Professor Danny Altmann is a Professor of Immunology at Imperial College London in the UK. In this interview, Professor Altmann will describe the functional changes in the body that occur with Long COVID.

1. Altmann DM, Whettlock EM, Liu S, Arachchillage DJ, Boyton RJ. The

immunology of long COVID. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2023

Oct;23(10):618-34.

2.Elneima O, McAuley HJ, Leavy OC, Chalmers JD, Horsley A, Ho LP, Marks M,

Poinasamy K, Raman B, Shikotra A, Singapuri A. Cohort profile:

post-hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study. International Journal

of Epidemiology. 2024 Feb 1;53(1):dyad165.

3.Douaud G, Lee S, Alfaro-Almagro F, Arthofer C, Wang C, McCarthy P, Lange

F, Andersson JL, Griffanti L, Duff E, Jbabdi S. SARS-CoV-2 is

associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. Nature. 2022

Apr 28;604(7907):697-707.

4.Stein SR, Ramelli SC, Grazioli A, Chung JY, Singh M, Yinda CK, Winkler

CW, Sun J, Dickey JM, Ylaya K, Ko SH. SARS-CoV-2 infection and

persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy. Nature. 2022 Dec

22;612(7941):758-63.

5.Hany M, Sheta E, Talha A, Anwar M, Selima M, Gaballah M, Zidan A,

Ibrahim M, Agayby AS, Abouelnasr AA, Samir M. Incidence of persistent

SARS-CoV-2 gut infection in patients with a history of COVID-19:

Insights from endoscopic examination. Endoscopy International Open. 2024

Jan;12(01):E11-22.

6.The Candian Consensus Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

7.Long COVID is a New Name for an Old Syndrome by Steven Phillips & Michelle A Williams published in STAT First Opinion, Sept 2023.

8.Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute

sequelae of COVID-19. Nature. 2021 Jun 10;594(7862):259-64.

9.Fernández-Castañeda A, Lu P, Geraghty

AC, Song E, Lee MH, Wood J, O’Dea MR, Dutton S, Shamardani K, Nwangwu K,

Mancusi R. Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell

and myelin dysregulation. Cell. 2022 Jul 7;185(14):2452-68.

10.Patcai J. Is ‘Long Covid’similar to ‘Long SARS’?. Oxford Open Immunology. 2022 Jan 1;3(1):iqac002.