigner-Remarks-on-the-Mind-body-Question

#science #physics #theoreticalphysics #quantumphysics

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In this episode, developmental biologist Michael Levin and cognitive scientist Anna Ciaunica examine how cellular intelligence challenges our traditional understanding of consciousness. They explore how memory, embodiment, and our interactions with others fundamentally shape the self.

As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe

A huge thank you to Dina Rudick, a four-time Emmy award-winning documentary filmmaker / journalist, who expertly aided this production at the last minute. You can find more about her work at https://www.dinarudick.com. Definitely check out her films.

Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com

Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE

Links Mentioned:

Michael Levin’s website: https://drmichaellevin.org/

Anna Ciaunica’s website: https://annaciaunica.fr/

Curt’s previous talk with Michael: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8iFtaltX-s&t=3924s&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal

Timestamps:

00:00 – Opening

01:42 – The Biggest Myths in Biology and Neuroscience

03:18 – Anna’s Take on How Self Emerges from “Bunches of Cells”

04:10 – Critique of Adult-Centric Perspectives

05:15 – Dropping Old Conceptual “Epicycles”

07:45 – Continuity from Single Cells to Human Minds

09:28 – On Memory, Metaphors, and Shifting Perspectives

10:46 – Bridging Disciplinary Silos & The Power of Interdisciplinarity

13:04 – Development, Evolution, and Goal-Directed Systems

17:05 – Expanding the Concept of “Goal-Seeking” in Biology

25:12 – Depression, Body States, and Self-Regulation

31:57 – Aging, Goals, and the Problem of “Having Nothing Left to Do”

41:10 – Pregnancy, Immune Systems, and “Sharing a Self”

51:08 – “Interconnectedness” as Fundamental to Selfhood

57:56 – The Story We Tell Ourselves vs. The Agency of Thoughts

1:07:00 – Rewriting “You”: Caterpillars, Butterflies, and Memory

1:16:15 – Final Thoughts: The Self as an Ongoing, Embodied Process

1:24:01 – Closing Remarks and Where to Find More

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#science #biology #research #scientist #consciousness

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The classical and quantum worlds are not as apart as we thought.

Eva Miranda, a renowned researcher in symplectic and Poisson geometry, explains how “hidden” geometric structures can unite classical and quantum frameworks. Eva dives into integrable systems, Bohr–Sommerfeld leaves, and the art of geometric quantization, revealing a promising path to bridging longstanding gaps in theoretical physics.

As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe

Links Mentioned:

•⁠ ⁠Eva Miranda’s website: https://web.mat.upc.edu/eva.miranda/nova/

•⁠ ⁠Roger Penrose on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGm505TFMbU

•⁠ ⁠Curt’s post on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7284265597671034880/

Timestamps:

00:00 – Introduction

06:12 – Classical vs. Quantum Mechanics

15:32 – Poisson Brackets & Symplectic Forms

24:14 – Integrable Systems

32:01 – Dirac’s Dream & No‐Go Results

39:04 – Action‐Angle Coordinates

47:05 – Toric Manifolds & Polytopes

54:55 – Geometric Quantization Basics

1:03:46 – Bohr–Sommerfeld Leaves

1:12:03 – Handling Singularities

1:20:23 – Poisson Manifolds Beyond Symplectic

1:28:50 – Turing Completeness & Fluid Mechanics Tie‐In

1:35:06 – Topological QFT Overview

1:45:53 – Open Questions in Quantization

1:53:20 – Conclusion

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