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Hannibal of Carthage, one of history's greatest military strategists, almost brought the Roman Republic to its knees.

As a boy, he swore eternal enmity against Rome, leading him to cross the Alps with his diverse army and elephants, stunning the Romans.

Despite his victories, he never managed to capture Rome, but his legacy of brilliance and determination remains.

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Meet Mobutu Sese Seko, the man who rose from a lowly army officer to become the autocratic ruler of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Wearing his signature leopard-skin hat, Mobutu rebranded the country as Zaire and himself as a symbol of African pride.

Despite his charismatic persona and lavish lifestyle, his regime left the country impoverished, highlighting the dangers of unchecked power and corruption.

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In this episode, we'll explore the complex world of minimum wage laws, from their surprising origins in Australia and New Zealand to modern debates around their effectiveness.

Do they protect the lowest-paid workers, or do they do more damage than good?

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In 2011, Egypt erupted in protest, toppling a 30-year regime.

What began as a grassroots movement against an autocratic leader turned into a complex struggle for democracy and power.

In this episode, we'll travel through the events that led from the hopeful dawn of revolution to the military's return to power, and see how social media and global events played pivotal roles in shaping modern Egypt.

• Egypt's conditions ripe for revolution in 2011 
• Hosni Mubarak's rule and use of emergency laws 
• Impact of Tunisian Revolution on Egypt 
• Rise of protests on Egyptian Police Day 2011 
• Role of social media in Egyptian protests 
• Mubarak's resignation and military's interim government 
• Muslim Brotherhood's rise and Morsi's presidency 
• Morsi's overreach and public dissatisfaction 
• Army's intervention and Sisi's rise to power 
• Repression and return to authoritarian rule under Sisi

 Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/egyptian-revolution

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In this episode, we'll explore the eerie events of the Salem Witch Trials, a chilling tale of suspicion, fear, and injustice in 17th-century Massachusetts.  

Discover how a village turned against itself, leading to the execution of innocent people amidst accusations of witchcraft, and consider the theories behind what really happened. 

• The harsh winter of 1692 in Massachusetts 
• Puritans' fear of the devil and witchcraft 
• Witch accusations in Salem Village 
• Tituba's confession and impact 
• Spectral evidence in Salem court trials 
• Tragic outcomes of the witch trials 
• Ergot fungus and mass hysteria theories 
• Social tensions and personal vendettas in Salem 
• Aftermath and attempts to right wrongs 
• Exoneration of Elizabeth Johnson Jr. in 2022

 Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/salem-witch-trials

Episode about The History of Witches: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/witches
"Weird history" episodes: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcast-tags/weird-history
"Horror" episodes: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcast-tags/horror

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In part one of this three-part mini-series, we'll explore the captivating life of T.E. Lawrence, the British archaeologist and army officer known as "Lawrence of Arabia."  

Discover how he fought alongside Arabian tribesmen during World War I in their quest for independence, all while knowing an uncomfortable secret. 

• The early life and interests of T.E. Lawrence 
• Lawrence's work as an archaeologist in the Middle East 
• The Ottoman Empire and World War I context 
• Lawrence's role with Arab forces against Ottomans 
• The strategy of guerrilla warfare and victory at Aqaba 
• Lawrence's experience and trauma in Deraa 
• The broken promises of the Sykes-Picot Agreement 
• Lawrence's return to Britain and later life 
• The lasting impact of Lawrence on the Middle East 
• Varied perceptions of T.E. Lawrence's legacy

 Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/lawrence-arabia

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In this episode, we'll explore the fascinating history of perfume, tracing its journey from Ancient Mesopotamia to its artistic development in France.

We'll learn how scents have evolved from practical uses to luxury items, and discover the intriguing world of “grands nez,” the master perfumers who dedicate their lives to crafting these aromatic masterpieces.

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In this episode, we'll explore the life of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey.

Discover how he turned a fragmented resistance into a national movement, established a secular republic from imperial ruins, and why he’s still called "The Father of the Turks."

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In this episode of Thinking in English, host Tom Wilkinson explores the past perfect continuous tense, using the 2008 financial crisis as a case study. 

The episode covers the grammar rules and structures of the past perfect continuous tense, emphasising its usage to describe actions that started in the past, continued for some time, and were ongoing or just finished before another event. 

The lesson includes in-depth examples and concludes with a discussion on Michael Burry, who had been predicting the financial collapse for years.

Links

Website - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/

Study Pack - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish/shop/study-packs-past-present-and-future-807289

TiE Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/c/thinkinginenglish

Find Out More - https://linktr.ee/thinkinginenglishpod

00:00 Introduction

01:39 Grammar Lesson

04:42 Financial Crisis and Past Perfect Continuous

10:56 Final Thought

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In this episode, we'll explore the incredible story of Percy Fawcett, a daring British explorer who vanished in the Amazon rainforest while searching for the mythical city he called "Z."

Often compared to a real-life Indiana Jones, Fawcett's life was filled with adventure, mystery, and a relentless quest to prove the Amazon held secrets beyond our imagination.

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