What does it take to map the oceans when most of the world's seabed remains unseen and unmapped? That's the question I explored with Mike Liddell from Fugro, a company using technology to reveal what lies beneath the waves.

In our conversation, Mike explained why surveying the ocean is like "working in heavy fog on a roller coaster" and how traditional tools like light and radio signals are useless underwater. Instead, sonar, robotics, and increasingly AI are stepping in to make sense of this hidden world.

Mike described the huge scale of the challenge, from mapping areas larger than major cities to supporting offshore wind farms that power our clean energy transition.

With labour shortages and younger generations less willing to spend months at sea, Fugro is shifting to remote operations centres and uncrewed surface vessels. These new approaches not only widen the talent pool but also cut fuel use dramatically—by as much as 95 percent compared to older ships.

What really struck me was the pace of change. A few years ago, offshore vessels struggled with internet speeds reminiscent of dial-up modems.

Today, satellite systems like Starlink make real-time collaboration between sea and shore possible. Add in AI that can process data at the edge and make instant decisions about where and how to collect information, and you begin to see how marine surveying is entering a new era.

This episode is a glimpse into that frontier and into how technology is reshaping the way we understand and care for our blue planet.

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