Episode 46
Depression, Neuroplasticity, and Medication Progression
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Description
In this episode we are joined by Dr. Ashley Johnson, DO to discuss depression and the progression of modern treatment.
Talking Points
Explaining current terms related to modern science such as neuroplasticity and neuromodulation. Discussing what has changed in modern treatment for depression and the exciting effects of newer methods.A mini neuroscience lesson explaining how depression damages neurons and how to help them heal with treatment for depression.Quotes
“If you take a thick rope and rub something rough back and forth on it, you’ll see that the fibers start fraying. Those frayed fibers on this rope really represent what your neurons can look like when you have suffered from an untreated mental health condition for quite some time. When they [mental health disorders] go untreated, they actually are assaulting the brain in different areas.”
-Dr. Ashley Johnson, DO
Episode Transcripts
Episode 46 Transcripts
empathy is knowing your own darkness
without that connection you don’t have
anything what’s the opposite of
well hello everyone uh welcome back to
episode of finding peaks my name is
brandon burns chief executive officer
for peaks recovery centers joined today
by our chief medical officer
dr ashley johnson and our chief
operating officer mr clinton nicholson
welcome back everybody who’s joining us
today as we spoke about on the last time
i hosted we were going to invite dr
talk about a variety of issues
surrounding patient care in the
direction of depressive major depressive
we’re going to do what we can to stick
true to depression as the topic today
but if you know how this show works if
you catch us going out in different
you already know how it works and for
those who are new this is how it works
um so here we are today uh on top of
this uh not just our chief medical
officer and i think i just want to
highlight you know really what that
means for you know peaks recovery
came into peaks and showed us a variety
of different ways about how to improve
patient care not only did you introduce
um and and bring onboard detox services
for us so that we could do a continuum
of care through peaks recovery centers
the anchor and the flagship for us
developing integrated care whatsoever
making mental health primary
a significant feature of programming and
creating that inclusion as well as us
having to kind of punch through the door
of medication-assisted treatment and
move through those kind of attitudes at
she’s done an incredible amount of work
on behalf of peaks recovery centers that
we are super grateful for
at the same time as well too
she’s branched out and created uh
colorado recovery solutions uh for which
she’s the ceo and founder of as well too
and we’ll get into more of what those
services um include uh in that regard
but a lot of fantastic things happening
um that you’re a part of and i think uh
for the viewers out there as well too um
you all know me my job here is wanting
to disrupt an industry and i think uh dr
ashley johnson here i’m just gonna go to
dr j because that’s what we call her at
the office dr j here um is a big part of
this disruption and i think in a really
beautiful and vibrant way and so we’re
uh these topics today and get right into
um through your vision at colorado
recovery solutions um what do you see as
needing to be disrupted from an industry
perspective and i’m sure that’s a loaded
question and maybe there’s a lot to
dive into there but i think maybe at
just a high level in a general sense
through the lens of psychiatry
that is not working for which you
forward i think what i what i see most
and what drives me the most is what a
psychiatrists are seeing too
is it’s just this exciting kind of
and so that is what really drives uh
changing the path of our approach um
so for for decades it was just
medication we had to wait for the next
mechanism really to come out
especially with depression
which is one of the most debilitating
mental health conditions and
so we’ve just gone through probably
we had a new mechanism of action come
out and then it wasn’t until the
in probably around 1990 or so
was prozac it came out first and then
zoloft was soon to follow
and they are amazingly still the
what we have also found out over the
is that you can’t expect full remission
of symptoms especially with depression
first line medication for many different
generalized anxiety so all of those are
really kind of top of the list
especially when you come into peaks and
now this primary mental health
someone who has a primary substance use
we have to think differently about it
and so because depression is probably
we are going to see a vast majority of
primary mental health patients who come
to peaks for stabilization
have major depressive disorder
it just makes sense that we look at the
the next best treatment past medications
that has now emerged as tms
or transcranial magnetic stimulation and
i’m glad you said it because i was like
don’t mess it up brandon but you have
the language so that’s perfect
it took a lot of practice
and then i just went back to calling it
it’s a safe place for me too
uh really neuromodulation as kind of
really two different emerging categories
there’s a couple different forms of
first it was just your basic
generic ketamine that was first used um
and it’s a it’s a very short acting
anesthetic dissociative anesthetic and
um and so for again decades we were
using it and then just incidentally
found that it had an extremely potent
antidepressant effect and so
practitioners started noticing this and
and said well why why not just go ahead
and give access to the psychiatric
disorders really people who are
suffering where we haven’t made a whole
improvement again since the ssris came
that was primarily for depression where
we saw people really just coming back
i guess dosing and then over time we
understanding the bioavailability of
is the best way for people to get
the best effect and the most exposure
if you want a an extremely effective
version of ketamine therapy you want to
do infusion and so infusion
infusion versus spravato which is the
nasal spray that’s still that just came
and is still on patent of course
is much more difficult to
but the bioavailability of sprovato as a
is it’s it’s actually s ketamine
um which is just a slight change in the
ketamine is 100 bioavailable
whereas s ketamine or sprovato
bioavailable through nasal spray
and so that you can kind of
associate the differences in its effect
based on that bioavailability
when you deliver that drug through
it has to go through many different
stages of processing through the body
whereas infusion can bypass many of
those kind of filters in your body
to where you get much more effect from
you brought up if you don’t interrupt if
you brought up two really interesting
concepts that i think are worth kind of
mentioning again which uh the idea of
neuromodulation and neuroplasticity and
i’m wondering if you could speak to that
a little bit just for the audience so
that they recognize because that those
concepts like you’ve mentioned really
have sort of changed our approach and
kind of our understanding of what
uh the ability or capacity for
long-lasting change and recovery
actually really looks like in somebody’s
day-to-day life um so i’m wondering if
you could speak to that from the
psychiatric standpoint what the
importance of that concept of
neuroplasticity and neuro modulation
it’s not so much that that concept is
new from medications however it seems
these treatments that i’ve mentioned and
as well as even better understanding
psychotherapy or talk therapy
your traditional oral medications
like we mentioned the ssris
all of those actually have
an effect on your neuroplasticity if
right uh it’s just some are more
effective at it than others so that’s
is that they really kind of showed up on
having a neuromodulatory effect on the
that could cause a faster healing
process basically we were seeing the
than if you did long-term psychotherapy
that’s time limited if you did you know
in 12 weeks and then you did occasional
you could see the effects
if you did six infusions of ketamine
if now what we’re finding is that the
the neuromodulatory effect is so much
more improved if you have a ketamine
or even oral ketamine while you’re doing
therapy right so now we’ve combined it
while there are lots of therapists out
there doing that i don’t think we quite
know yet um the impact of this and how
positive it’s going to be
and just so much more effective that’s
what’s so exciting to me about it
absolutely for treatment resistant
yeah i think that you know brandon spoke
to you um really sort of creating this
interdisciplinary culture at peaks and
establishing that through a really
robust medical program but the it’s the
integration and sort of the
collaboration of the clinical world and
the medical world that where we really
start to see that where we can have the
most efficacy as far as change in and
sort of taking advantage of that the
sort of neuromodulatory effects of
what makes this very exciting these
types of collaborations and the fact
to a degree you know at least the
concepts may have been around a while
but our understanding of them has
improved our ability to approach them in
a more in a fresh more um innovative
fashion is also really improved and then
when you bring the two worlds together
exponential impact which we’re just now
starting to really to kind of explore
and see what how that works and how that
engages and really does improve the
treatment of clients and just quality of
care in general so it’s pretty um it’s
it’s an interesting and fun time to be a
neuro nerd basically it is it is yeah it
really is absolutely and for me i mean i
think the brain is the is the new
frontier it’s the final frontier as far
as our understanding of of everything
about us as individuals and how we work
and how we function and so bringing in
these kind of new um and uh or or kind
of more innovative approaches to
treatment is really exciting
it is yeah absolutely and and you gave
um and i’m curious for because i’m
hearing neuromodulation and
neuroplasticity and you know at the end
of the day how how we might be able to
simplify it through you know a metaphor
and what that healing mechanism actually
looks like and you gave uh
a beautiful presentation and training
opportunity for staff a few weeks ago as
well too around the subject and you um
in describing the neuropathway and what
was happening i think you brought up the
metaphor of a rope and it being frayed
if that still is applicable here and has
context i would certainly love for you
to re-review that metaphor on behalf of
the viewers um so that we can bring
big encyclopedia style terms into you
know something that’s a little bit more
palatable yes try to get it down to less
so i love the that metaphor of uh
if you were to kind of take your
you know a piece of the brain and kind
of smush it and you would see all the
different nerves or even throughout your
and in neurons which are kind of long
what we had talked about was that
if you take a big rope um like you might
port somewhere around ships and things
um and and you just kind of take
something rough like a brick or or
whatnot and you just rub it on the rope
really hard like a hemp rope and
you’ll start to see the fibers start
fraying right and so those frayed fibers
on this rope really represent what your
can look like if you have suffered from
an untreated mental health condition for
quite some time like years
absolutely major depression generalized
and ptsd and ocd all fit into that
category they can all really when
they’re untreated and they go on for
they actually are assaulting the brain
in different areas of the brain
through the different hormone cycles
that are being released the
dysregulated and that kind of thing so
like all the chemicals and such that are
swirling around the brain
they are so disregulated that they’re
actually assaulting the brain and so
those conditions can over time kind of
almost shrink parts of your brain
uh again if it’s untreated and so that’s
why it is so important to
intervene early in these processes if we
assign the diagnosis figure it out
through someone’s history
and then we can come back to what we
and by applying even the medications we
when all of those are applied
those frayed fibers from the rope
are kind of like smoothed out it’s
a substance that kind of clears that
rope off of the yes like a like a wax is
good uh analogy as well so then once you
go and you pour the wax on the rope you
can’t feel those fibers anymore and
that’s really what your nerves
will then look like as they are healing
if you were to look at them under the
once you have undergone some of these
treatments right and especially if you
achieve full remission meaning all of
and you kind of return to full
i mean the english major me just loves
the metaphor so yeah yeah yeah
and as a philosophy major was always
told not to use metaphors i think i
think it’s a great metaphor
in that in that regard as well too um so
there’s oh there’s so many different
branches we could fire off from here uh
on but i think flat out speaking
somebody comes in with a major
depressive disorder before we were um as
a medicalized system or through the lens
of psychiatris a psychiatry really
looking at uh these opportunities it was
just medication right and when it was
just medication or assuming medication
um you know there’s a reason in which we
kind of want to move away from it and
that reason to me seems to be that there
isn’t a great uh deal there isn’t a
significant probability that all
individuals will get well under
medication that at some point it feels
like we’re throwing darts in the dark in
before diving more into these you know
unique value propositions that you’ve
created and brought into colorado
springs and certainly supported peaks
colorado recovery solutions what is the
efficacy of medications in the direction
major depressive disorders at this time
what we can expect is about 30 percent
any one of these first-line medications
ssris which again is prozac zoloft
lexapro those are the common ones that
maybe 30 of those people who are
prescribed those meds will get 30
improvement in their symptoms of
and then it continues down the line
prozac zoloft lex pro if it doesn’t work
standard of care is that you would then
either try a different ssri or you would
switch classes of medications and that
prescribing world would mean that you
would go to an snri usually
is most common and so that would be your
effexor which is venlafaxin or cymbalta
you might somewhere in there try
wilbutrin which is its own unique
mechanism it’s a stimulating
if you have anxiety you don’t typically
but it can be a potent antidepressant in
generally speaking you would go down
kind of algorithm of decision making if
someone doesn’t respond at any one level
of that or any treatment there and so
every time you fail a medication
generally means that you have less of a
chance of getting better with a new
it’s still worth a try generally
speaking because medications
oral medications meaning by mouth
the side effect profile with ssris and
again are all those i just mentioned uh
the side effect profile is very low
at least in regards to if you are
weighing the risks and benefits of do i
go on continuing to suffer from
or do i try a new medication
the benefit does outweigh the risk
of the side effects or even
the fact that it may not work
so that’s that’s really the cycle we’ve
we didn’t talk about this prior to
coming on here so uh feel free to just
say we didn’t talk about this we’re not
talking about it but it reminds me of
like when i i think this is how tylenol
works right let’s say i have a headache
right because of dehydration i’m not
aware that i need to drink water but i
in american culture one of those quick
external strategies isn’t to explore hey
am i did i drink enough water today it’s
like no i have a headache advil you know
or thailand all night prescribe that for
myself over the counter in the moment i
give it to myself um it’s not clear to
me that when i take it that i’ve
actually resolved the core issue that
the medication is in fact
at least in the way that i’m perceiving
it right now is just distracting me from
the fact that i still have this ongoing
headache because i have not drank enough
and if that’s true about how those work
at least in those moments as a
distracting feature how much
do those medications when they’re
are they working in a similar way of
where they’re not actually smoothing out
the rope in the way that you know
ketamine infusion and tms is actually
doing um is it more of a distracting
feature and it’s still frayed or in time
is it actually smoothing out that rope
yes that’s a that’s a great question so
the way i would look at it is
and what i tell my patients is
when we’re starting an ssri or an
antidepressant in general is that this
it is a neuro regenerative
and it if you take it consistently which
is every day for the most part with all
of these medications you have to take it
every day you have to allow your
body to to reach a steady state of the
and then allow it to remain at a steady
state level for weeks before you will
on your depression or anxiety and
it is actually stopping the assaultive
process on your brain’s nerve so it’s
or whatever it was this razor blade that
that whatever was scraping across this
rope and fraying it it’s like it’s
removing that from the process it’s
putting it’s stopping it but it may it
at least not in the immediate sense it’s
pouring the wax over the rope to smooth
it out that takes probably at least a
of you taking the medication
really doing consistent psychotherapy
so there’s no modulation neuromodulation
giving it’s taking the brick away and
then allowing the rope to stay there the
distracting feature of the medication is
that i no longer experience the fraying
the major depression and that sort of
uh because we have these natural uh
cellular you know remodulation that’ll
take place independent of all these
things in the background it’s slowly
healing itself now whereas
under the new lens of like ketamine
infusion for example it’s an immediate
remodul remodulating of the the the
yes uh it still requires uh repetition
and then it still may require boosters
but it’s quicker and so like with the
medications the oral medications
if you’re gonna pour wax over the rope
right it’s like taking a candle a tiny
little candle that’s burning
i mean if you had a rope like as big as
that would probably you know could
easily take a long time yeah a couple
inconsistent therapy and medication to
achieve the healing that you might
uh through tms or ketamine and so with
is right now we think that
double the effectiveness of medication
with a six week actually about more like
so speaking of the time frame that it
takes you know because it
we have a 45-day residential program in
which medications are first line of
defense we usually start those
seeing the efficacy of those take effect
is going to take weeks sometimes um and
we only have six of them right so we
start the medication right away the
clinical interventions start right away
the psychotherapy the sort of
intervention strategy happens right off
the bat but we know that’s going to take
time and that really that is the healing
mechanism at that point it’s
we have a shortened model we have a
shortened amount of time and now we have
new interventions or more
interventions that have become more
is it appropriate then to start
ketamine or start tms right off the bat
in order to kind of almost as a jump
start to that process does that make
sense from a medical perspective
it does and uh i i don’t think of it as
model of care right where it fits in the
continuum of care for substance use
it’s the first week of treatment about
right so it’s it’s removing the
helping keep someone comfortable
until they can kind of get back
to somewhat of their baseline right
they’re still going to need to go
through a few weeks of stabilization in
this the substance that was also
and then we’re kind of in the clear is
how we look at it medically cleared
basically to then apply these other
treatments that are more rapid in their
you know participating in the group
therapy the individual therapy
especially at peaks and the the model of
we also can start the the oral
medication at that time too because
s ketamine or sprovato tms they all work
as augmenters of the oral medication as
well as the psychotherapy
instead of let’s say we have someone who
comes to us with treatment resistant
depression and suicidal ideations which
in order for them to really
be able to bypass going to the hospital
these new treatments especially ketamine
can help stabilize someone like that so
that they can continue in the program
and then with repeated administrations
of the infusion or sprovato
it actually is helping propel them into
really seamlessly together and should at
least now our systems may not our
financial systems and such i was going
to might not help us with that a little
disruptive for a second because knowing
what we know about the efficacy of these
treatment interventions and strategies
the access to them is is does not
necessarily align with what our
treatment trajectory would look like
specifically within this timeline the
sort of chronological timeline we want
people in right away and insurance
companies are not necessarily allowing
that and i’m just curious want to be
why that is and what we can do within
our industry and as disruptors of this
industry to try to change that
sort of collaboration with
organizations like yours and companies
like yours like crs so as a psychiatrist
what do you think is our best strategy
to make these changes and make them
my first approach is to just comply
with whatever they tell me to do
in order to get my hands on the
treatment or be able to give access to
my patients as i just do what they tell
that’s what i’m doing right now and kind
have fulfilled many of these
from insurance companies from the fda
which you know a lot of those kind of
things from the fda and what
what’s bravado is controlled by is
called a rims program so that stands for
risk evaluation and mitigation strategy
and so that’s overseen by the fda the
and jansen who created spravato and so
provide spervato to any given person
with major treatment resistant major
and or acute suicidal ideations we have
to comply with their program
in order for the drug to be safely
administered and not diverted basically
we encourage that approach yeah sure
right yes uh safety first absolutely
but then come the insurance companies uh
is so how do you comply with everything
they want you to because they all have
despite what different interpretations
of the studies the literature about
these different treatments and so they
all their different criteria or i look
is always looming in there somewhere so
so in my approach i learned their game i
basically how do you give access to
these treatments in their most effective
the evidence that we have for them
and then how do you advocate to the
on the behalf of your patients so that
when when they’re denied which all of
these ketamine infusion aside
it is not covered by any insurance
many different reasons it’s generic it’s
there’s no patent for a company to
really take it and advertise it to
all these different companies and such
that is really if you think about it
while ketamine infusion is invasive in
should suggest in our culture that you
supporting this treatment really and
out because it’s affordable more
insurance has embraced sprivado
of course go through this prior
form for everything that i’ve mentioned
tms bravado even med management
at its basic level we have to go through
figuring out the benefits and such and
the millions of different plans and such
but it’s it’s in the times when you you
spend a lot of time with the patient
filling out the prior authorization you
slam dunk of a case this person has just
from treatment resistant depression
you’ve justified all that through all
the med trials that they’ve gone through
through the duration of their major
depressive episode and then um
it’s possible through some technicality
that’s written in the insurance um
policy about tms or academy or spravato
that they’ll say oh wait no we don’t
the overlap of when you tried lexapro
was one month outside of what you
documented as the current episode of
so we don’t count that as a medication
you know i think you have to really get
all of the literature so that you can
really you have to kind of go into a
with the other physician on the other
line who is saying no this doesn’t
qualify i’m going to go ahead and deny
this and you can just barely keep them
from hanging the phone up on you
get your point across with them
they still say without any kind of basis
we’re just not going to approve this
today you need to either go to an appeal
or resubmit it or sorry you’re just out
that takes hours out of your day
and the whole time that the patient is
still suffering absolutely and the risk
is mounting absolutely for how
debilitated they may be from their
if they’re suicidal yeah you know what
may happen and these are people who are
not in the hospital that we’re trying to
help keep them out of the hospital um
which ultimately saves insurance
companies money so there’s this element
of irony to it all and the thing is
yeah and i i think i just i i’d like to
talk about it because this is the world
in which we live right this is the
we we have these new and amazing uh
intervention strategies at our disposal
but not necessarily always accessible
and that is um and that’s frustrating
and i think it’s valuable to talk about
it yeah oh a hundred percent and it and
from uh you know you know my
frustrations of course and all the
episodes i’ve done around treatment
centers websites hope and save and all
these words have behind it a great deal
of complexity to actually
bring the individual forward to which
now they start feeling hopeful and um
this is such a wonderful discussion but
for the sake of time for sure because
the kids on the social media only have
so much attention span i think they’ve
with the rope analogy so i think we got
that much across in this moment i just
wanted to uh before i before i uh take
us home and uh out of this room uh at
least for this time until you come back
with uh jason friesma uh in the
how long does it take is it neuro uptake
i forget the language of when you
take an ssri say you know it’s zoloft or
lexapro whatever the case might be how
long does that actually take before the
individual for the 30 that it may work
for how long does it take for them to
actually start experiencing that is it
immediate is it weeks what can what does
you know at least four to six weeks
before you get the max effect of the
dose that you are currently taking
you might feel some effect in the first
it’s not going to be the full effect
and then at four to six weeks
if you don’t have full remission of your
depression at that time you always want
to look at what a net would the next
indicated here and usually it is usually
you just go on up if you haven’t had
side effects to the to the drug
and if you have had side effects and
the standard of care is that you have to
wait that out so you can’t go up on the
unless you’re just willing to accept
that those side effects may get worse
and then you have to wait it out again
strenuous laborious process for any one
person who’s suffering from depression
or extreme anxiety even to
have to wait that out and then
if it doesn’t work on the first
go-around to have to do it again
and then give up if that that one
um do have augmenting strategies we can
try sometimes that does help it kind of
take control a little bit better
not all levels of medicine and at least
practitioners are comfortable doing the
augmentation strategies with different
then becomes another risk
and so uh and then access to care
in regards to tms and and spravato
is so much more difficult
then then your risks just continue to
mount and the suffering continues to
and the vast majority of people
you know money flowing out of them to
just kind of yeah pay out of pocket for
any one of these treatments
and and for instance bravado
if you paid out of pocket for that could
fifteen hundred dollars in
i’m calculating in my head what may be
the average of someone how many
administrations someone might have
uh to actually stabilize on sprovato
you know at least eight in the first
they’re already paying for their health
insurance right so they can barely
afford that and then it doesn’t um
oftentimes cover it so yeah it’s a it’s
yeah well it i i think that uh so one of
the things that i just want to challenge
viewers on especially in relationship to
addiction treatment centers you know
even mental health primary centers when
you get to all of our brilliant websites
we are stating we treat things like dual
diagnosis and dual diagnosis as a
category could be i have a major
depressive episode taking place right
now and yeah i was smoking pot six
months ago or you know maybe engaged in
some other you know abuse around drugs
and alcohol but this is the primary
our admissions lines are always so
passionate to bring people in to be the
opportunity to be the treatment episode
that provides these services
but i think for me and the caution to
the wind here is is that if our only
shot at this is to you know dole out
medications ssris or otherwise that we
have a fairly limited opportunity to
actually treat what we say we can treat
at the end of the day and that really
resonates with me and calls upon
watching this aware of this information
move in the direction of the creation of
these advanced services and on top of
or these services through colorado
recovery solutions that dr aj has
the community here in colorado springs
and certainly been supportive of our
patient demographic coming through
uh there needs to be these alternatives
uh what we can also hear out of this
discussion is like there is a whole
insurance side of thing in payment
platform and a fragmentation that is uh
right for disruption in this regard in a
really big way because it is in the way
of okay now we know meds aren’t going to
work or it’s going to take four to six
weeks but the person’s suffering right
now and how do we get ahead of that in
this moment so i think it calls upon all
of us to do a better job to lean into
resources and where we’re going so kind
of to you know recapitulate what’s going
on it seems like the problem within
psychiatry at least in the past has been
kind of just waiting for the
pharmaceutical industry to create
something for us and then to get behind
it and then hopefully there’s enough
money behind it for the insurers to come
in and say okay we’ll provide this
we can’t wait anymore mental health and
depression and anxiety especially over
the last two years are just skyrocketing
american citizens and certainly around
the world and so we’re in the need of
new solutions and through platforms
such as colorado recovery solutions that
jay here has created on behalf of this
community and is working with peaks
defragment our situation seems like the
new opportunities and where this is
headed for which we should all be
but slightly discouraged by um
amount of time it may take to actually
get all of this to come together so
thank you so much for coming on and
talking about this with us it’s a really
important topic especially around
generalized anxiety there are solutions
that are out there and available to the
community and through treatment centers
peaks but at the end of the day
the situation is extraordinary and it
calls upon all of us to do better and to
have these discussions and to
represent what the limitations are so
that people can appreciate why these
solutions exist and where we’re headed
as always signing off here at peaks find
us on finding peaks at peaksrecovery.com
dr uh johnson here is going to be on uh
next week’s finding peaks episode as
well so if there’s more questions
thoughts ideas that you want to ask in
her direction uh please let us know
about that so we can address that at
that time certainly won’t be the only
episode i think there’s a we could go on
for weeks about this uh these topics in
general uh as you all know chris burns
is doing awesome fun videos on the tick
tock follow the peaks recovery tick tock
page so you can hear loud screams of
a little bit different than the
discussions that i’m generally having uh
again the facebooks the twitters
you kids all know what’s going on out
there thanks for being with us and being
these uh technical and detailed uh
issues that are going on especially
around depression and until next time