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We get knee-deep in the peat this week to examine the bog body phenomenon. Due to their unusually anaerobic nature, bogs across the world have a remarkable ability to preserve any animal matter that falls into them. The cold and wet climate of Northern Europe has proven especially fruitful for the preservation of human corpses, many of which date back to the iron age and beyond. Generations of scholars have been enchanted by these enigmatic and unnerving corpses, whose flesh and faces are so well-preserved that they look like they could have died next week. Moreover, individual bog burials like the Egtved Girl and the Tollund Man offer unparalleled insights into the lives and typically violent deaths of individual people from the deep past. 

The existence of these bodies gives a voice to a people who could not read or write, and whose culture is only known from potsherds and petroglyphs and the occasional footnote of a Roman text. At the same time, any true understanding of their lives will always remain beyond our grasp. On this episode of Gladio Free Europe, we show this paradox has tantalized artists, archaeologists, and propagandists for hundreds of years. Join us to see what happens when the dead live again.

We are now on Patreon! We are not setting up a paywall, but if you would like to support Gladio Free Europe, we'll be thankful for your contribution.

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The Golden Age of Hollywood was a rough time to be an actor. Overdoses, suicides, and secret abortions were routine, but always escaped the papers thanks to the hard work of the studio fixers. In the 1930s to the 1950s, Hollywood studio heads hired thugs and corporate spies to maintain control of their employees and keep scandals under wraps, and these fixers often used blackmail and brutality to enforce the studio's will.

This week, Gladio Free Europe discuss Joel and Ethan Coen's recent classic Hail, Caesar!  which follows a day in the life of one of these fixers, a fairground bouncer turned movie executive named Eddie Mannix, played by Josh Brolin. Although the movie depicts him as a deeply conflicted family man, the real Mannix was a world-class scumbag who abused and manipulated may actors, particularly young women, and may have even murdered those who got in his way. Liam and Russian Sam recount some sordid stories about real Hollywood fixers, especially Mannix, and go into the unlikely origins of America's film industry and its early leaders such as Louis B. Mayer. The studio system was both awful and awe-inspiring, an institution that relied on terrible exploitation and enabled shocking abuse, but also produced many of the greatest cultural achievements America has ever seen. Men like Eddie Mannix made all of that possible.

This episode includes some graphic descriptions of abuse.

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In 1768, hundreds of Greek peasants were brought to Florida by an ambitious British businessman in hopes of creating a classical paradise in America. Within just three months, New Smyrna would be the site of a full-on worker's revolution and this utopian dream would go in flames. 

Liam and Russian Sam go back to Florida this week to chart the early history of the Sunshine State, starting with the first European explorations of the soupy, steamy peninsula by Ponce de Leon and ending with its ultimate annexation by the United States in 1821. In between, Florida changed hands many times and was the site of many different spectacular colonial failures. Storms, sickness, and starvation wrecked every European adventure into Florida, while at the same time allowing communities to Native Americans and freedmen to thrive undisturbed. Grandest of all of these colonial failures was New Smyrna, a beach town that still exists today. Scottish merchant Andrew Turnbull established the colony to be a homeland for Greek refugees from his wife Gracia's native country, but by the end most of the settlers were actually Catalans. Intended to be a model alternative to plantation slavery, New Smyrna was nonetheless the site of brutal forced labor. 

From start to finish, the New Smyrna was a dismal failure, but the history of this colony encapsulates so much that makes Florida unique, and possibly the most cursed corner of America.

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This week, we are joined by archaeologist Anton Larsson to discuss the other English-language movie about the Thirty Years War: Queen Christina, a historical romance starring the famous Greta Garbo. We discuss the multifaceted legacy of Sweden's famous philosopher-queen who oversaw the end of the long war waged by her father Gustavus Adolphus before ultimately converting to Catholicism and abdicating the throne.

We use this 1933 film to trace frenzied rise and fall of the Swedish Empire, the onetime bane of Central and Eastern Europe, which reached its apogee during the era of Christina. Surprisingly few Swedes today realize that their country was once the center of an overseas empire, but their neighbors sure haven't forgotten.  Sweden, seemingly existing on the periphery, provided a continuous stream of both trade and warfare in a surprisingly vast swathe of the world across many different eras. We look at (hopefully) the last of these while also chatting about the film and looking more closely into the life of the real-life Queen Christina.

Hosted by: Liam, Russian Sam, Anton

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The one and only Matt Christman of Chapo Trap House stopped by in our little valley to bring us the latest updates on the Thirty Years' War. We ventured into an overview of the history of the war, when the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse roamed the Earth, the 1971 James Clavell flick The Last Valley starring Omar Sharif and Michael Caine, and Matt's upcoming series Hell on Earth where he and producer Chris Wade dive into the terrifying world of 17th-century Central Europe. Is building a monkey house enough to secure the heart of your beloved? Was Ferdinand II literally Hitler? How did the grooming of one prince change the course of history? What does all of this mean for the world to come? Which personality from the Thirty Years' War would win in a gladiatorial match? All this and more on this week's Gladio Free Europe! Hell on Earth premiers on January 11.

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Bring out your cudgels, the midwestern barbarians are afoot! This week we delve into the massively underrated 1942 Christmas film The Man Who Came to Dinner starring Bette Davis and Monty Woolley, the story of the cranky proto-podcaster Sheridan Whiteside who seemingly breaks his hip on a speaking tour and is forced to recuperate in a podunk Ohio town. To contemporaries, Whiteside was obviously based on prolific critic and radio personality Alexander Woollcott, whose appraisal could make or break careers at the drop of a hat, even though his heft has largely been forgotten.

In this episode we explore the life of Woollcott as well as the famous social circle that surrounded him: the Algonquin Round Table, a collection of particularly gifted, galling, and gay young writers and comedians who met for lunch every day across the 20s and 30s. Members included Harpo Marx, Dorothy Parker, even Citizen Kane screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz. This extended circle of friends dominated the American culture industry in Hollywood's early days, and this movie is an amazing window into this period, filled with nods to many different members of Manhattan's "Algonquin Round Table", alternatively known as the "Vicious Circle." By the end of this episode, you'll see why The Man Who Came to Dinner deserves the highest seat in the holiday movie pantheon.

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Was your grandmother a Neanderthal? Did the English language originate in ancient Iran? What's a haplogroup anyway? These questions and more will be answered in our Q&A with returning guest Natasha, a molecular biologist with great insight into what recent breakthroughs in ancient DNA can and can't teach us about our past. This episode goes over the broad strokes of archaeogenetic research, using a few famous case studies to explore discoveries made through genetics as well as potential ethical pitfalls and dangerous misapplications. Plus, we make sure to dive into the hottest gossip and scandals currently tearing the field of ancient DNA research strand by strand.

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Thousands of years ago, the Egyptian princess Scota gave birth to a child who invented the Gaelic language and led his family on a journey through the desert for 440 years. Their descendants would move to Greece and then Spain, before becoming the first humans to finally conquer Ireland from a race of elves called the Tuatha Dé Danann. Meanwhile in Britain, 33 wicked Greek princess each married the Devil and gave birth to 33 terrible giants. Two exiled Trojan princes, Brutus and Corineus, would slaughter these giants and divide the island into two kingdoms called Britain and Cornwall, ruling for thousands of years until the arrival of Julius Caesar. 

Join Gladio Free Europe this to find out why medieval people believed these stories just as strongly as Americans believe that George Washington chopped down a cherry tree. In this episode, Liam and Russian dig into the phenomenon of legendary ancestors: mythical and often supernatural heroes and villains once thought to be the ancestors of entire kingdoms. We recount a few of the most interesting and far-fetched of these stories and explore what this reveals about how medieval people understood their place in the world. Although nobody talks about figures like Scota and Brutus today, their medieval legends played a huge role in the formation of early modern identities and even have unpleasant echoes in nationalism today. Last, we go over why all of us are more likely to be descended from kings and heroes and mythical snake-women than we might think.

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Every kid in America grows up hearing about "The First Thanksgiving" featuring Squanto, the Mayflower, and the surprising nutritional value of dead-fish fertilizer. But this patriotic narrative offers only a tiny glimpse at the astonishing and agonizing history of contact between Europeans and indigenous peoples of New England, who called themselves the Ninnimissinuok. Our multi-part series on 17th century New England begins by examining the beliefs, culture, rapidly-changing politics of nations like the Wampanoag and Narragansett hundreds of years before religious disputes on the other side of the ocean would send English interlopers into their land. We'll also look at colorful figures like George Waymouth and Ferdinando Gorges who were involved in exploration and even failed colonization in New England long before the Pilgrims, as well as the unbelievable stories of indigenous people like Sassacomit and the Tisquantum who were stolen from their homes and brought to Europe, yet managed to make it back in one piece. Last, look into how and why an obscure but probably real celebration between some Pilgrims and Wampanoags became an essential part of our nationalist mythos.

NOTE: The first 5 minutes of audio are lower quality due to an issue with Liam's mic. This Thanksgiving, Gladio Free Europe is thankful for your patience in dealing with this technical issue!

Outro music: Honor Song, a song of the eastern Algonquian peoples including the Wampanoag and the Mi'kmaq 

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At the turn of the century, thousands of Americans believed they had met the messiah: Cyrus Teed, an unassuming doctor from upstate New York.   

In this episode, Liam and Russian Sam explore the dead religion of Koreshanity, a short-lived but influential cult that sought to establish a celibate utopia before the end of days. Fascinating, occasionally frightening, but always uniquely American, Cyrus Teed and the Koreshans are like a skeleton key to understanding this country's spiritual history.  

After an electrifying near-death-experience convinced him that he was bound for greatness and would never die, Teed began preaching an elaborate religious doctrine he called "Koreshanity." Blending Biblical scripture and medieval hermeticism with modern ideas like socialism and feminism, he quickly amassed a devoted following across the United States and promised to build a "New Jerusalem," the largest city the world had ever seen. After his utopian commune ran into trouble in Chicago, Teed and his disciples moved to Florida where they sought to prove one of the central tenets of Koreshanity: that we're all living on the inside of a hollow planet.