In this first-ever debate edition of Talking Euretina, Dr Rumana Hussain (Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre) introduces Professors Arun Singh (Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic), Heinrich Heimann (Liverpool Ocular Oncology Service) and Bertil Damato (Moorfields Eye Hospital) as they debate one of ocular oncology’s most enduring questions — when to operate on small choroidal melanomas. The panel examines diagnostic uncertainty, genetic risk and patient choice in determining when to treat.