We’ve had many discussions about the technical aspects of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty on BackTable MSK. However, in this episode, we take a deeper look into the history of these procedures, exploring early research controversies and the challenges that threatened their existence. Our host, Dr. Jacob Fleming, is joined in the BackTable Studio by interventional neuroradiologist Dr. Joshua Hirsch, who was in San Diego for the ASSR 2025 meeting. Dr. Hirsch is the Chief of the Interventional Spine Service at Massachusetts General Hospital.

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This podcast is supported by:

Medtronic MVP

https://www.medtronic.com/en-us/healthcare-professionals/products/spinal-orthopedic.html#aq=%40pagetype%3D%22product-model%22&cq=%40products_category%3D%22Spinal%20and%20orthopedic%22%20OR%20%40ontology_isa%3D%22Spinal%20and%20orthopedic%22

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SYNPOSIS

Dr. Hirsch begins by outlining the historical origins of radiologists using cement injection and how this practice evolved into vertebroplasty. He then highlights early research on the procedure, focusing on key 2009 NEJM papers that sparked both scientific and public controversy, leading to setbacks in research and disparities in access to life-changing care. Since that time, newer studies have demonstrated the clear benefits of spinal augmentation for patients with vertebral insufficiency fractures, including Dr. Hirsch’s own research showing a mortality benefit compared to nonsurgical treatment. Overall, the doctors discuss how far this field has advanced and the exciting developments currently in progress.

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TIMESTAMPS

00:00 - Introduction

03:09 - Historical Origins of Vertebroplasty

07:08 - Development and Evolution of Vertebroplasty

10:21 - Controversy Over 2009 Randomized Control Trials

16:35 - Disparities in Access to Vertebroplasty

21:01 - Dr. Hirsch’s Research on Mortality Benefit of Vertebroplasty

32:31 - Opportunities for Patient Education

35:29 - Vertebroplasty vs. Kyphoplasty

37:34 - Challenges in Research Interpretations and Insurance Coverage

42:26 - Future Directions in Vertebral Augmentation

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RESOURCES

Percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures: technical aspects (Jensen et al, 1997):

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8337380/

Simplicity of randomized, controlled trials of percutaneous vertebroplasty (Hirsch et al, 2003):

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16880881/

INvestigational Vertebroplasty Efficacy and Safety Trial (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial of percutaneous vertebroplasty (Gray et al, 2007):

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18096050/

A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures (Buchbinder et al, 2009):

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19657121/

A Randomized Trial of Balloon Kyphoplasty and Nonsurgical Management for Treating Acute Vertebral Compression Fractures (FREE) (Meirhaeghe et al, 2013):

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3678891/

A Randomized Trial of Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures (Kallmes et al, 2009):

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0900563

A Randomized Trial of Epidural Glucocorticoid Injections for Spinal Stenosis (Friedly et al, 2014):

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1313265

Safety and efficacy of vertebroplasty for acute painful osteoporotic fractures (VAPOUR): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Clark et al, 2016):

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)31341-1/abstract

Number Needed to Treat with Vertebral Augmentation to Save a Life (Hirsch et al, 2020):

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6975314/

Major Medical Outcomes With Spinal Augmentation vs Conservative Therapy (McCullough et al, 2013):

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/1710123

Harvey L. Neiman Policy Institute:

https://www.neimanhpi.org/