Cultivation Elevated - Indoor Farming, Cannabis Growers & Cultivators - Pipp Horticulture

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

Hosts Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson speak with Jon Jirikovec, Crop Specialist at Grodan, about substrate management, irrigation strategy, and cannabis cultivation.

Grodan manufactures stone wool (Rockwool) for hydroponic and soilless cultivation, offering high control and steerability for growers.

Jon shares his journey from retail cannabis work in 2013 to his current role supporting growers across North America.

Grodan emphasizes listening to customer feedback and conducting research with institutes like WUR and CRIC to refine techniques.

The team discusses crop steering and irrigation phases (P1, P2, P3) and how they’ve evolved in cannabis compared to vegetables.

Rockwool offers better control and water efficiency than coco, though it requires more precision; it’s easier to rewet and adjust EC.

Substrate sizing is critical; under-sizing can lead to overly vegetative growth and poor-quality flower (e.g., more C buds).

Transitioning from HPS to LEDs often requires adjustments in substrate volume to avoid over-drying and improve irrigation control.

Case studies show that even novice growers can succeed with Rockwool when supported with tools, data, and proper guidance.

Slab systems offer more forgiveness and better resaturation uniformity than blocks, making them ideal for newer cultivators or limited environments.

Labor efficiency and facility design (e.g., racking height and accessibility) play a key role in productivity and plant health.

Rockwool systems reduce labor and mess compared to cocoa/soil systems, making post-harvest cleanup easier and faster.

There's a trend toward more sustainable, low-EC, low-runoff irrigation strategies to conserve water and nutrients.

Growers in water-restricted regions (e.g., U.S. Virgin Islands) may benefit from Rockwool due to its water efficiency.

The importance of environmental control (e.g., VPD, leaf surface temps) in syncing with substrate performance was emphasized.

Discussion of water circularity systems (e.g., True Zero Corp) that reclaim runoff and reduce operational costs.

Greenhouse vs. indoor production: each has advantages; multi-tier greenhouse cultivation is less common but may suit tight spaces.

Harvest and cleanup timing impacts microbial loads and crop quality; separate these steps to reduce contamination risks.

Transitioning to bulking phase should be based on crop observations (e.g., end of stretch), not arbitrary timelines.

Removing fan leaves too early can lead to foxtailing due to hormonal stress; timing and gradual EC changes are key.

Crop steering is a spectrum, not a binary approach—subtle adjustments help maintain plant health and yield.

Under-canopy lighting improves consistency in A/B grade flower but is not always necessary with good canopy and lighting strategy.

Common Rockwool mistakes include letting blocks dry too much before irrigation and using undersized substrates.

Substrate strategy should align with veg time, plant count limits, and business goals.

Discussion teases future episodes on “synganic” growing—blending salt-based fertigation with organic additives for better terpene expression.

Grodan is exploring microbial steering and root-zone microbiome strategies for added performance.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• In this episode of Cultivation Elevated, hosts Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson are joined by David Goodnack from Plant CO2 to discuss the crucial role of CO2 in cannabis cultivation, particularly in commercial vertical farming. They explore the technicalities of CO2 systems, focusing on the transition from small-scale home grow setups to large-scale commercial applications that use liquid CO2 stored in cryogenic tanks. David shares his insights on the challenges growers face in sourcing and designing effective CO2 systems and how his company, Plant CO2, was created to fill a gap in the industry. The conversation also touches on the emerging potential of direct air capture technologies, creative CO2 solutions like co-locating with breweries, and the importance of educating growers early on in the design process. Personal anecdotes from David, including his passion for surfing and skydiving, add a lighthearted touch to the discussion.

•    • Introduction:
• This episode is hosted by Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson, discussing CO2 design in vertical farming and its importance for cannabis and food production.
• Guest: David Goodnack from Plant CO2.
• CO2 in Commercial Cultivation:
• CO2 is essential for plant growth, especially in commercial cannabis cultivation.
• Discusses the importance of CO2 systems in sealed environments like indoor grow rooms.
• Commercial systems use liquid CO2, stored in cryogenic tanks, compared to smaller, less efficient systems used in home grows.
• CO2 Distribution:
• Importance of designing CO2 distribution systems to ensure proper levels in all grow rooms.
• CO2 distribution must be precise to avoid creating microclimates within rooms.
• Liebig’s Law of the Minimum:
• CO2 is a limiting factor for growth, but its impact is only significant when other factors (e.g., light, nutrients) are optimized.
• CO2 Equipment and Tank Rentals:
• Discussion on CO2 tank sizes and costs (e.g., a 6-ton cryogenic tank can cost around $90,000).
• CO2 companies make money through tank rentals and the price of CO2, which depends on delivery and distribution costs.
• Options to rent or purchase tanks, but rental is often more economical.
• Challenges with CO2 Systems:
• Challenges faced by commercial growers in finding the right CO2 systems, leading to the creation of Plant CO2 by David.
• The importance of the right equipment to avoid issues with CO2 loss and inefficient systems.
• Direct Air Capture vs. Liquid CO2:
• Introduction to direct air capture machines, which pull CO2 from the air and are currently less viable due to high energy consumption and costs.
• Liquid CO2 remains the more reliable and cost-effective option for commercial growers at this time.
• Innovative CO2 Solutions:
• Examples of creative CO2 solutions, like co-locating cannabis grows with breweries to capture CO2 from fermentation.
• Discussion of using combined heat and power (CHP) systems to capture CO2 in greenhouses, especially in places like the Netherlands.
• Education and Market Gaps:
• Education gaps in the cannabis industry regarding CO2 needs, with growers often neglecting CO2 systems until late in the design process.
• David’s frustration with the industry led to the creation of Plant CO2 to provide better solutions and education for cannabis growers.
• Personal Insight:
• David shares his personal interests, including his love for surfing and skydiving, and discusses the connections between engineers and hobbies like surfing.
• Contact Information:
• David is easily reachable via his website, PlantCO2.com, where customers can get quotes within 24 hours.

This episode highlights the complexity of CO2 systems, the importance of proper design and equipment, and the emerging potential of new technologies in CO2 capture for cultivation.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

This episode of Cultivation Elevated dives deep into the curing process of cannabis, exploring its critical role in achieving high-quality flower. Hosts Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson discuss the science behind curing, including moisture content, enzymatic activity, and ethylene gas production. They also examine best practices, common mistakes, and innovative techniques used in both small-scale and commercial settings to optimize terpene retention, potency, and overall product consistency.

Introduction

• Hosted by Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson from Pipp Horticulture.
• Episode focuses on curing cannabis, part of a three-part series on harvesting, drying, and curing.
• Discussion blends traditional methods, scientific advancements, and industry best practices.

Understanding Curing & Its Importance

• Drying vs. Curing: Drying is a rapid moisture reduction, while curing homogenizes moisture content.
• Curing enhances the terpene profile, reducing the “grassy” chlorophyll aroma over time.
• Enzymatic activity and degradation of compounds like chlorophyll play a key role in quality.
• Environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and light exposure impact the curing process.

Different Curing Approaches

• Some commercial growers treat the entire drying room as a curing space.
• Traditional methods include curing in bags, jars, totes, or turkey bags.
• Burping (controlled opening of storage containers) is used to release excess moisture.
• New technology is emerging, such as auto-burp systems and sensor-based monitoring.

Science & Variables in the Curing Process

• Ethylene gas plays a role in the ripening process (similar to bananas and tomatoes).
• Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) impacts moisture release during curing.
• Cannabinoid changes: Overexposure to oxygen converts THC to CBN, making cannabis more sedative.
• Environmental consistency is critical – differences in humidity, temperature, and air circulation affect the final product.

Challenges & Best Practices in Curing

• Different strains (cultivars) require different curing approaches.
• Sorting buds by size and density helps create consistent drying and curing conditions.
• Packaging matters – nitrogen purging was used in the past, but it sometimes reduced flavor quality.
• Commercial growers need to maintain uniform environments in trim rooms to avoid unintended drying during processing.
• Modified Atmospheric Packaging (MAP), commonly used in the food industry, could play a role in long-term cannabis storage.

Industry Insights & Future Research

• Many growers still rely on experience ("feel") rather than scientific testing.
• More research is needed on ethylene gas’s role in curing and optimal curing environments.
• Tobacco and food drying industries offer some insights, but cannabis curing is unique.
• Technology like Curepuck and sensor-based burping solutions could improve consistency.

Closing Thoughts

• Curing is the key differentiator between good cannabis and high-quality cannabis.
• The science behind curing is still evolving, and industry collaboration is needed to refine best practices.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

In this episode, the hosts dive deep into the intricacies of cannabis drying, sharing expert insights on best practices, airflow management, and the common pitfalls to avoid. They discuss the importance of controlling temperature, humidity, and airflow to ensure consistent, high-quality drying. Key topics include the pros and cons of different drying setups like racks vs. carts, how to avoid microclimates, and the importance of maintaining a controlled environment. The episode highlights the often-overlooked impact of drying on the final product and offers practical tips for improving the process, from designing the drying room to understanding moisture management.

Drying Room Basics:

• The drying process is key to producing high-quality cannabis, and airflow is a critical factor.
• A drying room setup typically involves multiple people, with one or two focused on managing the drying process.
• Adjusting airflow is essential, especially during the "poofy" phase when the crop is wet and holding a lot of moisture.
• Over-drying can happen if fans are not positioned properly. Airflow should not be directed directly at the crop but rather across the room to avoid excessive drying.

Fan and Airflow Management:

• There’s debate about whether it’s better to push or pull air through a drying room.
• The ideal airflow design often involves drawing air through the room, avoiding direct fan placement on the crop itself.
• The design of a high-end drying room (e.g., Conviron Chambers) uses perforated walls to evenly pull air through the crop, enhancing consistency.

Carts vs. Racks:

• Racks, when compared to carts, offer better airflow as there is more space between tiers to circulate air effectively.
• The height of racks (12–18 inches between tiers) provides space for better airflow, especially around the thicker colas that retain more moisture.
• Carts, on the other hand, do not allow for as much airflow between plants, which can lead to uneven drying.

Drying Room Design:

• Proper drying room design should ensure minimal disruption to the drying process, such as ensuring fans are well-positioned and avoiding microclimates created by improper airflow.
• Lights should be kept off and doors kept shut to maintain consistent conditions inside the drying room.
• Sealing the room properly (including door sweeps and thresholds) helps maintain a stable environment.

Quality Control in Drying:

• A consistent, controlled drying environment is crucial for preserving the terpenes and quality of cannabis.
• Over-drying or improper drying can degrade the product and affect its final quality.
• Taking the time to measure and map out temperature and relative humidity (RH) across different areas of the room can help optimize the drying process.

Curing and Final Product:

• Drying and curing are interconnected, with the drying phase playing a major role in the final product’s quality.
• The podcast hosts emphasize that drying should not be overlooked, as it has a big impact on the product's outcome.
• They mention potential future research through the Cannabis Research Coalition to help improve drying techniques and share more data on the subject.

Closing Thoughts:

• The podcast encourages listeners to experiment and find what works best for their setup but also emphasizes the importance of following key drying principles for the best results.
• The hosts highlight that, while drying is a complex process with some subjective elements, good practices and attention to detail will lead to high-quality cannabis.

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

The episode discusses efficient harvesting techniques and the importance of maintaining cleanliness and compliance in the cannabis cultivation process. Michael and Anders share tips on improving speed and quality during harvest, such as the use of RFID scanning technology for tracking and compliance. One of the key points is the importance of cleaning up the cultivation room before starting to harvest to avoid contaminating the buds with particulates from the substrate. They also talk about using air quality meters to monitor particulate matter in the air during post-harvest processing.

Michael and Anders emphasize the role of the cultivation team in harvesting, noting that they are typically more connected to the crop and handle it with more care than post-harvest teams. The podcast also discusses the importance of keeping a steady workflow and ensuring no team members are left waiting for tools or supplies. The team shares their experiences with improving harvest efficiency over time and the benefits of avoiding harvests on Mondays and Fridays, recommending mid-week harvests for better staffing and monitoring of the drying process. Additionally, the conversation touches on labor productivity throughout the week and the benefits of keeping harvests within a single day to avoid complications during the drying process.

Harvesting Efficiency:

• Emphasizes teamwork during harvest, including "tag team" efforts for smoother and quicker processes.
• Outlaw Technology’s RFID scanning tool is highlighted for improving speed, accuracy, and compliance by linking with a scale.
• RFID scanning enhances inventory management and helps streamline post-harvest accuracy, reducing errors from manual data entry.

Cleanliness and Compliance:

• Stress on the importance of keeping the cultivation room free of particulates before harvesting to avoid contaminating the buds.
• Moving substrate or equipment during harvest can stir up particles that get on the flowers, affecting quality and compliance.
• Use of air quality meters to measure particulate matter in the air and validate room sanitation after harvest.

Harvesting Team Composition:

• Cultivation team is ideal for harvesting because they are most connected to the crop and take more care, reducing damage to the plants.
• Post-harvest crews tend to be less connected to the plants and may work less gently, potentially affecting quality.
• Compliance person tracks wet weights and labels harvested plants in the drying room.

Workflow and Steady Flow:

• Importance of a "water spider" role to move carts or racks between cultivation and drying rooms to prevent bottlenecks.
• Ensure no one is waiting on others for tools or equipment to keep the workflow steady.
• Example from a facility where initial harvest took an entire shift but improved to just a few hours after a few months.

Optimal Harvesting Days:

• Avoid harvesting on Mondays and Fridays to ensure adequate staffing and monitoring.
• Harvesting on Tuesdays or Wednesdays is ideal to ensure quality monitoring during the critical 24-48 hours after harvest.
• Harvesting should ideally be completed in one day to maintain proper drying conditions.

Labor Productivity:

• Mondays tend to have slower productivity due to the start of the week.
• Tuesdays and Wednesdays are optimal for productivity (good to great).
• Thursdays and Fridays tend to have reduced productivity, with Friday being especially prone to staff calling out.

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

This episode dives into the evolution of product development at Pipp Horticulture, featuring guest Del Rockwell. The discussion highlights Del’s journey at Pipp, the engineering challenges and innovations in vertical farming solutions, and the launch of the new modular carriage system. The hosts explore Del’s contributions to the horticulture division, including how customer feedback, engineering excellence, and cross-industry insights shape product design.

Key Points Discussed:

1. Del Rockwell’s Background:

◦ Transitioned from traditional engineering to horticulture-focused product development at Pipp.

◦ Enthusiasm for joining Pipp during its pivot to the cannabis industry, describing it as a “dream opportunity.”

◦ Emphasis on user-centered design and integrating customer feedback into product innovation.

2. Product Development Process:

◦ Explained the iterative nature of product design, starting from identifying customer challenges.

◦ The role of modularity in the new carriage system, allowing easier shipping, installation, and flexibility for customers.

◦ Rigorous testing, including cycling over 3,000 times with more than 5,000 pounds to ensure reliability.

3. Features of the Modular Carriage System:

◦ A shift from aluminum carriages to a modular skate-based system, resulting in:

▪ Lower shipping costs.

▪ Improved ergonomics for growers.

▪ Better airflow and easier cleaning, contributing to pest and pathogen management.

◦ Enhanced design aesthetics and elimination of potential failure points.

4. Collaboration with Grow Glide:

◦ Leveraging insights from the Grow Glide acquisition to merge the best features of both systems.

◦ Examples include relocating the drive box for better usability and refining structural components for enhanced functionality.

5. Industry Insights:

◦ Challenges of balancing cost and functionality for both cannabis and leafy green markets.

◦ Importance of longevity in vendor relationships, with Pipp’s 50-year history providing stability in a volatile industry.

6. Del’s Philosophy on Engineering and Product Management:

◦ Focus on solving root causes rather than surface-level problems.

◦ The importance of humility, curiosity, and collaboration in product design.

◦ Emphasis on understanding customer perspectives to deliver practical and innovative solutions.

7. Future of Vertical Farming:

◦ Anticipation of more specialized products tailored to diverse crop types.

◦ Continued efforts to balance costs and ROI for growers, especially in non-cannabis markets.

◦ Excitement around emerging technologies like robo-forming and advanced manufacturing techniques.

8. Team and Company Culture:

◦ Pipp’s customer-centric approach and small-team feel despite its corporate capabilities.

◦ A collaborative and iterative product development culture that integrates feedback from both engineers and growers.

9. Del’s Legacy Projects:

◦ Pride in developing the Elevate Deck, which significantly improved labor efficiency for multi-tier systems.

◦ Validation from industry imitation, seen as flattery for Pipp’s successful designs.

Closing Notes:

The episode wraps up with a nod to Pipp’s leadership and Del’s role in fostering innovation. Listeners are encouraged to connect with Del at trade shows like MJ BizCon to discuss engineering, racking systems, and vertical farming trends. The hosts promise more updates on Pipp’s product developments in future episodes.

This episode underscores Pipp Horticulture’s commitment to advancing vertical farming technologies and their collaborative approach to solving grower challenges.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• Podcast Episode Summary: Cultivation Elevated
• Hosts: Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson
• Guest: Dr. Allison Justice, Cannabis Research Coalition and Hemp Mine
• Episode Focus:
• The episode centers on a collaborative research initiative led by Pipp Horticulture and the Cannabis Research Coalition to investigate airflow in cannabis vertical farming. The conversation dives into the complexities of designing research facilities, the importance of airflow optimization, and the potential impact on yield, quality, and efficiency in commercial cannabis cultivation.
• Key Topics Discussed:
• 1. Research Facility Buildout
• Project Overview:
• A year-and-a-half-long project to create a state-of-the-art cannabis research facility.
• Pipp Horticulture partnered with Dr. Allison Justice and several leading equipment manufacturers.
• Focus on studying the impact of airflow on cannabis growth, including transpiration, photosynthesis, and pathogen resistance.
• Facility Design:
• Three identical grow rooms (12x8 feet each, 9-foot ceilings) with a single dry room.
• Research trials will include control and test parameter groups to analyze airflow effects.

• 2. Airflow and Environmental Controls
• Challenges with Airflow in Vertical Farming:
• Limited existing research on airflow parameters specific to cannabis cultivation.
• Optimization needed for high-light environments and precise irrigation strategies.
• Technological Solutions:
• Use of omnidirectional hotwire anemometers for accurate airflow monitoring.
• Integration with Growlink for 24/7 data collection and trend analysis.
• Ducted dehumidifiers and mini-split air conditioners to maintain uniform climate control.
• Research Goals:
• Determining optimal airflow velocities for different growth stages.
• Understanding how airflow affects yield, potency, terpene profiles, and crop health.

• 3. Industry Applications
• Impact on Cultivators:
• Providing data-driven insights for growers to improve consistency, reduce labor, and optimize climate control.
• Addressing long-standing "bro science" in cannabis cultivation with hard data.
• Broader Benefits:
• Results will guide engineers, HVAC designers, and equipment manufacturers.
• Potential to inform future Pipp Horticulture product development.
• Aims to reduce operational costs and improve overall grower success.

• 4. Collaboration and Long-Term Vision
• Key Partnerships:
• Collaboration with leading vendors like Growlink, Vertical Air Solutions, and Athena.
• Dr. Justice’s team actively involved in facility buildout and ongoing research.
• Research Scope:
• Multiyear trials producing quarterly results, made publicly available to benefit the industry.
• Exploration of additional variables like light intensity, nutrient strategies, and climate controls.
• Public Outreach:
• Plans to share findings through podcasts, reports, and events like MJBizCon 2024.

• Key Takeaways:
• Importance of Airflow Optimization:
• Cannabis plants require significantly more airflow than other crops due to higher light intensities and faster transpiration rates.
• Preliminary estimates suggest optimal airflow of 100-200 feet per minute (veg) and 200-300 feet per minute (flower).
• Data-Driven Cultivation:
• Proper airflow can improve yield, reduce pest/disease susceptibility, and eliminate reliance on subjective grower intuition.
• The use of environmental biophysics models provides actionable insights for improving plant growth efficiency.
• Innovation for Growers:
• The project aims to replace guesswork with science, equipping growers with practical, evidence-based recommendations.

• Conclusion:
• The episode highlights a groundbreaking effort to understand and optimize airflow in cannabis cultivation. By bridging the gap between grower intuition and scientific research, the team aims to empower the industry with actionable insights to maximize efficiency, yield, and crop quality. This initiative underscores Pipp Horticulture’s commitment to supporting the cannabis community through innovation and collaboration.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• Introduction & Guest Overview:
• Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson host Cultivation Elevated, discussing innovations in vertical farming and cannabis production. They welcome Cale Winters, owner of Rhythm Cultivation Solutions and Services (Rhythm CSS), which specializes in horticultural automation and controls.
• Background of Rhythm CSS:
• Winters explains his journey from industrial engineering to founding Rhythm CSS, driven by the goal of developing automation solutions for complex cultivation environments like cannabis.
• Rhythm CSS offers fully integrated control systems for managing lighting, irrigation, fertigation, and environmental parameters in grow facilities.
• Early Challenges in Cannabis Cultivation:
• Cultivation previously relied heavily on manual processes, which were labor-intensive and inconsistent.
• Winters highlights the lack of accessible, cannabis-specific automation and control systems, which led to inefficiencies in commercial grows.
• Fertigation and Environmental Control:
• Rhythm CSS designs customized fertigation systems with options for batch and direct injection setups to suit different grow operations.
• Cale Winters emphasizes the importance of day storage for managing water supply and irrigation needs, particularly in high-frequency watering programs used in crop steering.
• User-Friendly Interface and Training:
• Rhythm CSS's platform is tailored for cultivators, making it intuitive and easy to learn compared to traditional industrial control systems.
• The system allows for cross-training and quick on-boarding, reducing dependency on specialized staff and mitigating risks if key employees leave.
• Data Collection and Automation:
• The importance of data in cultivation is stressed, especially for maintaining consistency and identifying trends.
• Rhythm CSS’s platform enables comprehensive data collection across all systems, providing insights for operators and facilitating better decision-making.
• Challenges with Space Allocation and Design Flexibility:
• Many grow facilities under-allocate space for fertigation and water storage, leading to design challenges.
• Rhythm CSS assists clients with custom equipment layouts to maximize space efficiency without compromising functionality.
• Redundancy and Risk Mitigation:
• Winters recommends having backup water and treatment systems, ideally storing at least two days' worth of water.
• Redundant systems are essential for mitigating the impact of equipment failures or supply interruptions.
• Future of AI and Machine Learning in Cultivation:
• Rhythm CSS is exploring AI applications to enhance predictive analytics and automate responses to environmental conditions.
• However, Winters emphasizes the importance of reliable sensor data and warns against rushing AI solutions into critical processes.
• Sensor Technology:
• Rhythm CSS has integrated advanced sensors to improve the accuracy of environmental monitoring.
• Proper sensor placement and maintenance are critical to ensuring accurate data and avoiding potential errors with automated adjustments.
• Conclusion & Contact Information:
• For those interested in Rhythm CSS solutions, Winters provides contact details and encourages potential clients to reach out for personalized consultations.

This episode provides an in-depth look at Rhythm CSS's role in advancing cannabis cultivation technology, emphasizing automation, customization, and data-driven insights to optimize growing operations.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• Introduction: Hosts Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson introduce this episode of "Cultivation Elevated" - the episode's focus on airflow mapping and quantification in vertical farming and cannabis production.
• Project Example: Michael shares his experience working on a startup project and the importance of commissioning the building and team for airflow optimization, especially in multi-tiered systems.
• Airflow and Plant Growth: Anders emphasizes how airflow is a crucial factor in plant growth, acting as a balancing factor for energy, VPD (vapor pressure deficit), and other parameters.
• Mapping Airflow:
• Michael discusses his approach to airflow mapping using drawings, measurements at consistent elevations, and data quantification for better airflow management.
• Anders highlights the benefits of using both direct and indirect methods (airflow sensors and leaf surface temperature readings) to create airflow maps.
• Tools and Techniques:
• Discussion on tools like hot-wire anemometers for accurate airflow measurement and why infrared thermometers with adjustable emissivity are needed for proper leaf surface temperature measurements.
• Tips for measuring air velocity, spacing, plant height, and using color-coded maps in Excel for easy visual analysis.
• Airflow and Yield:
• Poor airflow leads to issues like hotspots, uneven plant growth, and reduced yields.
• Too much airflow can also cause issues like nutrient toxicities or wrinkly leaves.
• Optimal Airflow Ranges:
• Optimal airflow for veg and flowering stages discussed, generally ranging from 200 to 300 feet per minute.
• Emphasis on the need to find consistency in airflow distribution across the growing space.
• Leaf Surface Temperature:
• The importance of taking leaf surface temperature measurements during the middle of the photo period.
• These readings help monitor plant health and ensure VPD is within acceptable ranges.
• Room Design and Commissioning:
• Suggestions on room design planning, including considering airflow distribution and using technologies like CFD (computational fluid dynamics) modeling for precise planning.
• A discussion about retrofitting or designing rooms to maximize airflow and minimize future issues.
• New Technology:
• Michael discusses Pipp’s VA S 2.0 airflow system, which provides more control over airflow and energy efficiency, allowing growers to dial in airflow to meet specific needs.
• Practical Advice:
• The episode closes with advice on regularly checking airflow, understanding the value of airflow mapping, and recognizing how airflow can impact yield and overall crop quality.

This episode dives deep into how proper airflow management in indoor and vertical farming environments can significantly enhance crop health, growth, and consistency.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• Podcast Title & Hosts: Cultivation Elevated, hosted by Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson.
• Episode Topic: Discussion on retrofitting cannabis cultivation facilities, energy rebates, and emerging markets for cannabis.
• Guest Speakers: Mitch Galton (Director of Business Development) and Brett Cherniack (VP of Sales) from Urban Gro, a company providing integrated design and engineering solutions for controlled environment agriculture (CEA) facilities.

Key Discussion Points:

• Urban Grow’s Services:
• Specializes in retrofitting existing facilities and energy-efficient solutions for cannabis cultivation and other CEA industries.
• Offers architectural design, cultivation system integration, and equipment commissioning.
• Retrofitting Cannabis Facilities:
• Challenges include assessing existing infrastructure (power, water, and space layout), especially in transitioning non-cannabis buildings.
• Planning is critical, focusing on utilities, space allocation, and goals before starting a project.
• Importance of ensuring proper infrastructure (HVAC, lighting) before retrofitting.
• Types of Retrofits:
• Existing cannabis facilities needing upgrades versus non-cannabis facilities being converted.
• Challenges with distressed assets, where companies failed, requiring complete overhauls.
• Converting single-level facilities to multi-tiered systems to increase canopy space but requiring significant HVAC and lighting upgrades.
• Building Selection for Retrofits:
• Important to consider zoning, local regulations, utility availability, and city support when selecting a building for a retrofit.
• Delays in power availability can derail timelines and budgets, sometimes taking up to 24 months to get proper utility infrastructure.
• Energy Rebates:
• Significant rebates available for upgrading lighting and HVAC systems, covering up to 100% of the costs in some cases.
• Utilities have become more knowledgeable about cannabis cultivation and offer tailored energy efficiency programs.
• Planning ahead for energy rebates can save a company substantial amounts, and waiting for rebate approvals (about 4 weeks) is strongly recommended before making purchases.
• New Cannabis Markets:
• Examples from new states like Alabama and Kentucky show the challenges of being the first to market, such as not having patients or customers yet.
• Importance of scaling cultivation in phases to match market demand and avoid overbuilding.
• Challenges in HVAC Rebates:
• HVAC rebates are more complex to calculate compared to lighting due to constant system usage in cannabis cultivation.
• Some states are developing more prescriptive rebate programs for dehumidifiers, a major part of HVAC systems in cultivation facilities.
• Closing Thoughts:
• Both Mitch and Brett emphasize the importance of detailed planning, especially when dealing with capital-intensive retrofits.
• Urban Gro’s team has extensive experience in cannabis, helping cultivators make smart decisions regarding retrofits, new facilities, and energy rebates.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/