This week's episode is all about Reading. We will go through the entire process from the moment light hits the retina (50-100ms) to formulating speech (600ms or so). That is, either speaking out loud or silently speaking while reading, a phenomena called subvocalization. We do this when reading to the self. Either way, we speak while reading.

We will compare so called normal readers, the Autistic phenotype, and dyslexia, and at times the odd contrasts of the Autistic phenotype AND dyslexia. Lots of neurobiology, measurement instruments, brain waves (oscillations, frequencies), however, I will hopefully provide easy to understand analogies.

The entire reading process is covered.

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00:00 - Overview of reading process and neurobiology

03:28 - Visual processing in V1 (primary visual cortex), V2-V4 (secondary visual cortex)

4:42 - Neuroplasticity of Blind using V1-V4 for Braille

07:17 - Neural oscillations (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma)

10:07 - Visual word form area (VWFA) recognizes patterns, begins sequencing letters & recognizes the word, Example: "d-o-g" & 'd' not 'b', 'o' not 'c,' 'g' not 'p.'

13:01 - Phonological processing in temporal-parietal cortex

15:54 - Fractional anisotropy (FA) & Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and arcuate fasciculus; Myelination, Water Flow, Garden Hose example

18:06 - Detailed discussion of orthographic processing begins (VWFA’s role in recognizing visual word forms)

21:26 - Detailed discussion of cerebellum’s role in eye movements begins (Purkinje cells and saccades)

24:07 - Detailed discussion of spelling difficulties begins (orthographic processing challenges in autism/dyslexia)

27:41 - Detailed discussion of semantic integration begins (delays in dyslexia, inferior frontal gyrus)

30:55 - Detailed discussion of orthographic confusion begins (e.g., "except" vs. "expert")

33:30 - Detailed discussion of phonological processing begins (temporal-parietal cortex mapping words to sounds)

34:18 - Cerebellum mentioned regarding tongue movements (Purkinje cells refine timing for speech)

36:10 - Subvocalization in silent reading

37:07 - Oscillations in VWFA for autistic phenotype; Comprehension lags in Autism due to delayed N400

39:19 Daylight Computer Company (and Daylight Kids !), use "autism" for $50 discount

41:40 Chroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount

44:52 Reviews/Ratings, Contact Info

X: https://x.com/rps47586

YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGxEzLKXkjppo3nqmpXpzuA

email: [email protected]