To exasperate someone is to cause them irritation or annoyance, or to make them angry.

// We were all exasperated by the delays.

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"My tendency to throw remote historical observations into a conversation exasperates my wife and often results in chuckles and eye rolls from friends." — Angus Scott, The Niagara Falls (Ontario) Review, 28 Mar. 2026

Exasperate is frequently confused with exacerbate, and with good reason. Not only do these words resemble one another in spelling and pronunciation, they also at one time held exceedingly similar meanings. Exasperate is today most commonly used as a synonym of annoy, but for several hundred years it also had the meanings "to make more grievous" and "to make harsh or harsher." Exacerbate is now the more common choice when one seeks to indicate that something is becoming increasingly bitter, violent, or unpleasant. It comes in part from the Latin word acer, meaning "sharp," whereas exasperate is from asper, the Latin word for "rough." The latter is also the source of the English asperity, which can refer to the roughness of a surface or the roughness of someone's temper.