The year is 1488!

Mary Stewart endures spousal changes against her will, Gustav Trolle demonstrates why you should not be his friend, Leonardo da Vinci leaves bread crumbs about his possible vegetarianism and Rathborne's Candles begins a 500+-year-old business.

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Intro Music: "Horse Race" by EstherGarcia.

https://rathbornes1488.com/pages/our-historyhttps://fora.ie/rathborne-candles-1488-interview-4983223-Jan2020/

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathbornes_Candles

https://www.google.com/amp/s/evoke.ie/2018/10/09/style/interiors/rathbornes-candles-once-used-by-prisioners-are-now-the-ultimate-in-luxury/amp

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.irishtimes.com/business/work/future-proof-rathbornes-a-shining-light-for-far-longer-than-most-businesses-1.3464633%3fmode=amp

https://www.independent.ie/regionals/herald/lifestyle/founded-before-columbus-discovered-america-rathbornes-still-burns-bright-29668833.html

https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/leonardo-da-vinci-drawing-hometown-592118

https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/medici-famil

https://www.tuscany.co/guide-vinci/vinci.html

https://www.visittuscany.com/en/time-based-tours/day-trip-vinci/

https://leonardoda-vinci.com/early-life

https://ivu.org/history/davinci/hurwitz.html#:~:text=da%20Vinci%20was%20also%20referred%20to%20as%20a,Museo%20Ideale%20Leonardo%20da%20Vinci%20in%20Vinci%2C%20Italy

https://www.history.com/news/an-orphaned-teenager-was-mother-to-the-worlds-most-famous-artist

https://anancestoradayblog.wordpress.com/2017/03/17/mary-stewart-princess-of-scotland-and-countess-of-arran/

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Mary_Stewart,_Countess_of_Arran#/google_vignette

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/84654566/mary-hamilton

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gustav-Eriksson-Trolle

https://www.britannica.com/event/Stockholm-Bloodbath

https://izi.travel/en/abb6-the-stockholm-bloodbath/en

https://medeltidsmuseet.stockholm.se/in-english/exhibitions/stockholm-bloodbath/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Trolle

The year is 1487!

Beer gets better (and safer), Hongzhi becomes Emperor of China (and by all accounts sounds like someone who should actually be in a position of leadership), Magdalena de la Cruz is a living saint (and by all accounts sounds like someone who should not be in a position of leadership), and Lambert Simnel claims he's heir to the throne of England.

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Intro Music: "Horse Race" by EstherGarcia.

https://beerandbrewing.com/dictionary/7SMpZlapQl/

https://beerandbrewing.com/dictionary/JE21QkzMmR/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/celebrating-500-years-germans-beer-purity-law-180958878/

https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/10/26/the-reinheitsgebot-the-beer-purity-law-of-1516-is-still-in-force-in-germany-today/

https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/piel-castle/history/lambert-simnel/

https://spartacus-educational.com/H7Content5.htm

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_Simnel

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Plantagenet,_17th_Earl_of_Warwick

https://christusvincitsite.wordpress.com/2018/06/09/diabolic-stigmata-the-notorious-case-of-magdalena-de-la-cruz/

https://www.mysticsofthechurch.com/2011/12/sister-magdalena-of-cross-nun-who-made.html

http://www.mingtombs.eu/emp/09hongzhi/hongzhi.html

 

https://www.chinafetching.com/hongzhi-emperor-zhu-youcheng

The year is 1486!

The Guldengroschen becomes the world's fanciest and most dangerous coin. Margaret, the Queen of Scotland, dies. Botticelli finishes The Birth of Venus. And the Medici Giraffe arrives in Italy, or in other words, a wealthy family refuses to let an adorable giraffe live in its native home in peace.

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Intro Music: "Horse Race" by EstherGarcia.

Breitenlechner, Elisabeth, Marina Hilber, Joachim Lutz, Yvonne Kathrein, Alois Unterkircher, and Klaus Oeggl. “Reconstructing the History of Copper and Silver Mining in Schwaz, Tirol,” In: “Mining in Central Europe: Perspectives from Environmental History,” edited by Frank Uekoetter, RCC Perspectives 2012, no. 10, 7–20.

https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/land-silver-and-coins-mining-silver-and-minting-coins-tyrol

http://www.moneta-coins.com/photopost/showphoto.php?photo=2825&title=austria-tyrol1st-taler-1486&cat=500

https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/siegmund-rich-coin

https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/albrecht-vi-ambitious-second-son

https://www.taleruniverse.com/the-taler-universe-collection/austro-hungarian-talers-by-habsburg-ruler/archduke-sigismund-of-austria-1446-1490/

https://projects.exeter.ac.uk/RDavies/arian/dollar.html#:~:text=From%20Thalers%20to%20Dollars&text=The%20word%20dollar%20is%20much,silver%20in%20Joachimsthal%20in%20Bohemia.

http://www.freyasflorence.com/the-exotic-in-florence-the-medici-giraffe/

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medici_giraffe

http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/stewart_24.html

https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/margaret-of-denmark/margaret-denmark-queen-scots/

https://www.google.com/amp/s/thefreelancehistorywriter.com/2012/12/04/margaret-of-denmark-queen-of-scots/amp/

The year is 1485!

Hernán Cortés is the epitome of evil. Richard III loses his horse. England's agricultural scene experiences changes. The sweating sickness appears and then disappears with no certain rhyme or reason. And why Al Capone would beat Cortés in a fight.

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Intro Music: "Horse Race" by EstherGarcia.

https://www.ranker.com/list/terrible-facts-about-conquistador-hernan-cortes/setareh-jandawww.history.com/.amp/topics/exploration/hernan-cortes

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hernan-Corteswww.history.com/.amp/news/the-mysterious-epidemic-that-terrified-henry-viii 

https://www.britannica.com/science/sweating-sickness

https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/opinion/blogs/just-what-was-english-sweating-sickness/20067690.blog?firstPass=false

https://www.acraew.org.uk/history-common-land-and-village-greenshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/10/111003-science-climate-change-little-ice-age/#closehttps://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Europe/Landlords-and-peasants

Rural Economy of England by Joan Thirsk

The year is 1484! Luisa de Medrano becomes one of the first known female professors, St. Catherine leads a very chaste life and inspires chocolate making, and Pope Innocent's Papal Bull of 1484 identifies the wrong cause of climate changes and exacerbates the European witchhunts. 

 

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Intro Music: "Horse Race" by EstherGarcia.

https://www.monstrousregimentofwomen.com/2018/08/luisa-de-medrano-first-female-professor.html?m=1

https://www.villafrancadeloscaballeros.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1044:abril-2016-luisa-de-medrano-atienza,-1484-1527&catid=64&Itemid=702

https://historycollection.com/10-little-known-witch-trials-from-history/5/https://digitalworks.union.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1088&context=theses

https://salemcc.instructure.com/courses/451/pages/the-witch-bull-of-1484

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Innocent-VIII 

 

https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/education/classes/files/content/page/3%20AlAsad%20-%20Paleoclimate%20of%20the%20Colorado%20Plateau.pdf

 

https://www.livescience.com/28219-holocene-epoch.html 

https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/

The Year is 1483 - Old Tom Parr becomes the world's most adorable liar, Michelangelo hates his job, Tomás de Torquemada emboldens the Spanish Inquisition, and Richard III keeps himself busy during the summer.

All this, plus Betsy and Amy manage to mention Henry Cavill...again!

 

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Intro Music: "Horse Race" by EstherGarcia.

https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/spanish-and-portuguese-history-biographies/tomas-de-torquemada

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8153480/tom_s-de-torquemada

https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/thomas-parr

 

https://www.google.com/amp/s/strangeremains.com/2018/01/02/dissecting-the-true-age-of-old-tom-parr/amp/

 

https://medium.com/@Brumafriend/old-tom-parr-outliving-a-dynasty-ada0c5187b7a

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_V_of_England

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

https://thehistoryofengland.co.uk/resource/the-1483-timeline/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower

https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/the-princes-in-the-tower/#gs.lznc5f

https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/design-inspiration/a1291-10-things-you-did-not-know-about-the-sistine-chapel-barbara-priscila-nila-canedo/

https://www.history.com/topics/religion/vatican-city

https://www.tours-italy.com/discover-your-italy/guide-vatican/sistine-chapel

https://www.livescience.com/40802-sistine-chapel.html

http://www.travelingintuscany.com/art/sandrobotticelli/sistenechapel.htm

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/84176/15-lofty-facts-about-sistine-chapel

https://www.arttrav.com/it/how-to-paint-fresco/

https://www.whatalifetours.com/history-of-the-vatican-museums/

The year is 1482.

Mary of Burgundy faces difficult odds, Maximilian struggles as a successor, atrocious tragedy strikes Ghana, while Boticelli paints. 

 

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Intro Music: "Horse Race" by EstherGarcia.

https://www.thoughtco.com/mary-of-burgundy-3529745

https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/marrying-burgundy-maximilian-i-and-mary-burgundy

 

https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mary-burgundy-1457-1482

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primavera_(Botticelli)

 

http://www.italianrenaissance.org/a-closer-look-botticellis-primavera/

 

https://www.theartstory.org/artist/botticelli-sandro/life-and-legacy/

 

https://www.notablebiographies.com/Be-Br/Botticelli-Sandro.html

 

https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/ghana

https://eros.usgs.gov/westafrica/country/republic-ghana#:~:text=The%20country%20is%20endowed%20with,wealthier%20nations%20in%20West%20Africa.

https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/27/africa/ghana-elmina-castle/index.html

http://slaveryandremembrance.org/articles/article/?id=A0109

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr1.html

https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/el-mina-sao-jorge-da-mina/

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p260.html

The year is 1481. The Reims Cathedral catches on fire. Anne De Mowbray tragically and mysteriously dies and her dog is nowhere to be found. Mehmed the Conqueror also dies. Approximately 30,000 people also, also die in the Rhodes earthquake. It was a rough year. 

Also, Betsy and Amy campaign hard to convince Kim to start watching "The Great."

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Intro Music: "Horse Race" by EstherGarcia.

https://www.ancient.eu/Mehmed_II/

https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/anne-de-mowbray/anne-de-mowbray-the-royal-child-bride/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/debate-over-rebuilding-ensued-when-beloved-french-cathedral-was-shelled-during-wwi-180971999/

https://www.pariscityvision.com/en/france/champagne/reims-cathedral

https://walkingontravels.com/reims-cathedral-france/

https://frenchmoments.eu/reims-cathedral/#The_construction_of_a_grand_Gothic_church

https://curate.nd.edu/show/x346d220v7h

https://thetourguy.com/travel-blog/the-reims-cathedral-guide-with-history-and-facts/

The decade dames travel back into time for a NEW decade - the 1480s, of course! 

Join Betsy, Kim, and Amy as they talk about Ferdinand and Isabella, Lucrezia Borgia, the reuse of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and the Spanish Inquisition.  

Listen now to get all the details.

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Intro Music: "Horse Race" by EstherGarcia.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-II-king-of-Spainhttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Isabella-I-queen-of-Spain

 

https://medium.com/@kathycopelandpadden/ferdinand-and-isabella-power-couple-extraordinaire-7bbd5b640356

 

http://persweb.wabash.edu/facstaff/royaltyr/AncientCities/web/rel%20372%20project/LIGHTHOUSE.htm

https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/what-was-spanish-inquisition-facts-heretic-heresy-trial/

 

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/greece/paganism/pharos.html

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/underwater-cultural-heritage/about-the-heritage/underwater-museums/alexandria-museum-project/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/raising-alexandria-151005550/

http://www.unmuseum.org/mob/pharos.htm

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sunken/empereur.html

The decade is the 1920s and we're done talking about it!

Join Betsy, Kim, and Amy as they do a quick rundown of what they missed from the 1920s. Surprise - there's a lot!

King Tut's tomb is found by being clumsy, Natural Bridge State Park is established, a gruesome mystery strikes Hinterkaifeck, and Agatha Christie goes missing but then also comes back!

Listen now to get all the details.

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Intro Music: "Just Like a Rainbow" by The Columbians, licensed under the public domain license, found at https://freemusicarchive.org/music/The_Columbians/Antique_Phonograph_Music_Program_08252015/Just_Like_A_Rainbow

https://allthatsinteresting.com/hinterkaifeck-murders

 

https://filmdaily.co/obsessions/true-crime/hinterkaifeck-farm-murders/

 

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/502044/chilling-story-hinterkaifeck-killings-germanys-most-famous-unsolved-crime

 

www.agathachristie.comwww.nytimes.com/2019/06/11/books/agatha-christie-vanished-11-days-1926.amp.htmlhttps://allthatsinteresting.com/agatha-christie-disappearance

 

https://crimereads.com/agatha-christies-greatest-mystery-was-left-unsolved/

 

https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Investigates_the_Teapot_Dome_Scandal.htm

 

http://www.redrivergorgeguide.com/natural-bridge-state-park.html

 

http://environmentalhistory.org/20th-century/roaring-1920s/