Steve Garner is a researcher at the department of Social Science at Cardiff University. The BBC Anylisis programme that he appeared in is available here.
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You're used to me
spouting on here based on not much more than my own prejudice, but here’s a
topic that I am actually qualified to talk about. I studied linguistics, and I
have quite a bit of experience in language learning.
And anyone who has
learnt a second language – I’ll even count National School Irish in there –
anyone who has learnt a second language will know that the words and phrases in
one language often don’t map exactly to the ones in another. A language is a
complete speech convention, it’s not a code. Things work differently from one
language to another. Some languages have several non-interchangeable words
where another language has just one or maybe none, and this can make problems
for a language learner who hasn’t grown up with the experience of knowing when
to use which word.
And this means that
people familiar with language learners will quickly learn to spot what is the
native language of the learner by the mistakes that they make in their target
language, the language they’re learning. There’s even a name for it, it’s
called native language interference.
Believe it or not, this is useful when it comes to understanding the comments
in the Daily Mail.
The comment was from
someone with the username DMreader and gave their location as Lovely England,
it was on an article about a request from a Russian-backed separatist in
Ukraine to Nigel Farage to support his cause.
Articles, in case
you’re not a linguist, are words like a
and the. Actually, if you remember
any of your Irish, you will be familiar with this. Irish has a definite
article, an, the equivalent of the, like we say ‘An Taoiseach’. But Irish has no indefinite article, no equivalent
for a or an. So, if you want to say ‘I
ate the apple’ you say ‘D'ith mé an
t-úll’; but if you want to say ‘I ate
an apple’ you say ‘D'ith mé úll’.
There is no translation of a or an, you just leave it out.
It’s easy to leave out
a word that you don’t have a translation for, but if you’re an language
learner, it’s much trickier to work out when to use words in your target