Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria that causes inflammation of the stomach and duodenum lining. It is most often acquired in early childhood and causes some sub-clinical gastritis but usually doesn't cause overt symptoms until later in life when it can present with peptic ulcers, iron deficiency anaemia and certain cancers. Treatment is with oral antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor.

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(This isn't individual medical advice, please use your own clinical judgement and local guidelines when caring for your patients)