Episode 54
Exploring Depression: Therapy, Medication, and Lifestyle Changes
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Description
In this exciting episode, we are joined by renowned Dr. Ilardi, to discuss his knowledge on treating Major Depressive Disorder with therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.
Talking Points
Going over different perspectives on how to treat depressionReviewing how meds for depression work in the brain Explaining some simple lifestyle changes that can help immensely Clarifying how the environment that contributed to the depression needs to be changed in a positive manner in order for any treatment to be successfulQuotes
“I feel like, depression is so much more treacherous than we give it credit for being. It is so much harder to fix, it is fixable, completely fixable, but it is so much harder to get it right and keep somebody well. We do our patients a grave disservice by being very cavalier and saying things like, these meds are like magic. When really, the meds are helpful but they’re not all that for so many patients. But if we are willing to really take it seriously, like you all do at Peaks, that’s what I get really excited about.”
-Dr. Stephen Ilardi, Ph.D. Professor, Clinical Neuroscientist
Episode Resources:
‘The Depression Cure’ by Stephen S. Ilardi, PhD
Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC)
Episode Transcripts
Episode 54 Transcripts
empathy is knowing your own darkness
without that connection you don’t have
anything what’s the opposite of
another special episode of finding peaks
this is a special episode we got a
special guest with us today and i’m
to be a part of this group dynamic uh
today and we’re gonna also have an
additional episode uh coming soon as
well too or thereafter however it works
out in the time frame of things but
again welcome my name is brandon burns
chief executive officer for peaks
recovery centers you all know me your
favorite host trying to disrupt an
industry provide quality of care vision
insights for family systems
seeking treatment so that we can empower
you all to make best possible decisions
for your loved one for yourself and so
forth joined today as always by the
great clinton nicholson chief operating
to join us today the heavy-hitting dr
ryan md board-certified addictionologist
with us today uh at peaks recovery
what’s that chief medical officer i am
so sorry chief medical officer wow that
we’ll rewind the tape we’ll fix it
special guest today dr stephen elardy
clinical psychologist researcher
professor university of kansas and
author of the depression cure the book
and joining us here today to talk about
depression major depressive disorders
all of its variations some anxiety maybe
we’ll tackle some sud along the way
hey thank you so much for having me it’s
i i’m in such a gas company i didn’t
realize the great yeah the great the
chief medical officer yeah
favorite podcast host or whatever you
i this is like some pretty pretty high
cotton that is pretty impressive i i so
i’m honored to be yeah trying to give
you some highlights too because you run
your own podcast as well too you know
that’s a new thing okay it’s it’s i
dabble i don’t know maybe some folks out
there could identify with this i get
so like you know i’ve done nba
i’ve written blogs for espn i’ve
done a podcast now youtube channel
you know it it this is new train for me
though so being on camera it’s like
well now you know you can come on and
say you were the greatest host and mean
it when you say it and just really give
yourself all the credit i’m taking notes
they’re the mental notes right now but
yeah absolutely absolutely the viewers
at home are like yeah i think he is the
that’s gonna be in my bag
so yeah thank you for being here excited
about this group and this bunch that we
have to really talk about
major depressive disorder
the symptomology of it and so forth and
the potential for the cure for it and
the remission of symptoms and so forth
as the viewers know we’ve done some
episodes with you know for example uh dr
ashley johnson a do psychiatrist with
colorado recovery services
here in town doing tms services and a
lot of great psychiatric work and what
the reason for highlighting that is
because in those episodes we talked
about medication um the benefits of it
also its limitations and the excitement
around new opportunities like tms and
sitting here with uh you know dr o’lardy
and certainly uh dr ryan johnson here we
want to uh i think reintroduce that as a
topic and highlight it through a
and have a really good conversation
about it the pros of it the cons of it
uh in that regard and a little bit more
of a backdrop and we were talking about
this earlier as well too you know when
you go to each and every single
addiction treatment center’s website it
says we treat dual diagnosis we can
treat this thing called major depressive
and generally out of that i think it’s
something like here’s depression and six
months ago you know the pot smoking was
taking place or the drug use and so
forth and somehow our industry keeps
trying to make it about this thing over
here and i think what that’s led to from
an industry standard is uh limitations
about how we treat major depression
major depression so certainly here at
peaks we’re trying to you know work
alongside you know individuals like you
to really advance new insights education
as an outcome a reduction in symptoms
around major depressive disorder and do
more than just med management certainly
meds are important but you have a
great deal of analogies and insights
into this so i’m just going to let you
fire away and then we’re just going to
wrap around and talk about it with you
okay well thanks yeah so the first thing
i want to say is somebody earlier this
morning when i was getting to know the
mentioned you know the common thread
everything that takes place at peaks
is you’re dealing first and foremost
whether or not somebody is battling
clinical depression whether they’re
battling a substance use disorder
associated anxiety or any of the other
and there’s a through line that really
connects substance use disorders and
depression and that is reduced
activity in the brain’s reward circuits
and probably a lot of the audience have
heard of brain chemical dopamine which
is the go-to signaling molecule in those
there’s a syndrome that goes along with
it our fancy we got a fancy word you
ready you know it the audience may not
and had anhedonia from the latin
no hedonic no no pleasure right
the dopamine-based reward circuits in
clinical depression don’t fire so the
person now doesn’t enjoy their normal
activities the way they used to they
don’t have sex drive anymore they don’t
the person who is battling substance use
when they stop using what we typically
find is their dopamine reward circuits
they they’ve been kind of kicked into
artificially high modes of activity with
in this state maybe they’ve gotten
but they’re they’re in recovery and they
often have a lot of craving
and the reward circuits are throbbing in
and they’re going through day-to-day
life often feeling like things are kind
blunted things are kind of dim and pale
and life doesn’t have the vivid colors
well guess what that’s exactly what my
and we see the same kinds of underlying
neurological deficits in both and what
many of the same strategies that can
with that suffering and loss of pleasure
and depression can also help in
addiction so to bring it back around
what about the role of medication what
about their old drugs well it sounds
kind of ironic and i don’t know if you
want to go down this rabbit hole but the
idea of using drugs to treat substance
use disorder strikes some people as
and yet there’s a really compelling
rationale for it in all kinds of ways
and we can talk about that in a bit but
one of the things the drugs can do
is to help those reward circuits that
in the grip of addiction in the grip of
substance use disorder to help them
normalize more quickly so the person can
enjoy the things respond to the rewards
rather than this artificial sort of
well when it comes to depression
you hear a lot about serotonin
you don’t hear nearly as much about
dopamine but dopamine function is
in depression well why do we hear so
much more about serotonin because most
of the depression drugs target serotonin
why are the depression drugs not
as effective as we wish they were i mean
they certainly help a lot of people
don’t get me wrong millions of lives
but they’re not the game changers for
many people that we need them to be that
we want them to be why not in part
because when you give a drug like our
ssris or sssnris to ramp up serotonin
signaling very often you’re
simultaneously pushing down on the
dopamine system that’s why we have
sexual side effects it’s one of the
most common side effects right you’re
pushing down on the on the reward
circuitry well that’s not really what we
in depression so we need to augment that
effect with other things and you know
because we’ve talked about it a lot
that i’m a big big proponent of the idea
that there is no magic bullet in
depression there’s no single thing
fancy word monotherapy there’s no
monotherapy approach there’s no magic
drug that’s going to completely cure
forever a person’s depression most of
the time there are you know rare
um the drugs have a place they have a
role but we have to augment it we have
to do all the things we can’t just rely
on the one thing we can’t rely on the
so that’s that’s just the first premise
i wanted to put out there
i know there are a lot of different so
i’m curious now too you know and um
certainly we’re presenting to the team
earlier which is so grateful for it was
so uh informed on educational but why
why how are we in a situation which i
mean maybe it’s just speaking science or
we just don’t have the application for
it yet but why don’t we have drugs that
do the dopamine thing rather than the
serotonin we do okay so the one that
probably a lot of the audience have
heard of is is the generic is bupropion
the the trade name is either depending
on whether you’re taking it for smoking
cessation or depression the trade name
is wellbutrin for depression or or zyban
for smoking cessation same drug
the problem is that depression is often
and by often i mean over half the time
accompanied by a lot of anxiety
and if you give a drug like wellbutrin
it’s like oh okay so we’re going to ramp
up dopamine that’s good we’re going to
ramp up rewards signaling that’s good
occasionally a patient will even have
on wealthy trend okay um side effects of
we will circle back around
there was a grey’s anatomy episode by
the way for interesting yeah um
it’s no joke it can ramp up reward
but it can also ramp up anxiety okay
because the circuits are kind of
cross-wired a little bit which it’s a
long story we don’t have to go into but
so um well what else can we use well
right adhd meds like um like adderall
like methylphenidate ritalin like
vivants all these drugs also ramp up
dopamine can they be helpful in
are they commonly used no why because
well they’re controlled substances a
have a high addiction potential or at
least moderate addiction potential be
but c they also ramp up anxiety
and so a lot of prescribers are very
loath to use them even though we’ve got
that if anything a lot of times the
medications that we’re throwing at
depression can make worse
so then it’s like all right well what
can we do that’s non-pharmacological to
and it turns out thank god there are
lots of things like physical activity
ambient sunlight exposure which is about
and light is a drug literally photons of
that hit specialized receptors in the
back of the eye in the retina that have
to the center of the brain the
renormalize our body clock which gets
out of sync and depression
not only regulate our sleep regulate our
hormones but kick up dopamine signaling
so we’ve probably all had this
experience when we go out on a bright
sunny day like we happen to be enjoying
if we go on a long hike or something
regardless of the activity level we feel
energized we feel stimulated and often
we have better focus because of that
sort of stimulant-like effect
when people are depressed though what do
they do they they don’t go outside they
crawl into a cave their brain is giving
them a signal to shut down pull away
effective clinical work with depressed
populations is validating for them like
your brain is telling you that you’re
sick your brain is telling you just like
get away from everybody crawl into a
rest tight for a couple weeks till you
and when you have the flu that’s great
listen to the brain when you have
depression that’s the last thing in the
world you want to do because that’s
the threading the needle with depressed
patients is validating yes of course you
feel like shutting down yes of course
you don’t want to be around other people
yes of course you have no energy and you
have no initiative and you’re suffering
but we have to partner together to help
you not listen to these signals from
your brain that are actually broken
if we can pull off that particular
clinical trick then we’re actually
ramping up dopamine signaling and that’s
the part that i think so many people
don’t get they’re like well wait a
minute if you have a brain chemistry
problem the only possible way to fix it
is to throw drugs at it or to you know
put some powerful magnets on the brain
and call it tms or you know do
electroshock there if you’re something
but what we know from the realm of
neuroscience the realm that i’m trained
in is experience changes the brain
activity changes the brain and the food
we eat changes the brain and our ambient
light exposure changes the brain so all
we think of as like oh my grandma could
to go get some fresh air my grandma
could have told me oh go get some oh be
but grandma didn’t know that this is
like powerful powerful psychoactive sort
yeah so what i’m hearing though is that
at least one of the primary barriers is
that all of the things that you need or
a good chunk of the things that you need
to get better or at least to start to
overcome depression are things that your
brain are telling you to not engage in
exactly right and that’s part of the
tragedy right of depression absolutely
and you know just to build on that a
little bit so imagine i’m depressed
and my doctor gives me an antidepressant
um lexapro sure it’s one that a lot of
people have heard of acetal frame
one of the things it’s doing
is it’s eventually going to kick up
activity in my serotonin circuits what
it’s going to help put the brakes
a bit on my stress response circuits
which is good because they tend to be
way too active in depression
but they’re also going to do this really
cool magical thing called
neuroplasticity they’re going to
increase the brain’s ability
to make new connections and new
associations and by the way that ability
is really compromised in the presence so
when people are depressed they cannot
easily learn new things they can’t
associations and new parts of their
repertoire they’re kind of
closed sure and so you give them a drug
like lexapro is like oh this is amazing
the brain’s growth hormone it’s called
bdnf if folks want to look it up and now
they’re going to have greater
neuroplasticity here’s the problem
most patients with depression who get
treatment all they get is the drug and
it’s like here take this drug
and good luck with that go back to your
and well in a lot of cases their life
has some toxic elements to it so we’re
sending them to an environment that’s
or at least that has some prominent
negative features sometimes by the way
is a side effect of the depression
because when we’re depressed we’re not
at our best and we can actually have a
sort of corrosive effect on some
relationships because we’ve been shut
down because we’ve been withdrawing and
we’ve been ghosting people and we’ve
been not responding to them
and now we give them the drug okay great
i got more plasticity but i’m going back
to a life that has a lot of negative
making those associations so it’s like
the drug is making me more responsive to
my environment and i’ve done nothing to
maybe that’s a reason why these drugs
are not more effective than they
actually turn out to be maybe these
drugs have the potential to be a lot
if we could attend to the
neuroplasticity angle and provide a
supportive context so provide
a beautifully healing support of milieu
yeah this sounds like an ad i love it
and i’m thinking about going you know
for the for the viewers out there that
can’t see you know your slides in your
presentation right i’m thinking of the
pie chart right where 76 roughly 76 77
of the time they’re just getting that
you know mono therapeutic approach
through medications most patients with
depression if they get treatment all
they’re getting is meds all they’re
getting is meds that is wild
when it’s such a complex issue as we’ll
get into certainly here around your web
analogy and so forth and then i think
out of that as well too it’s somewhere
you know 4.8 to 5.6 percent somewhere
and they’re just received psychotherapy
and then 18 roughly of the popular
population receives both psychotherapy
and medication as a management
at the same time in lieu of that pie
chart and that incredible data right we
have more depression anxiety and so
and then we have these medications and
no wonder we’re arriving at sort of a
frustration here in american culture
the med only a sort of approach yet it’s
not really resolving the problem and
it’s kind of like you know for me i i
just i want to shake the tree of
american culture and say let’s wake up
all these other benefits like you were
talking about the light and all of these
natural things and also how through
psychotherapy maybe it’s a residential
program maybe it’s ambulatory you know
uh you were saying something uh
wonderful earlier as well too like how
can we be you know the frontal lobe how
can we be the how can we do that for you
as you get well in the process yeah
should we unpack that a little bit yes
that’s like page 9 15 100. it’s all over
yeah please unpack it okay so
depression hits so many different
circuits in the brain and takes them
offline or or just compromises them so
they don’t work as well and one of the
is this set of circuits in the frontal
cortex and they lateralize to the left
so it’s really cool people are always
fascinated by left brain right brain and
a lot of the popular ideas about what
that is are are off-base but
one of them to put it gently but one of
the ways that lateralization matters is
the left frontal cortex has circuits
that help us go after the things that we
sort of pull the trigger if i can you
can i use that metaphor yes i’m in
um the things we want to do so if i’m
sitting on the couch i am sitting you
know if i’m sitting on a couch and i’m
and i should get out it would help me to
get up and go for a brisk walk outside
maybe walk the dog whatever
my left frontal cortex takes that
flatline like oh i should do that i got
it’s like i’ve fallen and i can’t get up
it’s like i’m sitting and i can i and
and what our depressed patients tell us
is i know the things that will help me
and i can’t make myself do
them when i started crafting the
therapeutic lifestyle change program for
depression what several colleagues told
me is yes we see the research we see the
science we see the evidence we know
these things will help but they’re all
the things people can’t do when they’re
and and my gentle pushback was
friendly amendment these are things they
cannot initiate often when they’re
depressed but if they have someone to
partner with them to provide them that
spark of initiative that their left
frontal cortex is not giving
then they can do them so let’s take
exercise for example so what is the
antidepressant dose of exercise luckily
the the most robustly established
antidepressant what do i mean by
antidepressant as effective as the
average drug for the average patient
i’ll say it again because it’s low 30
minutes of brisk aerobic walking three
that’s been tested in head-to-head
trials against zoloft sertraline
twice now at my alma mater duke
and found to be every bit as effective
in the short term more effective
and it’s super low dose but
patients with depression usually have
trouble making themselves do it so what
do we do we partner with them we say you
know would you let us play the role of
your left frontal cortex would you let
schedule the exercise with you
or with your trainer would you let us
then give you a little prompt a little
tickler a little reminder what do you
call it tickler that’s fine i think that
i don’t know i’m looking at the
yeah i’m in between is there a cooler
i’m on the latter end of the millennial
spectrum right now i’ve got to have a
i don’t have a cooler word than tickler
a half hour before the workout like hey
you know we just just took a little
reminder we you know we’re mrs jones you
know we’re going to be meeting in a half
and it’s like oh now the trainer is
playing the role of the left frontal
cortex giving that signal that spark
that the depressed person is not getting
on their own so what do we find people
with depression can exercise people with
depression can enjoy exercise people
with depression can benefit enormously
but they cannot make themselves do it
so we have to let go of the judgment we
have to let go of the nagging we have to
and just be freaking realist about it
let’s validate for people that are
suffering with depression it’s like yes
depression is taking you away from your
it’s robbing you of capabilities that
but we’re going to partner with you
to help you do the things that you need
because when you’re well you’ll be able
to initiate all the things again
hopefully yeah if you could before you
you got depressed then you’ll be able to
again yeah yeah absolutely and i think
that’s the that’s the that’s a special
sauce in the tlc model because you know
at peaks recovery certainly we have an
opportunity to front line with
medications and do what we can there and
i hope that the viewers watching this as
well too can hear all the things that
doctors are trying to roll through in
their heads as prescribers or even
mid-level providers as they go through
this because i mean that’s back to my
point about the dopamine medication it’s
like don’t we have these things you know
it was kind of rhetorical right we do
have these things but why don’t we throw
that at them you know in that sort of
way because it comes with all these
consequences a med and then a med to
manage the symptoms of the med and you
know potentially all of this you know
and then on the other side of that we
have psychotherapy you know but the med
is going to take time to ramp up and the
depressed patient is having difficulty
just sitting in that environment and it
feels like as the next sensible thing
and why this tlc model is so fascinating
uh is because now we can do so much more
with the time that we have them within
these residential settings and
differently than the challenges of your
you know your research studies where
they had to kind of go home come back
report that sort of thing and you’ve got
and you can provide a level of support
and a level of for one of the better
word stress management sure that you
know is just going to be so
incredibly beneficial for many patients
and so with the integration i mean
when you talk about depression i just
this idea of like paralysis right it’s
like almost like a neural paralysis
where things just are stuck like you
move in any way shape or form
neurologically to a certain degree and
then you have something you introduce
medication which gives you
neuroplasticity right so you’ve got some
room to maneuver at that point but then
to actually make those changes and push
forward and push through that paralysis
neural like a neural partner right like
somebody to come and partner with you in
order to push you along and so then you
have these all of a sudden though you’ve
got all of the major components
especially in something like a
residential program where you can really
come at it from all these different
angles and like you said do all the
things right exactly right and then we
have iop right where we get to help them
make those habits lifelong habits and
and change the environment they’re in
and i think that’s what’s exciting about
this yes that’s a really important point
too right because we were talking about
so much of the if we if we zoom out to
landscape of mental health and treating
is it’s challenging to treat depression
in the first couple months
but we have the tools if we’re willing
to do all the things we’ve got the tools
it’s like we’ve got this in the great
the bigger challenge is treating it in
very similar case i would say i think
you’d agree with substance use disorders
where absolutely you know the short-term
outcomes are better generally than the
long-term outcomes and yet we’re playing
we want our patients to thrive in the
long term and so that means now how can
we pivot from this very cocoon like can
i use that word this oasis like
environment of 45 days where i’m going
but everything in my environment is
controlled and now i’ve got to pivot
back out to the real world my life as it
how do i take all of these new tools and
skills and associations and generalize
them out to my life in the world and
it’s like you’re speaking my love
language now because because i mean i’m
so excited about this this 45-day
that’s miraculous that that exists
but then to be able to take that and
take it out into somebody’s you know
real world life is is so important
yeah so well there are a lot of
different directions we can go yeah with
this yeah one of the one of the
challenges of integrated care and i
don’t know if uh if there’s you know a
tone you can put on it or give us some
insights or just a general conversation
but you go to integrate the care and
major depressive patient and sud patient
are sitting next to each other and say
i’m not like that person and i’m not
like that person and why are we in the
same room together and you’re treating
something different but it reminds you
know going back to that you know the the
dopamine you know uh reward circuits you
remember reward circuits in scenario
that’s the that’s the intersection
that’s the bridge well the two two
bridges one is profound suffering yeah
and you know i i don’t know if you all
find this but i find that when people
a lot of the superfluous things in life
get stripped away and people get very
because it’s like you know i mean like i
worked for three months on a brain tumor
for the most part had about a year to
and it was the most existentially
profound experience professionally of my
life because people just get so most
people not everyone but most people just
get very dialed in to what’s important
and i feel like a lot of sud patients
i mean they’ve been to the brink a lot
absolutely right they’ve been to the
a lot of depressed patients have been
suicidal they’ve been to the brink some
of them made a town some of them made
and then you know now they’re at this
moment where they’re like i you know
i can’t take much more of this i need
some relief and they’re coming to you
and your sud patients are coming to you
they’re experiencing the suffering
compromised reward circuits and you know
for those who want to take the deep dive
there’s a dopamine receptor subtype that
activity in the these circuits are
people with sud have low levels of d2
receptors so the reward circuits don’t
work correctly they don’t get high on
life but they get way way way too much
reward from substances of abuse
people with depression also low d2
receptors also wonky reward circuitry so
yeah and by the way there’s a lot of
overlap because a lot of people with
and a lot of addicts become depressed
and a lot of those who are not addicts
but just sud you know abuse folks get
depressed so and i think both of those
worlds those uh people suffering from
either sud or depression feel isolated
they feel like they feel completely
disconnected and brilliant and again
yeah earlier in the day we talked about
the idea of you know the opposite of
addiction being connection and so the i
and we were talking about the opposite
of suffering is also connection yeah so
it’s interesting you get it’s this
ironic thing again where you have two
people sitting next to each other who
feel so far apart but they’re actually
so close together and one of the actual
things that would make them feel even
better was is to find that connection
with each other and to share that so
it’s just this kind of i i don’t know i
think that we we live in a world of
irony a lot of times in what we do
there’s so many levels of irony that we
are dealing with and it’s just really
interesting to hear them point it out
that way and uh sort of have a different
angle and a different lens to look at it
through that’s a great connection i love
yeah just this idea that whether
somebody’s sud or depressed
they’re experiencing the sense of
alienation absolutely the sense of
often just profound disconnection yeah
often also i hadn’t thought about this
absolutely that’s literally a symptom of
is self-deprecation self-loathing but so
common in sud as well because people
have made really bad decisions often and
they’re beating themselves up and
they’re seeing the fallout absolutely
and i think we as a you know peaks we’ve
really we we work really hard to try to
uh substance use disorder and mental
health disorder being different they are
so the same you know they are so
intertwined it’s it’s again it goes it
goes back to suffering and it goes back
to this connection it goes back to
self-loathing it goes back to
this a sort of neural paralysis that you
exist in and and the treatment again is
there’s so much overlap and can be so
similar for both sides exactly and it’s
yeah so it’s just it’s great to hear i
don’t know some affirmation for that to
be quite honest yeah well i get really
excited about it and you know the other
thing i just want if it’s okay to circle
back to something you said earlier just
um okay so you’ve got 45 days if if
somebody’s coming residential if they’re
doing intensive outpatient it’s a little
when somebody’s suffering they want
if we use a standard anti-depressant so
the typical treatment that the majority
of patients are going to get one
antidepressant standard off the shelf
garden variety anti-depressant they’re
told usually like two to six weeks
depending if you’re lucky two weeks if
you’re not so lucky maybe four to six
weeks four kicks in and we see anxiety
three weeks depression four weeks is
typical okay there you go yeah
you know and there are exceptions or you
what what are we at that’s faster
well you know there’s a lot of
more i think of them maybe you all don’t
as a little bit more extreme
interventions um some folks obviously
have heard for decades about
electroshock that we now call
electroconvulsive therapy it’s faster
has re there are reasons why it’s not a
go-to intervention for most people but
tms transcranial magnetic stimulation
is faster for some people the effects
are not as robust yet as i would like
them to be but there’s there’s still it
can be faster well guess what this is
where i get super excited
light therapy bright light therapy not
just for somebody who has winter onset
depression not just for somebody who has
seasonal depression or sad some people
effects can kick in within five to seven
now i’ve got a nutritional intervention
that can kick in within seven days
and acetyl-carnitine is like it’s a
our bodies mostly have to i say a
nutrient it’s it’s a a nutrient that our
bodies make out of substrate that we get
from our diet how about that and the
the crappier our body isn’t making it so
if you look at people who are depressed
in their teens and 20s their levels of
acetyl-carnitine are usually sort of
okay they’re lower than we would want
them to be but they’re okay and and
what it means is if their levels are low
the powerhouse the mitochondria of their
brain cells are not as efficient and so
literally their brain is getting a bit
and the circuits that they need
uh get fatigued more quickly
so they can’t fire as efficiently okay
so we can supplement with
acetyl-l-carnitine and the best research
is two thousand milligrams a day divided
dose so a thousand milligrams twice a
meta-analysis studies of studies does
with an effect size that’s roughly on
has no common side effects
and effects kick in typically within
and were you saying that’s more
important with age more important with
the thank you right it’s yeah so for
those of us who are of a certain age
on the wrong side 40 how about the wrong
there’s some really nice signal in the
in the research that says that
middle-aged and older depressed
individuals really respond right and
younger individuals are less likely to
have that i haven’t heard of that before
so yeah it’s a pretty cool little little
and there are other things as well but i
even if we don’t want to go to something
as extreme as electro-convulsive therapy
to get that really fast effect because
we’re we’re all impatient we’re
we’re not saying right of course we’re
impatient but people are suffering
people’s lives are hanging in the
balance of course we’re impatient
we don’t have to wait four weeks
we have things already in the toolkit
that can get this recovery going and get
and i think a lot of people don’t
realize that can i give you one more
we did we did not rehearse this we don’t
script this i’m totally going off script
martin luther said sin boldly so here we
it’s a little reformation yeah the
come on sin boldly where is he taking
you you’ll edit that out yeah um
have you heard of it i’m not familiar
okay it involves three things the first
of which is going to blow your mind yeah
you want to know how to get
an immediate antidepressant effect with
someone even if they’re severely
depressed it will warning disclaimer it
will only last for about 12 hours
keep the person up for 36 straight hours
deprivation 36 hours of continuous
wakefulness has a profound acute
antidepressant effect why do we not use
it aside from the obvious people don’t
as soon as the person goes to sleep when
they wake up the next day they’re right
back where they started there’s zero
sleep deprivation strategically employed
antidepressant we can build on that
most people with depression have a body
clock that is out of sync with the
ambient world around them
the most common form of circadian phase
is the person’s body clock
thinks that it is a couple hours maybe
three hours later than it really is
so we say it’s phase advanced so they
wake up let’s say they’re wake time
what’s the wait time in the room here
six a.m is that yeah say six it’s great
okay yeah so their wake time is 6 a.m
but they’re wide awake at 3 a.m because
their body clock is telling them oh it’s
we call this by the way terminal
insomnia because it’s at the terminus of
their sleep cycle interesting okay
so we want to phase shift them
right and that will help a lot it will
help with their sleep which has
antidepressant therapeutic effects the
final thing is the use of bright light
therapy which we’ve talked about before
there is a center for chronotherapy in
we really should talk about this is
pretty cool because you guys could do
patients come in and they’re like okay
we’re going to combine these three
so we’re going to keep you up 36
let you sleep for a while
actually it’ll be more than 36 or eight
hours it’ll be we’re basically going to
shift their body clock about four hours
until we’ve run all the way through
the the clock if you think if you do the
math in your head it’s like five or six
and we’re going to hit them with a
massive dose of therapeutic bright light
to give a signal of circadian reset to
be like okay hey you know what
um it’s now 8 am but your brain thinks
it’s noon hey it’s now noon or 8 am but
your brain thinks it’s four in the
afternoon and then the next day eight
in the evening and after a week you’ve
run the entire cycle your back around
and you can get them entrained
perfectly to the world around them you
get the acute benefit of sleep
deprivation it doesn’t go away because
you’re continually keeping the brain off
balance and you have the antidepressant
effect of the bright light
and you can now connect with people
because they’re up at the same time
exactly yeah and at the center for
they um you know they try to use the
milieu of it right so they have like
activities for folks when it’s four in
the morning and they’re all up and they
and they shine pretty bright light out
in the patient day room where they’re
so it’s a it’s a but it’s a very fast
very powerful oh by the way it’s been
used in bipolar depression
and patients with bipolar are
exquisitely sensitive to light
exquisitely sensitive to changes in
circadian rhythm exquisitely sensitive
it has a roughly 50 percent acute
response rate in bipolar depression in a
than any in a week any current
therapeutic medication that we have for
so there’s some all kinds of really cool
exciting potentials i would say
and not to veer off script here but uh
on the manic side of bipolar disorder
wasn’t there a light benefit or an
anti-light benefit yeah because yeah
thank you so bipolar patients i don’t
know if you guys have ever experimented
with this but bipolar patients
exquisitely sensitive to light
you know going on and off of daylight
savings time can often be a trigger for
but it’s recently been discovered that
when a patient with bipolar is manic
mixed where there’s sort of
simultaneously manic and some depressive
if you use polarized wraparound goggles
or lenses polarized in the sense that
okay kind of like if folks know the rock
and has to filter out that light for
medical reasons for it’s the same basic
patients with mania who filter out
probably most people know about blocking
blue light like at night it’s blue light
patients with mania where they block out
blue light 24 7 and then stay out of
it has enormous potential to break a
and can be used in tandem with
to potentiate the effect to quicken the
effect to speed it up to make it more
and in some cases i’m not recommending
this at all but in some cases it’s been
used without medication for patients
as you probably know sometimes when
patients are manic they they do
everything against medical advice
because they have impaired judgment
and they will not take them in
but sometimes they will agree to wear
right sounds like a fantastic
so i feel like we’re just scratching the
of lifestyle based intervention
these things are like drugs and their
powerful stuff so dr ryan yeah you got
the challenging job we got to keep him
you get hazardous duty pay for that
i love the idea i think we need a little
more robust nursing staff
you’d have to definitely make some new
no but i’m curious dr reddit i mean
there’s somebody who you know you live
in the trenches with this right i’ve
you know being in rounds with you and um
with working with the clinical team the
medical team even our residential team
and and seeing people struggle and
really trying to get a hold on what is
going to be the best approach to help
stabilize them to help keep them engaged
i mean we’re not even at symptom
reduction yet at that point right but uh
but listening to this and listening to
this sort of approach and which does
feel integrative it actually has a
genuinely holistic feel to it i’m just
curious what your response is
i love it um i mean i think it has the
now to fix them while they’re with us
but more importantly to set them up for
earlier today steve you talked about a
do you want to yeah go ahead and talk
he talked about depression be having a
lot of different attachments and
thing you can pull off so a medication
you’re pulling off a big string you’re
pulling off another string with light
therapy with exercise with connectedness
with nutrition what am i missing
uh habits of healthy sleep habits of
healthy sleep i mean you’re just pulling
and i think the more we more of those
the better people are going to do i love
the analogy i think it’s great for thank
yeah metaphor metaphor analogy
yeah i i mean i a patient
many years ago said to me you know i
just feel like i’m caught in this web
um and it always stayed with me that
that image of like being trapped in this
web and then when i started thinking
about how depression involves all these
different layers of dysregulation
cognitive affective potential and we
haven’t even talked about like the
attentional biases people when they’re
the brain only wants to go to negative
things people when they’re depressed
they they don’t want to be around other
people so there’s the social withdrawal
piece there’s the i mean there’s so many
different layers and it’s like this web
and our typical approach like we talked
about earlier is monotherapy we’re going
to do the one thing we’re looking for
stone that we can throw at the web and
bring the whole thing down
and sometimes we get lucky sometimes we
get lucky and the one thing really does
bring it down for some people some for
but god it just makes so much more sense
to think about like what if i have a
whole pocket full of stones or you know
like a shotgun or something where i can
depression is so much more treacherous
than we give it credit for being it’s so
much harder to fix it is fixable
it’s completely fixable but it’s so much
harder to to get it well and keep
and we do our patients a grave
being very cavalier and very oh yeah
yeah we got this our these meds are like
magic these it’s like the meds you know
they’re helpful but they’re not all that
for so many patients but if we’re
willing to really take it seriously like
you all do at peaks that’s what i get
really excited about yeah i’m going to
send you so many patients yeah
love it also would love to figure out a
you know path forward to you know we
you know it’s a little bit different
than the ambulatory stylus setting in
which we could approach you know maybe a
project of research or something around
it to really ignite this and
locate its value proposition because
this is exciting stuff and
i don’t want to insist that we’re the
only treatment center thinking of this
i think our industry is sort of missing
this opportunity to really
bring in all of these things at the same
time but to do that we have to
responsibly think about integration of
care we cannot just talk about drugs in
these settings that’s a really visionary
a rich genuinely visionary sort of
approach because i mean here’s what i’m
you all tell me if i’m too naive about
this because you know the biz way better
to pay for the research to
like legitimately show with a carefully
controlled conducted research study
that this kind of multi-pronged
doing all the things approach
take to all the industry people all the
leaders all the you know and say
don’t just take our word for it like we
independent verification that what we’re
and we’d like we’d like to make this the
gold standard yeah but to do it right
it’s going to take some money
some money some time a lot of time
to get it right why did you point to me
when i when i hear all the things i
you are mr all the things that yes wait
he’s director of all things
chief of all things at peace recovery
there’s so much to expand on to talk
about to be excited about on this i do
you know while we got the the sort of
the medi the met the strict medical lens
here before we invite the the clinical
side of things into this you know the
anti-ruminating you know uh
psychotherapy psychotherapy approaches
and so forth into this i i did want to
touch base you know chris burns one of
the host president founder of peace
recovery centers is often talking about
the vulnerable population
and what i what i would like to talk
about is that you know it really uh
struck me as kind of obvious for myself
when you were talking about it earlier
you know i wake up in the morning and i
get the sunshine i think this is a
beautiful day look at this mountain
that’s in front of me pike’s peak
america’s mountain man so beautiful you
know we live among nature we get to see
deer running across the highway we get
it all here in you know colorado uh in
you know you get this high on life sort
of experience when your dopamine levels
are up and that’s my common experience
and why it resonates with me so much
with those lower dopamine levels that’s
the vulnerable person we’re talking
about right because they’re taking the
drug and they take it and all of a
sudden it’s the mountain they’re high on
life this is what this guy brandon was
experiencing when he was talking to me
about looking at the mountain that i
yeah exactly right so that’s that’s
appreciated and i think misunderstood
the brain of the person vulnerable to
addiction vulnerable to substance use
they’re very often genetically
predisposed to those low d2 receptor
levels so in other words genetically
as much to get high in life
and to have the drug be able to hack
into their reward circuits the drug
this is what you’ve been missing yeah
now you’re in a space where you feel on
by the way fun side note psilocybin
actually does not light up the brain’s
reward circuit or lsd or any of those
it really does i didn’t get that message
it could be i mean obviously it could be
yeah i mean depending on your own
experience it certainly can have a
reward component by the way
folks probably know psilocybin is now
being actively investigated
supercharging agent for effective
psychotherapy for depression
you know it increases plasticity it
opens people up to reconceptualizing
and under expert therapeutic guidance it
for a lot of healing for a lot of you
know sort of rapid response so i think
it’s been a little bit overhyped
oversold but i’m not in any way opposed
to that kind of research and work i just
basically i’m just giving like a public
service announcement for magic mushrooms
they are being actively investigated at
some of the leading research centers in
but they don’t they’re not a drug of
addiction typically yeah um but yeah
like alcohol how about i mean there’s a
very common drug of addiction
can i say this we were out to dinner
last night there may have been a glass
or two of alcohol consumed
um in a very responsible manner and
a little bit of dopaminergic reward
which you know all drugs of addiction do
but if somebody has high d2 receptor
levels they just walk away they’re just
like oh yeah that was fine whatever
and so i feel like once we start viewing
addiction through this lens of these are
brothers and sisters our fellow
who are laboring right now with the
burden of reward circuits that don’t get
lit up the way they’re supposed to
when they hug a friend when they see the
beauty of nature when they have an uh a
professional accomplishment when they
have sex when they do anything
except for using and when they’re using
then it lights everything up and that’s
a tragedy and you know it’s like if we
can have that viewpoint for me at least
i’ll just speak to myself judgment melts
seems to be the only sane response
yeah you know um so yeah i just i
i love the work you’re doing um i i love
i love the compassion i love the sanity
you know the community absolutely um
well i think that’s beautiful and
exactly what we’re you know what we’re
coming to here when we apprecia we can
all appreciate that decisions are being
made around alcohol use drug use and so
but at the level of decision making
those who suffer from addiction
that that is the underlying thing within
their being right that’s going to get
ignited and that experience is going to
happen making them most vulnerable or
gosh i want to do that one more time
just to because that felt really right
in that moment in displaced this moral
personal responsibility conundrum thing
we find ourselves stuck and i think as a
society to say well they chose right we
all choose but we’re all kind of
vulnerable and susceptible in different
ways within those choices and that
displaces personal responsibility uh
in a much different way than i
experience personal responsibility and
they’re just like i think that choice
narrative is actually true for people
who struggle with depression as well
because we’re so cavalier with what we
there is this idea well then just stop
being depressed you know like go do
stuff oh my god yourself feel better
just snap out of it just absolutely do
the things that you it’s like stop doing
the drugs snap out of the get stop being
so sad all the time you know watch a
funny movie that it’s it’s all of these
very like simplistic very misinformed
kind of perceptions that we have that
are ingrained culturally and have turned
what are really debilitating illnesses
into taboos absolutely and one of the
really interesting things that happens
when somebody’s recovering from
is it takes a while and by a while i
mean like three to 12 months
for their reward circuits to start
near normal yeah more normal
to get them past the craving and you
once they can push through with massive
and compassion and acceptance
to get to a place of sustained recovery
their d2 receptors start to normalize
their reward circuit starts they start
to regain the ability to get high on
because substance use actually changes
the brain and pushes those d2 receptors
substance use actually makes the reward
allows the reward circuits to normalize
and heal experience changes the brain
and that’s a profound sort of thought
yes we may be born genetically more
vulnerable less vulnerable but guess
i’ve known lots of people who were born
genetically not vulnerable to addiction
never had a problem until they were
prescribed a benzodiazepine like xanax
by the way benzodiazepines the number
one most prescribed class of psychiatric
what could possibly go wrong
yeah it’s our most prescribed that’s
crazy um so anyway i’m not here to bash
and so easy to find in the black market
as well too of course it’s everywhere
i have known people who were as far as i
know the only person in their very vast
extended genetic circle that had an
addiction they were addicted to benzos
typically family practice stock 90 of no
offense 90 of benzos are prescribed by
dogs not psychiatrists psychiatrists
usually see the danger usually not
the best the best family practice not
always the best family practice doctor
see the danger but a lot don’t right
so they’re prescribed the benzo
as a sleep aid yeah but they take it
every night yeah after getting their
ritalin and adderall yeah right yeah so
but but then after a couple years now
they are completely addicted
they did not start off with an addictive
vulnerability we created the addictive
vulnerability but now that they’re
addicted their d2 receptor levels are
low even though they were born with a
nice high genetic level you see it so
regardless of whether if you’re born
well guess what getting connected with
people being immersed in community
having better nutrition getting good
sleep all those things actually raise
your d2 receptor levels make you less
vulnerable and so people get out of our
detox they’re like why do i still feel
you have to be honest it’s going to take
a year before you start feeling near
normal yeah in two years before you’re
fairly normal yeah and well dr ryan
every addiction treatment center website
says we can fix this we can support this
and i think that to your point and the
reason i’m highlighting that because i’m
vulnerable to it you know we want to be
in a position to help people and our
website says something similar i think
we want to have more transparent honest
discussions about what this is going to
take from mental health primary to sud
primary you know a dual diagnosis of you
know maybe both categories uh in that
regard that we’re dealing with something
quite complex and it’s not taboo we
don’t shake it and it goes away we don’t
say stop thinking it and it goes away
you know or just throw these monotherapy
approaches at it it goes away we’ve
learned in real time the ineffective
nature of all of these approaches and
get real and honest about that support
the public to recognize that yes these
things are valuable but it’s not a
single shot and we need to work toward
all of these things in support of that
to the to be charitable to our industry
insurance is running a lot of this you
know you know through you know tms
clinic and so forth like that front-end
medication we have to see the failure
first before we can intervene with other
things at the level of insurance
that’s nonsense it perpetuates the issue
in a way as well too so not only is the
situation complex for major depressive
disorder sud and so forth it’s complex
from the downward pressure we experience
as a society for how these things are
paid for delivered in real time
that tangent i suppose for another day
highlight that from what you were
stating yeah i mean i i think
if you need help come to peaks i think
we do cutting edge medications i think
we have top-notch curriculum top-notch
therapists and we’re going to start
integrating more holistic
effects that are going to set people up
for the future i think that’s
that’s the next step for us
and and yeah and i love the fact that
there’s a kind of an interesting dance
one of your core values is
like unvarnished honesty you’ve never
told me that but i can see it right i
it’s just being really genuine and
but at the same time there’s a wisdom
there are helpful truths and there’s a
timing to it and i so here’s just my my
throw it out there and maybe this is a
i feel like when somebody is just
starting down the path of recovery
it’s too much to give them the truth of
like it could be two years
brother it could be two years before
literally ruining your life and you know
it and that’s why you’re here
um and we are here for you we’ve got
your back we’re going to partner with
you and we’ll get you through the
toughest stretch of it and we’re going
to give you all kinds of tools all kinds
you’re going to get one step closer to
we’re not going gonna lie and say it’s
an easy road but it’s a valuable road
and it’s so worth doing and you know
millions of people have discovered that
they’ve it’s like that path has been
blazed that trail has been blazed we
but you know what i mean so like
absolutely to celebrate the small wins
to celebrate like every day is a win
every day of sobriety every day of you
and yeah at the end of 45 days okay
we’re gonna be honest like this this was
the first phase of your journey
your odds of staying well you know
yeah absolutely i think it’s i think the
idea that being a journey is exactly
what it is and it’s it’s a journey of
discovery it’s a journey of healing it’s
a journey of repair yes uh
psychologically and and physiologically
and being able to like you said
entire spectrum of what recovery is
whether it’s recovery from substance use
or recovery within mental health
without suffering from mental health
diagnoses it’s it’s a journey every
recovered addict that i’ve known
has told me that early on that journey
they had to wholeheartedly embrace the
wisdom of just think about today
absolutely can you get through and if
can you get through the next hour right
and we’re here for you and we got you
and you know we’re going to get you
we face these moments of incredible
weakness and temptation but it’s like i
can power through the next hour or the
and if that person who’s feeling
depleted and overwhelmed has to think
oh my god it’s a two-year journey to get
you know it’s just it’s too much truth i
don’t even think about that it’s too
much truth for them right right
there’s got to be hope right there’s got
to be some next thing so maybe we don’t
think about it i think family systems
should appreciate this is going to have
a major time component to it but we
successful interventions along the way
we celebrate every win yeah absolutely
people with the we see it’s like you
know with kids it’s like you don’t
there’s certain knowledge that like
they’ll be ready for it someday but like
need to grapple with the problem of evil
right why are there psychopaths that
torment people and it’s like you know
what honey we’ll get there someday
you know though i will say i think
there’s a time where it it does benefit
people to know that to know that yes it
my brain will get back to normal because
because they have this fear that it’s
never going to get better absolutely and
well on that note um i suppose as the
host i gotta i gotta cut it at some
point the social media the kids they can
you know 30 seconds five minutes out of
times i’m sure somebody’s popping
popcorn in the background right now you
know we’re gonna come back to it i think
there’s still no wait there’s yeah no go
i was going to say there’s a drinking
game but this is the wrong audience
we’ll take it out of there
i cannot believe it the old clinical
i’m with college undergrads absolutely
all right totally different settings
no worries no worries and an
uh dr elardi being on this with us thank
you so much dr ryan for joining us as
all things peaks recovery centers to the
viewers out there i certainly hope this
was supportive helpful to your family
the knowledge download that’s taking
place and hopefully creating some
curiosity for you and your loved one
about how you can approach
treatment options down the road check
out dr steven elardy’s book the
depression cure amazon all the
bookstores it’s a great read on the next
episode we’re going to talk about the
is the the thread that makes all of this
true at the end of the day
we’ll talk about it we’ll challenge it
we’ll do all those things uh remember if
you’ve got uh additional questions
thoughts ideas finding peaks at
we’ll put it in there and that box there
we got some talent in the back that’ll
be able to do that for me uh chris burns
on the tick tock screaming at it love it
highlighting that on behalf of peaks
recovery centers uh the twitter the
facebooks all the other things until
next time everyone wait wait wait
i have a a podcast yeah yeah do it yeah
can i do it yeah absolutely
mental health with steve allardy and
hugh james it uh so it’s a he’s hugh is
who is hilarious unlike me
and it’s it’s we’re the perfect odd
couple he’s young i’m old uh he’s the
poet i’m the scientist he’s irish i’m a
we tackle really really deep dark tough
mental health mental illness issues
with a kind of a light touch
and yet at the same time really honoring
uh the experience of those that are
suffering different forms of mental
illness so um look for it if you’re in
the podcast we also are doing a youtube
thing so um very cool you had me at
okay love it and thank you and please
watch it absolutely listen to it get
involved with it this is a big topic an
uh professional and individual guiding
us through those things as well too so
until next time everybody thank you
empathy is knowing your own darkness
without that connection you don’t have
anything what’s the opposite of
another special episode of finding peaks
this is a special episode we got a
special guest with us today and i’m
to be a part of this group dynamic uh
today and we’re gonna also have an
additional episode uh coming soon as
well too or thereafter however it works
out in the time frame of things but
again welcome my name is brandon burns
chief executive officer for peaks
recovery centers you all know me your
favorite host trying to disrupt an
industry provide quality of care vision
insights for family systems
seeking treatment so that we can empower
you all to make best possible decisions
for your loved one for yourself and so
forth joined today as always by the
great clinton nicholson chief operating
to join us today the heavy-hitting dr
ryan md board-certified addictionologist
with us today uh at peaks recovery
what’s that chief medical officer i am
so sorry chief medical officer wow that
we’ll rewind the tape we’ll fix it
special guest today dr stephen elardy
clinical psychologist researcher
professor university of kansas and
author of the depression cure the book
and joining us here today to talk about
depression major depressive disorders
all of its variations some anxiety maybe
we’ll tackle some sud along the way
hey thank you so much for having me it’s
i i’m in such a gas company i didn’t
realize the great yeah the great the
chief medical officer yeah
favorite podcast host or whatever you
i this is like some pretty pretty high
cotton that is pretty impressive i i so
i’m honored to be yeah trying to give
you some highlights too because you run
your own podcast as well too you know
that’s a new thing okay it’s it’s i
dabble i don’t know maybe some folks out
there could identify with this i get
so like you know i’ve done nba
i’ve written blogs for espn i’ve
done a podcast now youtube channel
you know it it this is new train for me
though so being on camera it’s like
well now you know you can come on and
say you were the greatest host and mean
it when you say it and just really give
yourself all the credit i’m taking notes
they’re the mental notes right now but
yeah absolutely absolutely the viewers
at home are like yeah i think he is the
that’s gonna be in my bag
so yeah thank you for being here excited
about this group and this bunch that we
have to really talk about
major depressive disorder
the symptomology of it and so forth and
the potential for the cure for it and
the remission of symptoms and so forth
as the viewers know we’ve done some
episodes with you know for example uh dr
ashley johnson a do psychiatrist with
colorado recovery services
here in town doing tms services and a
lot of great psychiatric work and what
the reason for highlighting that is
because in those episodes we talked
about medication um the benefits of it
also its limitations and the excitement
around new opportunities like tms and
sitting here with uh you know dr o’lardy
and certainly uh dr ryan johnson here we
want to uh i think reintroduce that as a
topic and highlight it through a
and have a really good conversation
about it the pros of it the cons of it
uh in that regard and a little bit more
of a backdrop and we were talking about
this earlier as well too you know when
you go to each and every single
addiction treatment center’s website it
says we treat dual diagnosis we can
treat this thing called major depressive
and generally out of that i think it’s
something like here’s depression and six
months ago you know the pot smoking was
taking place or the drug use and so
forth and somehow our industry keeps
trying to make it about this thing over
here and i think what that’s led to from
an industry standard is uh limitations
about how we treat major depression
major depression so certainly here at
peaks we’re trying to you know work
alongside you know individuals like you
to really advance new insights education
as an outcome a reduction in symptoms
around major depressive disorder and do
more than just med management certainly
meds are important but you have a
great deal of analogies and insights
into this so i’m just going to let you
fire away and then we’re just going to
wrap around and talk about it with you
okay well thanks yeah so the first thing
i want to say is somebody earlier this
morning when i was getting to know the
mentioned you know the common thread
everything that takes place at peaks
is you’re dealing first and foremost
whether or not somebody is battling
clinical depression whether they’re
battling a substance use disorder
associated anxiety or any of the other
and there’s a through line that really
connects substance use disorders and
depression and that is reduced
activity in the brain’s reward circuits
and probably a lot of the audience have
heard of brain chemical dopamine which
is the go-to signaling molecule in those
there’s a syndrome that goes along with
it our fancy we got a fancy word you
ready you know it the audience may not
and had anhedonia from the latin
no hedonic no no pleasure right
the dopamine-based reward circuits in
clinical depression don’t fire so the
person now doesn’t enjoy their normal
activities the way they used to they
don’t have sex drive anymore they don’t
the person who is battling substance use
when they stop using what we typically
find is their dopamine reward circuits
they they’ve been kind of kicked into
artificially high modes of activity with
in this state maybe they’ve gotten
but they’re they’re in recovery and they
often have a lot of craving
and the reward circuits are throbbing in
and they’re going through day-to-day
life often feeling like things are kind
blunted things are kind of dim and pale
and life doesn’t have the vivid colors
well guess what that’s exactly what my
and we see the same kinds of underlying
neurological deficits in both and what
many of the same strategies that can
with that suffering and loss of pleasure
and depression can also help in
addiction so to bring it back around
what about the role of medication what
about their old drugs well it sounds
kind of ironic and i don’t know if you
want to go down this rabbit hole but the
idea of using drugs to treat substance
use disorder strikes some people as
and yet there’s a really compelling
rationale for it in all kinds of ways
and we can talk about that in a bit but
one of the things the drugs can do
is to help those reward circuits that
in the grip of addiction in the grip of
substance use disorder to help them
normalize more quickly so the person can
enjoy the things respond to the rewards
rather than this artificial sort of
well when it comes to depression
you hear a lot about serotonin
you don’t hear nearly as much about
dopamine but dopamine function is
in depression well why do we hear so
much more about serotonin because most
of the depression drugs target serotonin
why are the depression drugs not
as effective as we wish they were i mean
they certainly help a lot of people
don’t get me wrong millions of lives
but they’re not the game changers for
many people that we need them to be that
we want them to be why not in part
because when you give a drug like our
ssris or sssnris to ramp up serotonin
signaling very often you’re
simultaneously pushing down on the
dopamine system that’s why we have
sexual side effects it’s one of the
most common side effects right you’re
pushing down on the on the reward
circuitry well that’s not really what we
in depression so we need to augment that
effect with other things and you know
because we’ve talked about it a lot
that i’m a big big proponent of the idea
that there is no magic bullet in
depression there’s no single thing
fancy word monotherapy there’s no
monotherapy approach there’s no magic
drug that’s going to completely cure
forever a person’s depression most of
the time there are you know rare
um the drugs have a place they have a
role but we have to augment it we have
to do all the things we can’t just rely
on the one thing we can’t rely on the
so that’s that’s just the first premise
i wanted to put out there
i know there are a lot of different so
i’m curious now too you know and um
certainly we’re presenting to the team
earlier which is so grateful for it was
so uh informed on educational but why
why how are we in a situation which i
mean maybe it’s just speaking science or
we just don’t have the application for
it yet but why don’t we have drugs that
do the dopamine thing rather than the
serotonin we do okay so the one that
probably a lot of the audience have
heard of is is the generic is bupropion
the the trade name is either depending
on whether you’re taking it for smoking
cessation or depression the trade name
is wellbutrin for depression or or zyban
for smoking cessation same drug
the problem is that depression is often
and by often i mean over half the time
accompanied by a lot of anxiety
and if you give a drug like wellbutrin
it’s like oh okay so we’re going to ramp
up dopamine that’s good we’re going to
ramp up rewards signaling that’s good
occasionally a patient will even have
on wealthy trend okay um side effects of
we will circle back around
there was a grey’s anatomy episode by
the way for interesting yeah um
it’s no joke it can ramp up reward
but it can also ramp up anxiety okay
because the circuits are kind of
cross-wired a little bit which it’s a
long story we don’t have to go into but
so um well what else can we use well
right adhd meds like um like adderall
like methylphenidate ritalin like
vivants all these drugs also ramp up
dopamine can they be helpful in
are they commonly used no why because
well they’re controlled substances a
have a high addiction potential or at
least moderate addiction potential be
but c they also ramp up anxiety
and so a lot of prescribers are very
loath to use them even though we’ve got
that if anything a lot of times the
medications that we’re throwing at
depression can make worse
so then it’s like all right well what
can we do that’s non-pharmacological to
and it turns out thank god there are
lots of things like physical activity
ambient sunlight exposure which is about
and light is a drug literally photons of
that hit specialized receptors in the
back of the eye in the retina that have
to the center of the brain the
renormalize our body clock which gets
out of sync and depression
not only regulate our sleep regulate our
hormones but kick up dopamine signaling
so we’ve probably all had this
experience when we go out on a bright
sunny day like we happen to be enjoying
if we go on a long hike or something
regardless of the activity level we feel
energized we feel stimulated and often
we have better focus because of that
sort of stimulant-like effect
when people are depressed though what do
they do they they don’t go outside they
crawl into a cave their brain is giving
them a signal to shut down pull away
effective clinical work with depressed
populations is validating for them like
your brain is telling you that you’re
sick your brain is telling you just like
get away from everybody crawl into a
rest tight for a couple weeks till you
and when you have the flu that’s great
listen to the brain when you have
depression that’s the last thing in the
world you want to do because that’s
the threading the needle with depressed
patients is validating yes of course you
feel like shutting down yes of course
you don’t want to be around other people
yes of course you have no energy and you
have no initiative and you’re suffering
but we have to partner together to help
you not listen to these signals from
your brain that are actually broken
if we can pull off that particular
clinical trick then we’re actually
ramping up dopamine signaling and that’s
the part that i think so many people
don’t get they’re like well wait a
minute if you have a brain chemistry
problem the only possible way to fix it
is to throw drugs at it or to you know
put some powerful magnets on the brain
and call it tms or you know do
electroshock there if you’re something
but what we know from the realm of
neuroscience the realm that i’m trained
in is experience changes the brain
activity changes the brain and the food
we eat changes the brain and our ambient
light exposure changes the brain so all
we think of as like oh my grandma could
to go get some fresh air my grandma
could have told me oh go get some oh be
but grandma didn’t know that this is
like powerful powerful psychoactive sort
yeah so what i’m hearing though is that
at least one of the primary barriers is
that all of the things that you need or
a good chunk of the things that you need
to get better or at least to start to
overcome depression are things that your
brain are telling you to not engage in
exactly right and that’s part of the
tragedy right of depression absolutely
and you know just to build on that a
little bit so imagine i’m depressed
and my doctor gives me an antidepressant
um lexapro sure it’s one that a lot of
people have heard of acetal frame
one of the things it’s doing
is it’s eventually going to kick up
activity in my serotonin circuits what
it’s going to help put the brakes
a bit on my stress response circuits
which is good because they tend to be
way too active in depression
but they’re also going to do this really
cool magical thing called
neuroplasticity they’re going to
increase the brain’s ability
to make new connections and new
associations and by the way that ability
is really compromised in the presence so
when people are depressed they cannot
easily learn new things they can’t
associations and new parts of their
repertoire they’re kind of
closed sure and so you give them a drug
like lexapro is like oh this is amazing
the brain’s growth hormone it’s called
bdnf if folks want to look it up and now
they’re going to have greater
neuroplasticity here’s the problem
most patients with depression who get
treatment all they get is the drug and
it’s like here take this drug
and good luck with that go back to your
and well in a lot of cases their life
has some toxic elements to it so we’re
sending them to an environment that’s
or at least that has some prominent
negative features sometimes by the way
is a side effect of the depression
because when we’re depressed we’re not
at our best and we can actually have a
sort of corrosive effect on some
relationships because we’ve been shut
down because we’ve been withdrawing and
we’ve been ghosting people and we’ve
been not responding to them
and now we give them the drug okay great
i got more plasticity but i’m going back
to a life that has a lot of negative
making those associations so it’s like
the drug is making me more responsive to
my environment and i’ve done nothing to
maybe that’s a reason why these drugs
are not more effective than they
actually turn out to be maybe these
drugs have the potential to be a lot
if we could attend to the
neuroplasticity angle and provide a
supportive context so provide
a beautifully healing support of milieu
yeah this sounds like an ad i love it
and i’m thinking about going you know
for the for the viewers out there that
can’t see you know your slides in your
presentation right i’m thinking of the
pie chart right where 76 roughly 76 77
of the time they’re just getting that
you know mono therapeutic approach
through medications most patients with
depression if they get treatment all
they’re getting is meds all they’re
getting is meds that is wild
when it’s such a complex issue as we’ll
get into certainly here around your web
analogy and so forth and then i think
out of that as well too it’s somewhere
you know 4.8 to 5.6 percent somewhere
and they’re just received psychotherapy
and then 18 roughly of the popular
population receives both psychotherapy
and medication as a management
at the same time in lieu of that pie
chart and that incredible data right we
have more depression anxiety and so
and then we have these medications and
no wonder we’re arriving at sort of a
frustration here in american culture
the med only a sort of approach yet it’s
not really resolving the problem and
it’s kind of like you know for me i i
just i want to shake the tree of
american culture and say let’s wake up
all these other benefits like you were
talking about the light and all of these
natural things and also how through
psychotherapy maybe it’s a residential
program maybe it’s ambulatory you know
uh you were saying something uh
wonderful earlier as well too like how
can we be you know the frontal lobe how
can we be the how can we do that for you
as you get well in the process yeah
should we unpack that a little bit yes
that’s like page 9 15 100. it’s all over
yeah please unpack it okay so
depression hits so many different
circuits in the brain and takes them
offline or or just compromises them so
they don’t work as well and one of the
is this set of circuits in the frontal
cortex and they lateralize to the left
so it’s really cool people are always
fascinated by left brain right brain and
a lot of the popular ideas about what
that is are are off-base but
one of them to put it gently but one of
the ways that lateralization matters is
the left frontal cortex has circuits
that help us go after the things that we
sort of pull the trigger if i can you
can i use that metaphor yes i’m in
um the things we want to do so if i’m
sitting on the couch i am sitting you
know if i’m sitting on a couch and i’m
and i should get out it would help me to
get up and go for a brisk walk outside
maybe walk the dog whatever
my left frontal cortex takes that
flatline like oh i should do that i got
it’s like i’ve fallen and i can’t get up
it’s like i’m sitting and i can i and
and what our depressed patients tell us
is i know the things that will help me
and i can’t make myself do
them when i started crafting the
therapeutic lifestyle change program for
depression what several colleagues told
me is yes we see the research we see the
science we see the evidence we know
these things will help but they’re all
the things people can’t do when they’re
and and my gentle pushback was
friendly amendment these are things they
cannot initiate often when they’re
depressed but if they have someone to
partner with them to provide them that
spark of initiative that their left
frontal cortex is not giving
then they can do them so let’s take
exercise for example so what is the
antidepressant dose of exercise luckily
the the most robustly established
antidepressant what do i mean by
antidepressant as effective as the
average drug for the average patient
i’ll say it again because it’s low 30
minutes of brisk aerobic walking three
that’s been tested in head-to-head
trials against zoloft sertraline
twice now at my alma mater duke
and found to be every bit as effective
in the short term more effective
and it’s super low dose but
patients with depression usually have
trouble making themselves do it so what
do we do we partner with them we say you
know would you let us play the role of
your left frontal cortex would you let
schedule the exercise with you
or with your trainer would you let us
then give you a little prompt a little
tickler a little reminder what do you
call it tickler that’s fine i think that
i don’t know i’m looking at the
yeah i’m in between is there a cooler
i’m on the latter end of the millennial
spectrum right now i’ve got to have a
i don’t have a cooler word than tickler
a half hour before the workout like hey
you know we just just took a little
reminder we you know we’re mrs jones you
know we’re going to be meeting in a half
and it’s like oh now the trainer is
playing the role of the left frontal
cortex giving that signal that spark
that the depressed person is not getting
on their own so what do we find people
with depression can exercise people with
depression can enjoy exercise people
with depression can benefit enormously
but they cannot make themselves do it
so we have to let go of the judgment we
have to let go of the nagging we have to
and just be freaking realist about it
let’s validate for people that are
suffering with depression it’s like yes
depression is taking you away from your
it’s robbing you of capabilities that
but we’re going to partner with you
to help you do the things that you need
because when you’re well you’ll be able
to initiate all the things again
hopefully yeah if you could before you
you got depressed then you’ll be able to
again yeah yeah absolutely and i think
that’s the that’s the that’s a special
sauce in the tlc model because you know
at peaks recovery certainly we have an
opportunity to front line with
medications and do what we can there and
i hope that the viewers watching this as
well too can hear all the things that
doctors are trying to roll through in
their heads as prescribers or even
mid-level providers as they go through
this because i mean that’s back to my
point about the dopamine medication it’s
like don’t we have these things you know
it was kind of rhetorical right we do
have these things but why don’t we throw
that at them you know in that sort of
way because it comes with all these
consequences a med and then a med to
manage the symptoms of the med and you
know potentially all of this you know
and then on the other side of that we
have psychotherapy you know but the med
is going to take time to ramp up and the
depressed patient is having difficulty
just sitting in that environment and it
feels like as the next sensible thing
and why this tlc model is so fascinating
uh is because now we can do so much more
with the time that we have them within
these residential settings and
differently than the challenges of your
you know your research studies where
they had to kind of go home come back
report that sort of thing and you’ve got
and you can provide a level of support
and a level of for one of the better
word stress management sure that you
know is just going to be so
incredibly beneficial for many patients
and so with the integration i mean
when you talk about depression i just
this idea of like paralysis right it’s
like almost like a neural paralysis
where things just are stuck like you
move in any way shape or form
neurologically to a certain degree and
then you have something you introduce
medication which gives you
neuroplasticity right so you’ve got some
room to maneuver at that point but then
to actually make those changes and push
forward and push through that paralysis
neural like a neural partner right like
somebody to come and partner with you in
order to push you along and so then you
have these all of a sudden though you’ve
got all of the major components
especially in something like a
residential program where you can really
come at it from all these different
angles and like you said do all the
things right exactly right and then we
have iop right where we get to help them
make those habits lifelong habits and
and change the environment they’re in
and i think that’s what’s exciting about
this yes that’s a really important point
too right because we were talking about
so much of the if we if we zoom out to
landscape of mental health and treating
is it’s challenging to treat depression
in the first couple months
but we have the tools if we’re willing
to do all the things we’ve got the tools
it’s like we’ve got this in the great
the bigger challenge is treating it in
very similar case i would say i think
you’d agree with substance use disorders
where absolutely you know the short-term
outcomes are better generally than the
long-term outcomes and yet we’re playing
we want our patients to thrive in the
long term and so that means now how can
we pivot from this very cocoon like can
i use that word this oasis like
environment of 45 days where i’m going
but everything in my environment is
controlled and now i’ve got to pivot
back out to the real world my life as it
how do i take all of these new tools and
skills and associations and generalize
them out to my life in the world and
it’s like you’re speaking my love
language now because because i mean i’m
so excited about this this 45-day
that’s miraculous that that exists
but then to be able to take that and
take it out into somebody’s you know
real world life is is so important
yeah so well there are a lot of
different directions we can go yeah with
this yeah one of the one of the
challenges of integrated care and i
don’t know if uh if there’s you know a
tone you can put on it or give us some
insights or just a general conversation
but you go to integrate the care and
major depressive patient and sud patient
are sitting next to each other and say
i’m not like that person and i’m not
like that person and why are we in the
same room together and you’re treating
something different but it reminds you
know going back to that you know the the
dopamine you know uh reward circuits you
remember reward circuits in scenario
that’s the that’s the intersection
that’s the bridge well the two two
bridges one is profound suffering yeah
and you know i i don’t know if you all
find this but i find that when people
a lot of the superfluous things in life
get stripped away and people get very
because it’s like you know i mean like i
worked for three months on a brain tumor
for the most part had about a year to
and it was the most existentially
profound experience professionally of my
life because people just get so most
people not everyone but most people just
get very dialed in to what’s important
and i feel like a lot of sud patients
i mean they’ve been to the brink a lot
absolutely right they’ve been to the
a lot of depressed patients have been
suicidal they’ve been to the brink some
of them made a town some of them made
and then you know now they’re at this
moment where they’re like i you know
i can’t take much more of this i need
some relief and they’re coming to you
and your sud patients are coming to you
they’re experiencing the suffering
compromised reward circuits and you know
for those who want to take the deep dive
there’s a dopamine receptor subtype that
activity in the these circuits are
people with sud have low levels of d2
receptors so the reward circuits don’t
work correctly they don’t get high on
life but they get way way way too much
reward from substances of abuse
people with depression also low d2
receptors also wonky reward circuitry so
yeah and by the way there’s a lot of
overlap because a lot of people with
and a lot of addicts become depressed
and a lot of those who are not addicts
but just sud you know abuse folks get
depressed so and i think both of those
worlds those uh people suffering from
either sud or depression feel isolated
they feel like they feel completely
disconnected and brilliant and again
yeah earlier in the day we talked about
the idea of you know the opposite of
addiction being connection and so the i
and we were talking about the opposite
of suffering is also connection yeah so
it’s interesting you get it’s this
ironic thing again where you have two
people sitting next to each other who
feel so far apart but they’re actually
so close together and one of the actual
things that would make them feel even
better was is to find that connection
with each other and to share that so
it’s just this kind of i i don’t know i
think that we we live in a world of
irony a lot of times in what we do
there’s so many levels of irony that we
are dealing with and it’s just really
interesting to hear them point it out
that way and uh sort of have a different
angle and a different lens to look at it
through that’s a great connection i love
yeah just this idea that whether
somebody’s sud or depressed
they’re experiencing the sense of
alienation absolutely the sense of
often just profound disconnection yeah
often also i hadn’t thought about this
absolutely that’s literally a symptom of
is self-deprecation self-loathing but so
common in sud as well because people
have made really bad decisions often and
they’re beating themselves up and
they’re seeing the fallout absolutely
and i think we as a you know peaks we’ve
really we we work really hard to try to
uh substance use disorder and mental
health disorder being different they are
so the same you know they are so
intertwined it’s it’s again it goes it
goes back to suffering and it goes back
to this connection it goes back to
self-loathing it goes back to
this a sort of neural paralysis that you
exist in and and the treatment again is
there’s so much overlap and can be so
similar for both sides exactly and it’s
yeah so it’s just it’s great to hear i
don’t know some affirmation for that to
be quite honest yeah well i get really
excited about it and you know the other
thing i just want if it’s okay to circle
back to something you said earlier just
um okay so you’ve got 45 days if if
somebody’s coming residential if they’re
doing intensive outpatient it’s a little
when somebody’s suffering they want
if we use a standard anti-depressant so
the typical treatment that the majority
of patients are going to get one
antidepressant standard off the shelf
garden variety anti-depressant they’re
told usually like two to six weeks
depending if you’re lucky two weeks if
you’re not so lucky maybe four to six
weeks four kicks in and we see anxiety
three weeks depression four weeks is
typical okay there you go yeah
you know and there are exceptions or you
what what are we at that’s faster
well you know there’s a lot of
more i think of them maybe you all don’t
as a little bit more extreme
interventions um some folks obviously
have heard for decades about
electroshock that we now call
electroconvulsive therapy it’s faster
has re there are reasons why it’s not a
go-to intervention for most people but
tms transcranial magnetic stimulation
is faster for some people the effects
are not as robust yet as i would like
them to be but there’s there’s still it
can be faster well guess what this is
where i get super excited
light therapy bright light therapy not
just for somebody who has winter onset
depression not just for somebody who has
seasonal depression or sad some people
effects can kick in within five to seven
now i’ve got a nutritional intervention
that can kick in within seven days
and acetyl-carnitine is like it’s a
our bodies mostly have to i say a
nutrient it’s it’s a a nutrient that our
bodies make out of substrate that we get
from our diet how about that and the
the crappier our body isn’t making it so
if you look at people who are depressed
in their teens and 20s their levels of
acetyl-carnitine are usually sort of
okay they’re lower than we would want
them to be but they’re okay and and
what it means is if their levels are low
the powerhouse the mitochondria of their
brain cells are not as efficient and so
literally their brain is getting a bit
and the circuits that they need
uh get fatigued more quickly
so they can’t fire as efficiently okay
so we can supplement with
acetyl-l-carnitine and the best research
is two thousand milligrams a day divided
dose so a thousand milligrams twice a
meta-analysis studies of studies does
with an effect size that’s roughly on
has no common side effects
and effects kick in typically within
and were you saying that’s more
important with age more important with
the thank you right it’s yeah so for
those of us who are of a certain age
on the wrong side 40 how about the wrong
there’s some really nice signal in the
in the research that says that
middle-aged and older depressed
individuals really respond right and
younger individuals are less likely to
have that i haven’t heard of that before
so yeah it’s a pretty cool little little
and there are other things as well but i
even if we don’t want to go to something
as extreme as electro-convulsive therapy
to get that really fast effect because
we’re we’re all impatient we’re
we’re not saying right of course we’re
impatient but people are suffering
people’s lives are hanging in the
balance of course we’re impatient
we don’t have to wait four weeks
we have things already in the toolkit
that can get this recovery going and get
and i think a lot of people don’t
realize that can i give you one more
we did we did not rehearse this we don’t
script this i’m totally going off script
martin luther said sin boldly so here we
it’s a little reformation yeah the
come on sin boldly where is he taking
you you’ll edit that out yeah um
have you heard of it i’m not familiar
okay it involves three things the first
of which is going to blow your mind yeah
you want to know how to get
an immediate antidepressant effect with
someone even if they’re severely
depressed it will warning disclaimer it
will only last for about 12 hours
keep the person up for 36 straight hours
deprivation 36 hours of continuous
wakefulness has a profound acute
antidepressant effect why do we not use
it aside from the obvious people don’t
as soon as the person goes to sleep when
they wake up the next day they’re right
back where they started there’s zero
sleep deprivation strategically employed
antidepressant we can build on that
most people with depression have a body
clock that is out of sync with the
ambient world around them
the most common form of circadian phase
is the person’s body clock
thinks that it is a couple hours maybe
three hours later than it really is
so we say it’s phase advanced so they
wake up let’s say they’re wake time
what’s the wait time in the room here
six a.m is that yeah say six it’s great
okay yeah so their wake time is 6 a.m
but they’re wide awake at 3 a.m because
their body clock is telling them oh it’s
we call this by the way terminal
insomnia because it’s at the terminus of
their sleep cycle interesting okay
so we want to phase shift them
right and that will help a lot it will
help with their sleep which has
antidepressant therapeutic effects the
final thing is the use of bright light
therapy which we’ve talked about before
there is a center for chronotherapy in
we really should talk about this is
pretty cool because you guys could do
patients come in and they’re like okay
we’re going to combine these three
so we’re going to keep you up 36
let you sleep for a while
actually it’ll be more than 36 or eight
hours it’ll be we’re basically going to
shift their body clock about four hours
until we’ve run all the way through
the the clock if you think if you do the
math in your head it’s like five or six
and we’re going to hit them with a
massive dose of therapeutic bright light
to give a signal of circadian reset to
be like okay hey you know what
um it’s now 8 am but your brain thinks
it’s noon hey it’s now noon or 8 am but
your brain thinks it’s four in the
afternoon and then the next day eight
in the evening and after a week you’ve
run the entire cycle your back around
and you can get them entrained
perfectly to the world around them you
get the acute benefit of sleep
deprivation it doesn’t go away because
you’re continually keeping the brain off
balance and you have the antidepressant
effect of the bright light
and you can now connect with people
because they’re up at the same time
exactly yeah and at the center for
they um you know they try to use the
milieu of it right so they have like
activities for folks when it’s four in
the morning and they’re all up and they
and they shine pretty bright light out
in the patient day room where they’re
so it’s a it’s a but it’s a very fast
very powerful oh by the way it’s been
used in bipolar depression
and patients with bipolar are
exquisitely sensitive to light
exquisitely sensitive to changes in
circadian rhythm exquisitely sensitive
it has a roughly 50 percent acute
response rate in bipolar depression in a
than any in a week any current
therapeutic medication that we have for
so there’s some all kinds of really cool
exciting potentials i would say
and not to veer off script here but uh
on the manic side of bipolar disorder
wasn’t there a light benefit or an
anti-light benefit yeah because yeah
thank you so bipolar patients i don’t
know if you guys have ever experimented
with this but bipolar patients
exquisitely sensitive to light
you know going on and off of daylight
savings time can often be a trigger for
but it’s recently been discovered that
when a patient with bipolar is manic
mixed where there’s sort of
simultaneously manic and some depressive
if you use polarized wraparound goggles
or lenses polarized in the sense that
okay kind of like if folks know the rock
and has to filter out that light for
medical reasons for it’s the same basic
patients with mania who filter out
probably most people know about blocking
blue light like at night it’s blue light
patients with mania where they block out
blue light 24 7 and then stay out of
it has enormous potential to break a
and can be used in tandem with
to potentiate the effect to quicken the
effect to speed it up to make it more
and in some cases i’m not recommending
this at all but in some cases it’s been
used without medication for patients
as you probably know sometimes when
patients are manic they they do
everything against medical advice
because they have impaired judgment
and they will not take them in
but sometimes they will agree to wear
right sounds like a fantastic
so i feel like we’re just scratching the
of lifestyle based intervention
these things are like drugs and their
powerful stuff so dr ryan yeah you got
the challenging job we got to keep him
you get hazardous duty pay for that
i love the idea i think we need a little
more robust nursing staff
you’d have to definitely make some new
no but i’m curious dr reddit i mean
there’s somebody who you know you live
in the trenches with this right i’ve
you know being in rounds with you and um
with working with the clinical team the
medical team even our residential team
and and seeing people struggle and
really trying to get a hold on what is
going to be the best approach to help
stabilize them to help keep them engaged
i mean we’re not even at symptom
reduction yet at that point right but uh
but listening to this and listening to
this sort of approach and which does
feel integrative it actually has a
genuinely holistic feel to it i’m just
curious what your response is
i love it um i mean i think it has the
now to fix them while they’re with us
but more importantly to set them up for
earlier today steve you talked about a
do you want to yeah go ahead and talk
he talked about depression be having a
lot of different attachments and
thing you can pull off so a medication
you’re pulling off a big string you’re
pulling off another string with light
therapy with exercise with connectedness
with nutrition what am i missing
uh habits of healthy sleep habits of
healthy sleep i mean you’re just pulling
and i think the more we more of those
the better people are going to do i love
the analogy i think it’s great for thank
yeah metaphor metaphor analogy
yeah i i mean i a patient
many years ago said to me you know i
just feel like i’m caught in this web
um and it always stayed with me that
that image of like being trapped in this
web and then when i started thinking
about how depression involves all these
different layers of dysregulation
cognitive affective potential and we
haven’t even talked about like the
attentional biases people when they’re
the brain only wants to go to negative
things people when they’re depressed
they they don’t want to be around other
people so there’s the social withdrawal
piece there’s the i mean there’s so many
different layers and it’s like this web
and our typical approach like we talked
about earlier is monotherapy we’re going
to do the one thing we’re looking for
stone that we can throw at the web and
bring the whole thing down
and sometimes we get lucky sometimes we
get lucky and the one thing really does
bring it down for some people some for
but god it just makes so much more sense
to think about like what if i have a
whole pocket full of stones or you know
like a shotgun or something where i can
depression is so much more treacherous
than we give it credit for being it’s so
much harder to fix it is fixable
it’s completely fixable but it’s so much
harder to to get it well and keep
and we do our patients a grave
being very cavalier and very oh yeah
yeah we got this our these meds are like
magic these it’s like the meds you know
they’re helpful but they’re not all that
for so many patients but if we’re
willing to really take it seriously like
you all do at peaks that’s what i get
really excited about yeah i’m going to
send you so many patients yeah
love it also would love to figure out a
you know path forward to you know we
you know it’s a little bit different
than the ambulatory stylus setting in
which we could approach you know maybe a
project of research or something around
it to really ignite this and
locate its value proposition because
this is exciting stuff and
i don’t want to insist that we’re the
only treatment center thinking of this
i think our industry is sort of missing
this opportunity to really
bring in all of these things at the same
time but to do that we have to
responsibly think about integration of
care we cannot just talk about drugs in
these settings that’s a really visionary
a rich genuinely visionary sort of
approach because i mean here’s what i’m
you all tell me if i’m too naive about
this because you know the biz way better
to pay for the research to
like legitimately show with a carefully
controlled conducted research study
that this kind of multi-pronged
doing all the things approach
take to all the industry people all the
leaders all the you know and say
don’t just take our word for it like we
independent verification that what we’re
and we’d like we’d like to make this the
gold standard yeah but to do it right
it’s going to take some money
some money some time a lot of time
to get it right why did you point to me
when i when i hear all the things i
you are mr all the things that yes wait
he’s director of all things
chief of all things at peace recovery
there’s so much to expand on to talk
about to be excited about on this i do
you know while we got the the sort of
the medi the met the strict medical lens
here before we invite the the clinical
side of things into this you know the
anti-ruminating you know uh
psychotherapy psychotherapy approaches
and so forth into this i i did want to
touch base you know chris burns one of
the host president founder of peace
recovery centers is often talking about
the vulnerable population
and what i what i would like to talk
about is that you know it really uh
struck me as kind of obvious for myself
when you were talking about it earlier
you know i wake up in the morning and i
get the sunshine i think this is a
beautiful day look at this mountain
that’s in front of me pike’s peak
america’s mountain man so beautiful you
know we live among nature we get to see
deer running across the highway we get
it all here in you know colorado uh in
you know you get this high on life sort
of experience when your dopamine levels
are up and that’s my common experience
and why it resonates with me so much
with those lower dopamine levels that’s
the vulnerable person we’re talking
about right because they’re taking the
drug and they take it and all of a
sudden it’s the mountain they’re high on
life this is what this guy brandon was
experiencing when he was talking to me
about looking at the mountain that i
yeah exactly right so that’s that’s
appreciated and i think misunderstood
the brain of the person vulnerable to
addiction vulnerable to substance use
they’re very often genetically
predisposed to those low d2 receptor
levels so in other words genetically
as much to get high in life
and to have the drug be able to hack
into their reward circuits the drug
this is what you’ve been missing yeah
now you’re in a space where you feel on
by the way fun side note psilocybin
actually does not light up the brain’s
reward circuit or lsd or any of those
it really does i didn’t get that message
it could be i mean obviously it could be
yeah i mean depending on your own
experience it certainly can have a
reward component by the way
folks probably know psilocybin is now
being actively investigated
supercharging agent for effective
psychotherapy for depression
you know it increases plasticity it
opens people up to reconceptualizing
and under expert therapeutic guidance it
for a lot of healing for a lot of you
know sort of rapid response so i think
it’s been a little bit overhyped
oversold but i’m not in any way opposed
to that kind of research and work i just
basically i’m just giving like a public
service announcement for magic mushrooms
they are being actively investigated at
some of the leading research centers in
but they don’t they’re not a drug of
addiction typically yeah um but yeah
like alcohol how about i mean there’s a
very common drug of addiction
can i say this we were out to dinner
last night there may have been a glass
or two of alcohol consumed
um in a very responsible manner and
a little bit of dopaminergic reward
which you know all drugs of addiction do
but if somebody has high d2 receptor
levels they just walk away they’re just
like oh yeah that was fine whatever
and so i feel like once we start viewing
addiction through this lens of these are
brothers and sisters our fellow
who are laboring right now with the
burden of reward circuits that don’t get
lit up the way they’re supposed to
when they hug a friend when they see the
beauty of nature when they have an uh a
professional accomplishment when they
have sex when they do anything
except for using and when they’re using
then it lights everything up and that’s
a tragedy and you know it’s like if we
can have that viewpoint for me at least
i’ll just speak to myself judgment melts
seems to be the only sane response
yeah you know um so yeah i just i
i love the work you’re doing um i i love
i love the compassion i love the sanity
you know the community absolutely um
well i think that’s beautiful and
exactly what we’re you know what we’re
coming to here when we apprecia we can
all appreciate that decisions are being
made around alcohol use drug use and so
but at the level of decision making
those who suffer from addiction
that that is the underlying thing within
their being right that’s going to get
ignited and that experience is going to
happen making them most vulnerable or
gosh i want to do that one more time
just to because that felt really right
in that moment in displaced this moral
personal responsibility conundrum thing
we find ourselves stuck and i think as a
society to say well they chose right we
all choose but we’re all kind of
vulnerable and susceptible in different
ways within those choices and that
displaces personal responsibility uh
in a much different way than i
experience personal responsibility and
they’re just like i think that choice
narrative is actually true for people
who struggle with depression as well
because we’re so cavalier with what we
there is this idea well then just stop
being depressed you know like go do
stuff oh my god yourself feel better
just snap out of it just absolutely do
the things that you it’s like stop doing
the drugs snap out of the get stop being
so sad all the time you know watch a
funny movie that it’s it’s all of these
very like simplistic very misinformed
kind of perceptions that we have that
are ingrained culturally and have turned
what are really debilitating illnesses
into taboos absolutely and one of the
really interesting things that happens
when somebody’s recovering from
is it takes a while and by a while i
mean like three to 12 months
for their reward circuits to start
near normal yeah more normal
to get them past the craving and you
once they can push through with massive
and compassion and acceptance
to get to a place of sustained recovery
their d2 receptors start to normalize
their reward circuit starts they start
to regain the ability to get high on
because substance use actually changes
the brain and pushes those d2 receptors
substance use actually makes the reward
allows the reward circuits to normalize
and heal experience changes the brain
and that’s a profound sort of thought
yes we may be born genetically more
vulnerable less vulnerable but guess
i’ve known lots of people who were born
genetically not vulnerable to addiction
never had a problem until they were
prescribed a benzodiazepine like xanax
by the way benzodiazepines the number
one most prescribed class of psychiatric
what could possibly go wrong
yeah it’s our most prescribed that’s
crazy um so anyway i’m not here to bash
and so easy to find in the black market
as well too of course it’s everywhere
i have known people who were as far as i
know the only person in their very vast
extended genetic circle that had an
addiction they were addicted to benzos
typically family practice stock 90 of no
offense 90 of benzos are prescribed by
dogs not psychiatrists psychiatrists
usually see the danger usually not
the best the best family practice not
always the best family practice doctor
see the danger but a lot don’t right
so they’re prescribed the benzo
as a sleep aid yeah but they take it
every night yeah after getting their
ritalin and adderall yeah right yeah so
but but then after a couple years now
they are completely addicted
they did not start off with an addictive
vulnerability we created the addictive
vulnerability but now that they’re
addicted their d2 receptor levels are
low even though they were born with a
nice high genetic level you see it so
regardless of whether if you’re born
well guess what getting connected with
people being immersed in community
having better nutrition getting good
sleep all those things actually raise
your d2 receptor levels make you less
vulnerable and so people get out of our
detox they’re like why do i still feel
you have to be honest it’s going to take
a year before you start feeling near
normal yeah in two years before you’re
fairly normal yeah and well dr ryan
every addiction treatment center website
says we can fix this we can support this
and i think that to your point and the
reason i’m highlighting that because i’m
vulnerable to it you know we want to be
in a position to help people and our
website says something similar i think
we want to have more transparent honest
discussions about what this is going to
take from mental health primary to sud
primary you know a dual diagnosis of you
know maybe both categories uh in that
regard that we’re dealing with something
quite complex and it’s not taboo we
don’t shake it and it goes away we don’t
say stop thinking it and it goes away
you know or just throw these monotherapy
approaches at it it goes away we’ve
learned in real time the ineffective
nature of all of these approaches and
get real and honest about that support
the public to recognize that yes these
things are valuable but it’s not a
single shot and we need to work toward
all of these things in support of that
to the to be charitable to our industry
insurance is running a lot of this you
know you know through you know tms
clinic and so forth like that front-end
medication we have to see the failure
first before we can intervene with other
things at the level of insurance
that’s nonsense it perpetuates the issue
in a way as well too so not only is the
situation complex for major depressive
disorder sud and so forth it’s complex
from the downward pressure we experience
as a society for how these things are
paid for delivered in real time
that tangent i suppose for another day
highlight that from what you were
stating yeah i mean i i think
if you need help come to peaks i think
we do cutting edge medications i think
we have top-notch curriculum top-notch
therapists and we’re going to start
integrating more holistic
effects that are going to set people up
for the future i think that’s
that’s the next step for us
and and yeah and i love the fact that
there’s a kind of an interesting dance
one of your core values is
like unvarnished honesty you’ve never
told me that but i can see it right i
it’s just being really genuine and
but at the same time there’s a wisdom
there are helpful truths and there’s a
timing to it and i so here’s just my my
throw it out there and maybe this is a
i feel like when somebody is just
starting down the path of recovery
it’s too much to give them the truth of
like it could be two years
brother it could be two years before
literally ruining your life and you know
it and that’s why you’re here
um and we are here for you we’ve got
your back we’re going to partner with
you and we’ll get you through the
toughest stretch of it and we’re going
to give you all kinds of tools all kinds
you’re going to get one step closer to
we’re not going gonna lie and say it’s
an easy road but it’s a valuable road
and it’s so worth doing and you know
millions of people have discovered that
they’ve it’s like that path has been
blazed that trail has been blazed we
but you know what i mean so like
absolutely to celebrate the small wins
to celebrate like every day is a win
every day of sobriety every day of you
and yeah at the end of 45 days okay
we’re gonna be honest like this this was
the first phase of your journey
your odds of staying well you know
yeah absolutely i think it’s i think the
idea that being a journey is exactly
what it is and it’s it’s a journey of
discovery it’s a journey of healing it’s
a journey of repair yes uh
psychologically and and physiologically
and being able to like you said
entire spectrum of what recovery is
whether it’s recovery from substance use
or recovery within mental health
without suffering from mental health
diagnoses it’s it’s a journey every
recovered addict that i’ve known
has told me that early on that journey
they had to wholeheartedly embrace the
wisdom of just think about today
absolutely can you get through and if
can you get through the next hour right
and we’re here for you and we got you
and you know we’re going to get you
we face these moments of incredible
weakness and temptation but it’s like i
can power through the next hour or the
and if that person who’s feeling
depleted and overwhelmed has to think
oh my god it’s a two-year journey to get
you know it’s just it’s too much truth i
don’t even think about that it’s too
much truth for them right right
there’s got to be hope right there’s got
to be some next thing so maybe we don’t
think about it i think family systems
should appreciate this is going to have
a major time component to it but we
successful interventions along the way
we celebrate every win yeah absolutely
people with the we see it’s like you
know with kids it’s like you don’t
there’s certain knowledge that like
they’ll be ready for it someday but like
need to grapple with the problem of evil
right why are there psychopaths that
torment people and it’s like you know
what honey we’ll get there someday
you know though i will say i think
there’s a time where it it does benefit
people to know that to know that yes it
my brain will get back to normal because
because they have this fear that it’s
never going to get better absolutely and
well on that note um i suppose as the
host i gotta i gotta cut it at some
point the social media the kids they can
you know 30 seconds five minutes out of
times i’m sure somebody’s popping
popcorn in the background right now you
know we’re gonna come back to it i think
there’s still no wait there’s yeah no go
i was going to say there’s a drinking
game but this is the wrong audience
we’ll take it out of there
i cannot believe it the old clinical
i’m with college undergrads absolutely
all right totally different settings
no worries no worries and an
uh dr elardi being on this with us thank
you so much dr ryan for joining us as
all things peaks recovery centers to the
viewers out there i certainly hope this
was supportive helpful to your family
the knowledge download that’s taking
place and hopefully creating some
curiosity for you and your loved one
about how you can approach
treatment options down the road check
out dr steven elardy’s book the
depression cure amazon all the
bookstores it’s a great read on the next
episode we’re going to talk about the
is the the thread that makes all of this
true at the end of the day
we’ll talk about it we’ll challenge it
we’ll do all those things uh remember if
you’ve got uh additional questions
thoughts ideas finding peaks at
we’ll put it in there and that box there
we got some talent in the back that’ll
be able to do that for me uh chris burns
on the tick tock screaming at it love it
highlighting that on behalf of peaks
recovery centers uh the twitter the
facebooks all the other things until
next time everyone wait wait wait
i have a a podcast yeah yeah do it yeah
can i do it yeah absolutely
mental health with steve allardy and
hugh james it uh so it’s a he’s hugh is
who is hilarious unlike me
and it’s it’s we’re the perfect odd
couple he’s young i’m old uh he’s the
poet i’m the scientist he’s irish i’m a
we tackle really really deep dark tough
mental health mental illness issues
with a kind of a light touch
and yet at the same time really honoring
uh the experience of those that are
suffering different forms of mental
illness so um look for it if you’re in
the podcast we also are doing a youtube
thing so um very cool you had me at
okay love it and thank you and please
watch it absolutely listen to it get
involved with it this is a big topic an
uh professional and individual guiding
us through those things as well too so
until next time everybody thank you