Historias Unknown

Maria Remedios del Valle is an Afro-Argentine woman, born in 1766 in Buenos Aires and through her brave fighting in the war for independence, she earned the title of "Mother of the Homeland", la madre de la patria. She had to fight for her pension and thanks to the work of Black organizations in Argentina, she is celebrated yearly on November 8. In 2013, November 8th was declared the “Day of Afro-Argentines and Afro-Culture.”

In today's episode, Cristina tells Carmen about her story. 

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected]

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ 

Sources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Remedios_del_Valle https://casadelaindependencia.cultura.gob.ar/noticia/maria-remedios-del-valle-la-capitana-de-la-patria/ Ball, E., Seijas, T., &; Snyder, T. (2020). 20 María Remedios del Valle, Nineteenth-Century Argentina. In As if she were free: A collective biography of women and emancipation in the Americas. essay, Cambrigde University Press.  

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In 1976, Azucena Villaflor's seemingly normal life, changed forever. Her son Nestor, and his girlfriend disappeared, during a time when many people were disappearing in Argentina. She looked for him and when she was ignored by local authorities, she and other mothers began gathering at the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires, all holding images of their missing loved ones and demanding answers. In December of 1977, the founder of the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, Azucena herself, disappeared.

TW for forced disappearances, state violence, murder and torture.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ 

Sources

https://www.latinolife.co.uk/articles/top-10-latin-american-female-revolutionaries https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-mar-24-fg-dirtywar24-story.html  https://www.chimuadventures.com/blog/2016/12/dirty-war-argentina/#:~:text=The%20disappeared%20children%20of%20the%20Dirty%20War&text=It%20is%20estimated%20that%20around,identities%2C%20or%20their%20real%20families.  https://open.spotify.com/episode/7Ch6q78my43stnIC8jBAkS?si=VOD9x4f4TCy8SzpqR1CNDw&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A0WXHcjuxPw7kmbmH2klfPY  https://open.spotify.com/episode/3GxFwuH2VdIibnFwEqieRM?si=RPPXtD20TSuP-wcEgg-41g&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A4C7xfgjjgRwg4gB42zehzu  https://open.spotify.com/episode/4k8n5tNbroNtQqzHDeCdWF?si=emM91eesRM6CJpOg7vt6Dw&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A2UrDPGhLf95TXal1Fs4zPs  https://www.britannica.com/event/Dirty-War 
Biografía de Azucena Villaflor: Creadora del movimiento Madres de Plaza de Mayo (Biblioteca 8 de marzo) (Spanish Edition) by Enrique Arrosagaray 

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One woman, one Black Mexican woman, made history singing Boleros and in Mexican music. She had a voice like no other. She was Toña la Negra.  She was a Black Mexican woman, of Haitian ancestry, performing, singing, dancing, in a culture that denied her existence. Mexico didn't count Afro-Mexicans in the census until 2010. She proudly sang of her culture.

In today's episdoe, Cristina tells Carmen about Toña la Negra's legacy.

If you participated in the 2006 student walkouts or La Gran Marcha, please email [email protected]

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected] o

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources

https://www.latinolife.co.uk/articles/we-love-tona-la-negra-1912-1982 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%B1a_la_Negra
https://youtu.be/qmtNPRxZyaU https://caravanzers.com/tona-la-negra/ https://foreverblackeffusion.wordpress.com/2014/12/04/tona-la-negra/ 

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The Young Lords started as a street gang in the Lincoln Park in Chicago, but not long after, they became a political organization, working with the Black Panthers and other groups in the Rainbow Coalition. They still fight today for neighborhood empowerment and self-determination for Puerto Rico, Latinos, and colonized people. Denise Oliver-Velez became an integral member in the Young Lords Organization during the 1970s and she went on to continue amazing work in human rights and education.

In today's episode, Cristina tells Carmen about the Young Lords, about Denise Oliver-Velez and at the end of the episode, Carmen brings a new segment, where she gives updates on the situation in El Salvador.

If you participated in the 2006 student walkouts or La Gran Marcha, please email [email protected]

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected]

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ 

Sources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denise_Oliver-Velez
Young Lords : A Reader edited by Derrick Enck-Wanzer, Irish Morales, Denise Oliver-Velez  https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights/young-lords-organization https://darrylrobertson3491.medium.com/a-history-of-the-young-lords-revolution-part-one-bdafa45f3ffb
The Young Lords ft Denise Oliver-Velez - Bryan Knight YouTube video 
Johanna Fernandez Presents "the Young Lords: A Radical History" 
Take Over How We Occupied a Hospital and Changed Public Healthcare- Documentary  

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Usually when discussing the enslavement of Africans, the United States immediately comes to mind and many, don't even think about Latin America. The trafficking of enslaved Black people in Mexico was thriving, especially from 1509 to 1619. In that time period, at least 120,000 enslaved were trafficked to Mexico. Of course, as with all oppression, there were uprisings and revolts. One successful revolt was that of Gaspar Yanga, who escaped enslavement, into the mountains, of Veracruz.  He stayed there, welcoming other escaped formerly enslaved Africans and they formed Yanga. They called themselves Yanguicos.

On today's episode, Crisina tells Carmen about Gaspar Yanga and the Yanguicos.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected] o

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources

https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/46/3/235/158429/Negro-Slave-Control-and-Resistance-in-Colonial
http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2011/05/gaspar-yanga-1570-african-slave-revolt.html?m=1 https://daily.jstor.org/mexicos-yanga-commenorates-founding/ 

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Despite numerous human rights violations, fraud, authoritarianism, and corruption, the Salvadoran President, Bukele, has immense support from Salvadorans, but even among intense oppression, there are also brave dissidents who oppose Bukele.

In the episode titled El Salvador: the History of Bukele, Carmen shared how Bukele rose to power and in the episode titled El Salvador: Bukele and the State of Exception, Carmen shared about the human rights violations and state violence that have occurred during the state of exception. Now, on today’s episode Carmen tells Cristina about protests and movements against Bukele.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources

https://cispes.org/article/thousands-protest-independence-day-el-salvador?language=es  https://thehill.com/homenews/news/577129-thousands-protest-against-bukele-in-el-salvador-as-grievances-mount/ 
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/thousands-protest-against-bukele-government-in-el-salvador  https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/4/22/central-america-unrest-repression-grow-amid-coronavirus-crisis 
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/pg/photo-gallery/health-workers-protest-in-front-of-congress-in-el-salvador-and-ask-for-strict-quarantine 
https://peoplesdispatch.org/2020/05/15/massive-protests-in-el-salvador-against-president-nayib-bukele/ 
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/18/thousands-protest-in-el-salvador-against-bukele-government 

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During chaos, disasters and loss, it seems that you can look and always see a furry friend, there to help. Hero dogs like Frida, who rescued many after earthquakes, but also unofficial rescue dogs like Citla, who was known to help lost mountain climbers in Mexico. On today's episode, Carmen and Cristina tell each other about these historic and heroic puppers.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources

https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/citla-el-perro-de-nieve-que-salvo-a-montanistas-en-el-pico-de-orizaba.html
https://www.vallartadaily.com/citla-mountain-dog/
https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/mexicos-frida-beloved-rescue-dog-turned-national-icon-dies-2022-11-16/  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Puebla_earthquake#:~:text=The%20Mexico%20City%20campus%20of,Mexico%20earthquake%20rescue%20efforts%20continued.  https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138051087/mexico-pays-tribute-to-frida-the-golden-labrador-who-saved-lives
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/frida-dog-mexico-frida-the-hero-rescue-dog-who-became-a-symbol-of-hope-after-deadly-mexico-earthquake-retires/ https://www.odditycentral.com/animals/hero-dog-leads-rescuers-to-84-year-old-owner-who-had-been-missing-for-a-week.html

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Gum or forms of gum have been used by people for the longest time, but the commercialization of gum is relatively new, in terms of history. In the Americas, indigenous peoples have been chewing gum for, well, forever. In the Yucatan region, their gum is chicle based and chicle is the milky latex of the sapodilla tree. These trees were abundant in southern Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. What does chicle have to do with former Mexican president Santa Anna?

On today's episode, Cristina tells Carmen about the history of gum and what it has to do with former Mexican president Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ W

Sources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna https://www.thoughtco.com/antonio-lopez-de-santa-anna-biography-2136663 https://www.npr.org/2009/07/12/106439600/chicle-a-chewy-story-of-the-americas
CHICLE: THE CHEWING GUM OF THE AMERICAS, FROM THE ANCIENT MAYA TO WILLIAM WRIGLEY BY JENNIFER P. MATHEWS 

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On March 25, 2022, until the 28th, 87 homicides took place in El Salvador. These 3 deadly days led President Nayib Bukele to enact a State of Exception. The state of exception is temporary, to address emergency situations, but Bukele has continuously extended the 30 day exception. As of today, 1/12/22, the state of exception is still in place. Thousands have been arrested and hundreds have reported abuses during the state of exception.

On today's episode, Carmen tells Cristina about the state of exception and shares stories of those that have been affected. This is part three of our 3 part topic discussing El Salvador.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources -

https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2019/02/09/americas/el-salvador-president-bukele-profile-intl/index.html  https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/26/naybib-bukele-el-salvador-president-coolest-dictator
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/08/nayib-bukele-salvador-millenial-dictator-authoritarianism.html 
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/el-salvador-bitcoin-law-volcano-bonds-nayib-bukele-1388472/ 
https://open.spotify.com/episode/4dj7fZ7p4g7N9a8IXlerz0?si=D4IABWPnTBuO2E9mfOGC0Q&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A3skDSKvB1twtAxgLh0645y https://open.spotify.com/episode/6f0wIZz54TJNgGDOkxkp0O?si=8MLMvvI4QJuE87DPEfV7oA&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A3skDSKvB1twtAxgLh0645y  https://youtu.be/2o5VApD_dKU
https://open.spotify.com/episode/0ysZMGaE78eJG59v9SxHcf?si=eAOGy5qaR1Wm_6BDkUCw6Q&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A3skDSKvB1twtAxgLh0645y  https://open.spotify.com/episode/6KFzaQEeGKtf9OhySU5McI?si=xYdDKIROTrODx_hTA-N84g&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A3skDSKvB1twtAxgLh0645y  https://journalofdemocracy.org/articles/latin-america-erupts-millennial-authoritarianism-in-el-salvador/ 

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A democratic two party government was put in place after the long Salvadoran civil war. These parties were the FMLN and ARENA, but throughout the years, both parties have seen a number of corruption scandals. From these scandals and mistrust, one politician was able to rise to power, but had his own share of corruption. This episode is part two of a series of episodes on El Salvador. Last episode, Cristina talked about El Mozote Massacre and the civil war, which ended in a discussion on the current president, Bukele and his part in ending the trial of el Mozote.

On this episode, Carmen shares the history of Bukele and what led him to gain power. In the final installment, next episode, Carmen will discuss Bukele's State of Exception

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ 

Sources -

https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2019/02/09/americas/el-salvador-president-bukele-profile-intl/index.html  https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/26/naybib-bukele-el-salvador-president-coolest-dictator
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/08/nayib-bukele-salvador-millenial-dictator-authoritarianism.html 
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/el-salvador-bitcoin-law-volcano-bonds-nayib-bukele-1388472/ 
https://open.spotify.com/episode/4dj7fZ7p4g7N9a8IXlerz0?si=D4IABWPnTBuO2E9mfOGC0Q&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A3skDSKvB1twtAxgLh0645y https://open.spotify.com/episode/6f0wIZz54TJNgGDOkxkp0O?si=8MLMvvI4QJuE87DPEfV7oA&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A3skDSKvB1twtAxgLh0645y  https://youtu.be/2o5VApD_dKU
https://open.spotify.com/episode/0ysZMGaE78eJG59v9SxHcf?si=eAOGy5qaR1Wm_6BDkUCw6Q&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A3skDSKvB1twtAxgLh0645y  https://open.spotify.com/episode/6KFzaQEeGKtf9OhySU5McI?si=xYdDKIROTrODx_hTA-N84g&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A3skDSKvB1twtAxgLh0645y  https://journalofdemocracy.org/articles/latin-america-erupts-millennial-authoritarianism-in-el-salvador/ 

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