By Wendy McElroy at Brownstone dot org.

When and why did the word "gender" displace the word "sex?" "Gender" refers to a person's socially constructed identity of being male, female, or some other category, while "sex" refers to physical characteristics of male or female, such as chromosomes. Gender is a matter of a person's self-perception; sex is a circumstance of birth.

When did sex get pushed to the curb by gender? In his book The Man Who Invented Gender, Terry Goldie claims that the sexologist John Money of Johns Hopkins Medical Center (Baltimore) first used the word "gender" in its modern meaning in 1955. Money pioneered the word to describe his famous John/Joan experiment that was conducted on a young boy named Bruce who'd lost his penis in an accident. To 'prove' Money's theory that sexual identity was learned and not biological, Bruce's parents raised him as a girl, complete with a surgically constructed vagina. The experiment failed. Bruce ultimately insisted on living as male, but he did not recover from the ordeal Money imposed on him, which he called torture. Bruce committed suicide in his 30s.

By then, however, Money had declared for decades that John/Joan was a complete success; discussions of "gender identity" abounded in '60s medical journals and academia. By the '70s and '80s, feminists brought the term to the streets, with "gender" describing a person's self-defined sociocultural identity and "sex" meaning biology. Then, the word wedged its way into government. In 1993, for instance, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) replaced "sex" with "gender" in its literature. In 2011, "sex" returned to the FDA to mean biology while "gender" meant "a person's self-representation." The term went global. Also in 1993, the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW) vaguely defined this aggression as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women."

Genderspeak became the language of elites, social justice activists, and the government, while average people still spoke of "sex". But more than elitism lies behind the difference in words. By swapping in their own terms, elitists—especially professional feminists—grabbed the narrative on sexuality and politicized it to dismiss anyone who disagrees. Since the average male generally still uses biology to define his sexuality, he is an opponent; the average male is a living, breathing disagreement.

The ideology of gender faces an obstacle, however. If people can argue effectively against gender, then the narrative is difficult to manage. Those who dissent must be intimidated into silence or otherwise marginalized. The main strategy is to condemn dissenters as hate-filled. If some people cannot be silenced, then their words or opinions can become hate crimes punishable by law. George Orwell's novel Nineteen-Eighty-Four is about a dystopian society of social control, which is maintained largely through restricting language. Since words are the foundation of thought, this means people cannot form thoughts, let alone articulate them. The villain of Nineteen-Eighty-Four proclaims, "The whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought." He concludes, "The Revolution will be complete when the language is perfect."

Men's health researcher James L. Nuzzo highlights an attempt to perfect the language. "In recent years, use of the phrase "gender-based violence" (or "gendered violence") in the titles and abstracts of papers indexed in PubMed has increased noticeably. Between 2019 and 2025, the phrase "gender-based violence" (or "gendered violence") appeared in the titles or abstracts of 2,784 articles indexed in PubMed." [Chart available here.]

A typical definition of gender-related violence or gendered violence is "any form of physical or non-physical violence or abuse against a person or group of people because of biased or harmful beliefs about gend...