Historias Unknown

The years from 1910 to 1920 are known as La Matanza (the massacre) or La Hora de Sangre (the hour of blood). This violence was committed by state police, vigilantes and military, including the Texas rangers, whose violence was worse during 1915 to 1919. Estimates of the number of dead Mexicans from these years range from 300 to 5000, but it’s not exact because so many murders went unreported.

In this episode, Cristina talks about the lynching of two teens in Texas during La Matanza. The lynching of 14 year old Antonio Gomez and 15 year old Leon Martinez.

This is a very heavy episode, listen with caution.

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe

Sources: 

The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928
The Lynching of Mexicans in the Texas Borderlands by Nicholas Villanueva

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The years from 1910 to 1920 were brutal, and are known by a couple names, La Matanza (the massacre) or La Hora de Sangre (the hour of blood). This violence was committed by state police, vigilantes and military, including the Texas rangers, whose violence was worse during 1915 to 1919. Estimates of the number of dead Mexicans from these years range from 300 to 5000, but it’s not exact because so many murders went unreported. 

The lynching of Antonio Rodriguez is considered the first during this deadly 10 year period. 

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe

Sources

The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928
The Lynching of Mexicans in the Texas Borderlands by Nicholas Villanueva

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The Lynching of Josefa took place on July 5, 1851 in Downieville, California in Sierra county. Throughout history, she has gone unnamed, her name has been changed or only a first name was ever provided.  Her name was Josefa Loaiza, as time went on, her name became only Juanita. She was the first and only Mexican woman lynched in California

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe


Sources

The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928

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The Tuskegee Institure’s definition of lynching is as follows: There must be legal evidence that a person was killed. That person must have met death illegally. A group of three or more persons must have participated in the killing. The group must have acted under the pretext of service to justice, race or tradition. Following that, the amount of lynchings against Mexicans in the US from 1848 to 1928 is at least 548. 

In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about the history of lynchings against Mexicans in the US. This is part one of a mini series discussing this dark chapter in US history. Listen with care. In the next episode, Cristina will discuss the lynching of Josefa in California. 

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe

Sources

https://southernspaces.org/2018/review-lynching-mexicans-texas-borderlands/
https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-texas-rangers-good-guys-no-more/
Lynching in the West: 1850-1935 (a John Hope Franklin Center Book)by Ken Gonzales-Day
The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greaser_Act#:~:text=The%20original%20title%20of%20the,potential%20avenues%20of%20employment%20for
https://bajaarizonahistory.org/filibuster-on-the-sonoita/

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Carmen Rodriguez was treated at Lincoln hospital just a few days after the Young Lords occupied the building. The care she received directly led to the creation of the Patient Bill of rights.This is part two of last week's episode.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe

Sources

https://disruptnow.org/defining-the-enemy/young-lords-expose-murder-at-lincoln-hospital
https://disruptnow.org/tag/healthcare
https://centerforhealthequity.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/fernandez-intro.pdf
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/lincoln-pediatric-collective/
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/224c69d9f2c44c31a7654fde7108f08f
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/young-lords
How We Occupied a Hospital and Changed Public Health Care

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On July 14, 1970 the Young Lords occupied Lincoln hospital, in response to the treatment of Puerto Rican and Black patients. They had a list of demands and the offensive was just one piece of their public health activism. 

In part one, Cristina tells Carmen about what led up to the offensive and about the occupation of the hospital itself. Part two will be about Carmen Rodriguez  and how the care she received led to the patient bill of rights.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcast

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources

https://disruptnow.org/defining-the-enemy/young-lords-expose-murder-at-lincoln-hospital
https://disruptnow.org/tag/healthcare
https://centerforhealthequity.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/fernandez-intro.pdf
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/lincoln-pediatric-collective/
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/224c69d9f2c44c31a7654fde7108f08f
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/young-lords
How We Occupied a Hospital and Changed Public Health Care


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Because of the movie Sinners, there has been a lot of talk about why Mexicans were not in Mississippi in 1932. With many blaming Mexican repatriation, which took place from 1929 to 1939. But it seems the truth is more complicated than that.

Cristina tells Carmen about the brief history of Mexicans in the Mississippi.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources
https://daily.jstor.org/jim-crow-affected-mexican-immigrants-too/
https://www.axios.com/2022/02/24/tamales-blues-latino-links-american-black-south
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.5149/9781469624976_weise.5.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3Aeea05938c570713b8d1b39c47033e1e1&ab_segments=&initiator=&acceptTC=1
Different from That Which Is Intended for the Colored Race: Mexicans and Mexico in Jim Crow Mississippi, 1918–1939 Book Title: Corazón de Dixie Book Subtitle: Mexicanos in the U.S. South since 1910 Book Author(s): JULIE M. WEISE Published by: University of North Carolina Press. (2015)
https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/mexicans-and-mexican-americans-mississippi-delta/
https://www.sunherald.com/news/local/counties/jackson-county/article254921792.html#amp_ct=1745534488450&_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17455342513681&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunherald.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcounties%2Fjackson-county%2Farticle254921792.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation
https://www.uscis.gov/about-us/our-history/stories-from-the-archives/ins-records-for-1930s-mexican-repatriations
https://indianahistory.org/blog/by-the-train-loads-mexican-repatriation-movement-in-the-midwest-part-i/
https://indianahistory.org/blog/by-the-train-loads-mexican-repatriation-movement-in-the-midwest-part-ii/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_tamale_(food)

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On November 5, 1843, an enslaved woman named Carlota Lucumi, also known as La Negra Carlota de Cuba, led an uprising at the Triunvirato sugar plantation, located in Matanzas, Cuba. The uprising became known as the Triunvirato Rebellion, and inspired further rebellions among the enslaved in Cuba. Carmen shares the story of Carlota Lucumi and at the end, Cristina shares a brief Bukele update.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources

Working Class History: Everyday Acts of Resistance and Rebellion 
https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/carlotta-lucumi-la-negra-carlota-1844/
https://www.afrocubaweb.com/carlota.htm
https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2019/3/15/1840991/-Black-Kos-Week-In-Review-She-was-a-rebel-slave-leader-a-cold-war-symbol-and-a-modern-icon

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In 1936, Jesus Pallares, a union leader, along with 100 Mexican American mineworkers were deported as “undesirable aliens” after a strike in Gallup, New Mexico. Martial law was declared to break the strike. Hundreds of miners and their families were evicted from their homes, two miners were killed by sheriffs, many, like Jesus, were arrested and deported.

Carmen tells Cristina about this point in history and compares it to more recent precedented times. If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcast

Follow on social media:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources

Working Class History Everyday Acts of Resistance & Rebellion 
https://revolutionsnewsstand.com/2025/03/30/gallup-new-mexico-uncle-sam-mops-up-by-a-l-wirin-from-pacific-weekly-carmel-vol-2-no-26-june-28-1935/ 
https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2015/6/29/1397574/-Organizing-in-the-Mines 
https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-8/lrs-chicano/part-2.htm 
https://workersvoiceus.org/justin-akers-chacon-and-mike-davis-no-one-is-illegal-excerpt-2017-2/ 
https://apnews.com/article/immigration-raid-bellingham-washington-roofing-company-73dfd3d3ca1af12503108616f3726e12

Three Ways to Support Detained Farmworker Organizer Alfredo Lelo Juarez

Bukele Segment Sources:

https://apnews.com/article/kilmar-abrego-garcia-el-salvador-trump-deported-e537cfb69a9840046b5d3e512509e9a8

https://apnews.com/article/who-is-abrego-garcia-e1b2af6528f915a1f0ec60f9a1c73cdd

https://cristosal.org/EN/2023/08/17/report-one-year-under-the-state-of-exception/

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Carmen and Cristina announce a short break to take some time to catch up! 

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

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