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几乎每一个运动过的人都做过热身——体育课上绕操场跑两圈、打球前随便投几个篮、跑马前在人群里抖抖腿。但”做了”和”做对了”之间,差距可能比想象中大。
2026年7月,由西班牙等多国学者牵头、覆盖23个国家的国际专家组在《International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance》发表了一份专门针对运动员热身方案的德尔菲专家共识。这是迄今少见的”只谈热身”的系统性国际共识。
本期我们结合这份专家共识,聊聊很多人都在敷衍的运动热身。
💬欢迎在评论区聊聊:你运动前会认真做热身吗?
📢加入听友群:添加小助理微信「daxiongnizaiganma」
🔍本期重点话题:
03:03 热身到底让身体发生了哪些生理变化?
06:23 只靠捂汗、桑拿可以代替热身吗?主动热身 vs 被动加热:为什么光身体发热还远远不够?
10:00热身时长、强度,热完距离正式运动要隔多久?
16:31 什么是「再热身」
22:15 静态拉伸还能用在热身里吗?
26:56 一个专业的热身框架,可以直接套用
40:52 热身能否减少心源性猝死
47:23 热身能降低运动损伤风险吗?
49:25 六大项目热身流程参考:足球|篮球|羽毛球|HYROX|跑步|力量 & 举重
65:11 环境温度、早晚训练、大龄运动者的热身调整建议
参考文献
1. International Expert Consensus on Warm-Up Protocols for Athletes: A Delphi Study. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2025-0647. PMID: 42476526.
2. Warm up I: potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200333060-00005. PMID: 12744717.
3. Warm up II: performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200333070-00002. PMID: 12762825.
4. The effect of muscle warm-up on voluntary and evoked force-time parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101024. PMID: 39864808.
5. Heated jackets and dryland-based activation exercises used as additional warm-ups during transition enhance sprint swimming performance. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.04.012. PMID: 25987491.
6. Effects of Warm-Up, Post-Warm-Up, and Re-Warm-Up Strategies on Explosive Efforts in Team Sports: A Systematic Review. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0958-5. PMID: 29968230.
7. A passive heat maintenance strategy implemented during a simulated half-time improves lower body power output and repeated sprint ability in professional Rugby Union players. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119374. PMID: 25785393.
8. A 1-Minute Re-warm Up at High-Intensity Improves Sprint Performance During the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.616158. PMID: 33519521.
9. Profiling the Responses of Soccer Substitutes: A Review of Current Literature. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0962-9. PMID: 30051171.
10. Sports and environmental temperature: From warming-up to heating-up. Temperature. DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1356427. PMID: 28944269.
11. Diurnal Variation in Maximum Endurance and Maximum Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002773. PMID: 34431827.
12. Does pre-exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta-analytical review. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01444.x. PMID: 22316148.
13. Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0235. PMID: 26642915.
14. No Effect of Muscle Stretching within a Full, Dynamic Warm-up on Athletic Performance. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001539. PMID: 29300214.
15. The countermovement jump to monitor neuromuscular status: A meta-analysis. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.011. PMID: 27663764.
16. Comparison of the Capacity of Different Jump and Sprint Field Tests to Detect Neuromuscular Fatigue. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000912. PMID: 26308829.
17. 25 Years of Session Rating of Perceived Exertion: Historical Perspective and Development. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0599. PMID: 33508782.
18. Factors Modulating Post-Activation Potentiation and its Effect on Performance of Subsequent Explosive Activities. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200939020-00004. PMID: 19203135.
19. Post-activation Potentiation Versus Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Humans: Historical Perspective, Current Issues, and Future Directions. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01359. PMID: 31736781.
20. A New Taxonomy for Postactivation Potentiation in Sport. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0350. PMID: 32820135.
21. Meta-analysis of postactivation potentiation and power: effects of conditioning activity, volume, gender, rest periods, and training status. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825c2bdb. PMID: 22580978.
22. Factors Modulating Post-Activation Potentiation of Jump, Sprint, Throw, and Upper-Body Ballistic Performances: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0415-7. PMID: 26508319.
23. Optimizing Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Athletic Tasks: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis for Prescription Variables and Research Methods. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02170-6. PMID: 39853660.
24. How Priming Exercise Affects Oxygen Uptake Kinetics: From Underpinning Mechanisms to Endurance Performance. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01832-1. PMID: 37010782.
25. Oxygen Uptake Kinetics. DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100072. PMID: 23798293.
26. Prior heavy exercise elevates pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and speeds O2 uptake kinetics in healthy young adults. PMID: 15579570.
27. O2 uptake kinetics following prior heavy exercise are associated with muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activation in humans. PMID: 16990406.
28. Prior moderate and heavy exercise accelerate oxygen uptake and cardiac output kinetics in endurance athletes. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91550.2008. PMID: 19246653.
29. Optimizing the “priming” effect: influence of prior exercise intensity and recovery duration on O2 uptake kinetics and severe-intensity exercise tolerance. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00810.2009. PMID: 19797685.
30. No Evidence of Postactivation Performance Enhancement on Endurance Exercises: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003308. PMID: 37796168.
31. Warming Up Before a 20-Minute Endurance Effort: Is It Really Worth It? DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0554. PMID: 32182586.
32. Cardiovascular responses to sudden strenuous exercise: heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1973.34.6.833. PMID: 4711594.
33. Ischemic response to sudden strenuous exercise in healthy men. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.48.5.936. PMID: 4751958.
34. Cardiovascular response to sudden strenuous exercise. DOI: 10.1007/BF01906853. PMID: 3632566.
35. Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199312023292301. PMID: 8232456.
这几个场景大家应该都不陌生:健身房的力量训练区里,几乎全是男性。一位女生想进去练器械,在门口转了三圈,最后还是回到了跑步机和瑜伽垫;一位产后半年的妈妈,想通过跳绳减肥却发现自己开始漏尿,她以为“女人生完都这样”;自己的妈妈五十多岁,体检查出骨量减少,医生只开了钙片,告诉她多补钙……
我们好像默认了力量训练是男人的事,而女性身上那些和肌肉、骨骼、盆底有关的麻烦,是天生的,只能接受。但这两件事都是不对的
本期提到的相关单集:
064 久坐是怎么杀死你的屁股的
037 力量训练中断后,身体机能和运动表现都是如何下降的
029 女运动员三联征——一种从精英到大众都普遍面临的健康问题
005 什么?运动损伤竟然也男女有别?
欢迎大家加入听友群,可以添加小助理微信,小助理会将您拉进听友群中
03:14 到底是哪些因素阻止了女性进入力量训练区
13:22 历史上,女性是如何一步步抢回杠铃,站上力量训练舞台的
18:51 力量训练到底能为女性带来哪些好处(骨骼、肌肉、代谢、心理、生活质量)
31:56 男女之间的力量训练差异到底有没有?有多大?(内分泌和代谢系统)
42:18 月经周期的不同阶段对训练有没有影响?
48:11 女性要格外注意的力量训练损伤部位(ACL和盆底肌)
54:13 对准备开始力量训练的女性朋友的一些建议(练什么,什么频率,什么重量)
61:10 一些长期力量训练的女性听众们分享的心得和建议
61:39 小红书id:猫梨贝贝椰(4群听友)
63:48 1群听友:小小
65:33 1群听友:kyna
67:39 小红书id:可可爱爱是牛奶(3群听友)
69:13 2群听友:菜菜
参考文献:
[1] Strength unseen: confronting prejudice in women’s resistance and weight training[J/OL]. DOI:10.1080/07853890.2026.2661150
[2] National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Strength and Conditioning of Female Athletes. Part II: Training Adaptations and Program Design[J/OL]. DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000005493
[3] National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Strength and Conditioning of Female Athletes. Part I: Lifespan, Injury, and Health Considerations[J/OL]. DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000005544 .
[4] Evolution of resistance training in women: History and mechanisms for health and performance[J/OL]. DOI:10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.005
[5] Sex Differences in Association of Physical Activity With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality[J/OL]. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019
[6] Understanding the female athlete: molecular mechanisms underpinning menstrual phase differences in exercise metabolism[J/OL]. DOI:10.1007/s00421-022-05090-3
[7] Narrative Review of Sex Differences in Muscle Strength, Endurance, Activation, Size, Fiber Type, and Strength Training Participation Rates, Preferences, Motivations, Injuries, and Neuromuscular Adaptations[J/OL]. DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000004329
[8] Resistance training alters body composition in middle-aged women depending on menopause - A 20-week control trial[J/OL]. DOI:10.1186/s12905-023-02671-y
[9] Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function[J/OL]. DOI:10.1007/S40279-022-01733-9
[10] Historical and Social Considerations of Strength Training for Female Athletes[J/OL]. DOI:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000478
[11] Sex Differences in Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J/OL]. DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003521
[12] Links Between Testosterone, Oestrogen, and the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and Resistance Exercise Muscle Adaptations[J/OL]. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2020.621226
[13] Effect of Estrogen on Musculoskeletal Performance and Injury Risk[J/OL]. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2018.01834
[14] Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance[J/OL]. DOI:10.1210/er.2018-00020
[15] Effect of resistance training on body composition, self‐efficacy, depression, and activity in postpartum women[J/OL].DOI:10.1111/J.1600-0838.2012.01490.X
[16] Characteristics of circulating growth hormone in women after acute heavy resistance exercise[J/OL]. DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.4.E878
[17] Strength and skeletal muscle adaptations in heavy-resistance-trained women after detraining and retraining[J/OL]. DOI:10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.631
不知道你有没有出现过这种症状:
天气、季节、环境一变就复发的慢性咽炎、鼻炎、湿疹;
花粉、猫毛、灰尘、冷空气……稍微有点什么刺激就立刻开始过敏;
吃完饭不久就开始胀气、胃疼、肠易激、反酸烧心,做了肠镜胃镜又检查不出问题;
训练后肌肉增长慢、恢复慢,减重时肌肉和力量一起掉,大强度运动之后特别容易感冒发烧;
无缘无故的会觉得精力差,干什么都提不起劲,天天emo……
这些问题最折磨人的地方,往往不是某一次特别严重,而是始终无法彻底摆脱。继续拖下去,它们可能从“偶尔难受”变成生活的一部分:吃饭要躲着吃,换季要提前备药,运动不敢加量,工作时注意力被疼痛和疲劳不断打断,晚上又因为身体不舒服睡不好。
其实很多一直解决不了的小毛病,可能都跟身体里一种物质——骨化二醇的水平有关
欢迎大家加入听友群,可以添加小助理微信,小助理会将您拉进听友群中
02:50 骨化二醇是什么?它是跟骨头有关吗?
13:05 身体里缺了它,都容易出现哪些方面的问题?有科学依据吗?
19:53 怎么查自己的骨化二醇水平?检测结果怎么看?
26:04 检查出来我的骨化二醇水平挺高的,是不是就可以高枕无忧了?
27:38 重点聊聊骨化二醇缺乏对运动表现的影响
36:55 20/30/40/50/60~70ng/ml,不同的骨化二醇水平,都会对身体产生哪些影响?是补的越高越好吗?
61:52 为什么有人怎么都补不起来?骨化二醇怎么补最有效?
参考文献
Huang等,肠易激随机试验荟萃分析,2022,DOI:10.1186/s12937-022-00777-x
Ng等,特应性皮炎系统综述与荟萃分析,2022,DOI:10.1002/prp2.900
Siddiqui等,慢性荨麻疹系统综述,2025,DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-02852-5
Lim等,痤疮随机对照研究,2016,DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0161162
Rahimi等,脂溢性皮炎关联研究,2021,DOI:10.1155/2021/6623271
Rivero-Yeverino等,过敏性鼻炎随机研究,2024,DOI:10.29262/ram.v71i2.1282
Martineau等,急性呼吸道感染个体数据荟萃分析,2017,DOI:10.1136/bmj.i6583
Barbagallo等,骨化二醇与肌肉表现系统综述及荟萃分析,2022,DOI:10.3390/nu14091860
Zadro等,慢性腰痛系统综述与荟萃分析,2018,PubMed:PMID 29565945
桥本相关随机试验荟萃分析,2021,PubMed:PMID 34871506
Mikola等,抑郁症状随机试验荟萃分析,2023,DOI:10.1080/10408398.2022.2096560
Nimitphong等,糖前期高尿酸亚组研究,2021,DOI:10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100255
Shieh等,骨化二醇4周随机研究,2017,DOI:10.1210/jc.2016-3919
Bishop等,骨化二醇缓释研究,2022,DOI:10.1159/000524289
Płudowski等,25羟D分层建议,2023,PubMed:PMID 36771403
2025年40—70 ng/mL观点综述,PubMed:PMID 3986140
这一期的内容,相信会有非常多的朋友能够感同身受,欢迎大家在评论区留言,聊聊你运动时候的心理活动,也欢迎你把这一期内容转发给身边那些被运动“绑架”了的,停不下来的朋友们
已经有足够多的证据表明,适量的运动能够帮助缓解焦虑和抑郁情绪,但我们身边总有一些人的焦虑情绪和心理压力,反而是由于运动引起的,这次,我们想试着聊一聊“运动成瘾”这个中文科普领域几乎还没有人涉猎过的话题,希望能够引起各位资深运动爱好者的注意,并对那些停不下来的朋友们有一些帮助
欢迎大家加入听友群,可以添加小助理微信,小助理会将您拉进听友群中
03:41 “运动成瘾”一词在本期节目中的定义,与真实研究领域的概念有一定的差异性
05:01 运动成瘾在生活中都有哪些表现(行为+心理)
11:47 运动依赖、强迫性运动和运动成瘾的程度区分
14:41 健康运动与运动成瘾的区别
19:01 为什么运动会上瘾?
32:13 运动成瘾在不同人群和不同项目里的发生率一样吗?
39:40 为什么运动成瘾发生率最高的是耐力运动?
47:56 怎么判断自己是不是已经运动成瘾了?
54:51 如果已经有强迫性运动或者运动成瘾的趋势了,我能做点什么来改变一下吗?
参考文献
[1] Associations between weight stigma and exercise avoidance motivation among college students: exploring the roles of internalized weight stigma and social anxiety[J/OL]. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1655699
.
[2] Compulsive exercise and physical activity in eating disorders[J/OL]. DOI:10.1080/1612197X.2025.2525241
.
[3] Domain-specific physical activity and mental health: an updated systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis in a combined sample of 3.3 million people[J/OL]. DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2025-109806
.
[4] Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews[J/OL]. DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106195
.
[5] Exercise Addiction: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Etiology[J/OL].
[6] Exercise as medicine for depressive symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression[J/OL]. DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106282
.
[7] How Much is Too Much? The Development and Validation of the Exercise Dependence Scale[J/OL]. DOI:10.1080/0887044022000004894
.
[8] Mental Disorders in Individuals With Exercise Addiction-A Cross-Sectional Study[J/OL]. DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.751550
.
[9] Role of exercise physiologists in mental health support and recovery: 2026 Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) Consensus Statement[J/OL]. DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2025-110879
.
[10] The Effects of Physical Exercise on Mental Health: From Cognitive Improvements to Risk of Addiction[J/OL]. DOI:10.3390/ijerph182413384
.
[11] The expanded interactional model of exercise addiction[J/OL]. DOI:10.1556/2006.2021.00061
.
[12] The phenomenon of exercise addiction: diagnostic criteria, neurobiological underpinnings, and differential challenges at the interface of psychiatry and sports medicine[J/OL]. DOI:10.12775/QS.2026.59.72682
.
[13] The soulless cycle: Social physique anxiety as a mediator of the relation between body mass index and exercise frequency[J/OL]. DOI:10.1037/sah0000291
.
[14] When fitness becomes an obsession: a cross-sectional study investigating the risk of exercise addiction among athletes[J/OL]. DOI:10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002630
.
HYROX应该是近一年来,运动相关行业最火的关键词,有一种在这个行业中不谈HYROX都不是“运动人”的状态,而当我们看到相关内容、流量和子弹飞了这么长时间之后,也逐渐看到了一番“众生相”。我们继续来聊一聊如何无伤完赛一场HYROX。
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01:52 你应该具备一个什么样的体能储备,再去参加HYROX
09:33 参加HYROX都要具备哪些能力?怎么判断自己满不满足?
¨有氧能力:能连续跑完8km,评估对应的主观疲劳程度
¨单侧下肢力量和对称性:单腿臀桥、保加利亚分腿蹲、无支撑单腿提踵
¨核心抗旋和抗侧屈:帕洛夫抗旋转(帕洛夫推)、俄罗斯转体、侧平板
¨肩膀和肩:YTW动作、弹力带面拉(face pull)
27:47 找到自己的薄弱部位之后,如何针对性的进行强化?(讲解顺序:关节从上到下,肌肉从下到上)
45:13 想要开始准备HYROX比赛,准备周期应该怎么安排
50:33 一些针对性的营养补充建议
53:01 已经受伤了,想要避免再次受伤,要恢复到什么程度才能继续训练和比赛?
相关单集:001 赛季来了,马拉松赛前应该如何减量
004 今年夏天会更热么?让我们聊聊“热习服”与夏训
006 我的训练课表里为啥有那么多慢跑?!聊聊周期化训练
016 受伤之后需要多久才能恢复训练?
017 不重视“疲劳管理”,再多的训练都是事倍功半
024 做不好这一点,训练时氪金再多也恢复不好——聊聊睡眠改善
039 你的髂胫束还好吗?
055 力量和耐力同时练,能变成大肌肉马拉松高手吗——聊聊同期训练(上集)
059 我们能避免运动中的猝死吗?(第013期重发)
HYROX应该是近一年来,运动相关行业最火的关键词,有一种在这个行业中不谈HYROX都不是“运动人”的状态,而当我们看到相关内容、流量和子弹飞了这么长时间之后,也逐渐看到了一番“众生相”。无论肯定还是否定,无论赞扬还是攻击,这都是一个运动最美好的时刻,带着懵懂、稚嫩、不确定性和一股初生牛犊不怕虎的冲劲,我们来聊一聊HYROX。
匿名简陋版HYROX损伤调查问卷 或扫描下方二维码填写问卷
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03:14 HYROX的赛事结构
05:00 为什么HYROX的每一个单项看起来都很简单,一做起来就累的不行,是我太菜了吗?
10:51 都是什么样的人群在参加HYROX
12:47 参加HYROX真的是有腿就行吗?没有什么风险吗?(HYROX的损伤发生率)
29:21 拆解跑步+8个单项分别会有哪些部位容易出现损伤
57:03 由比赛中选手发生横纹肌溶解事件,展开聊聊横纹肌溶解的症状
61:37 横纹肌溶解的发生机制
65:26 高危运动场景、高危运动类型
72:58 容易发生横纹肌溶解的高危人群、紧急处置和如何规避
参考文献
[1] Acute physiological responses and performance determinants in Hyrox© — a new running-focused high intensity functional fitness trend[J]. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1519240
[2] Injury-free HYROX training: the most common problems and how to prevent them[EB/OL]. (2026-03-04)[2026-08-13]. https://sport-buddy.com/en/tips/hyrox/injury-prevention.
[3] Most common Hyrox injuries—causes, treatment & recovery[EB/OL]. (2026)[2026-08-13]. https://www.sportsfithealthandrehab.com.au/post/most-common-hyrox-injuries-causes-treatment-recovery-sportsfit.
[4] HYROX lower back tightness during sled push & pull[EB/OL]. (2026)[2026-08-13]. https://www.allwellscoliosis.com/articles/hyrox-lower-back-tightness-during-sled-push-and-pull-causes-prevention-recovery-and-scoliosis-considerations.
[5] Injury epidemiology in HYROX athletes: an international cross-sectional survey[EB/OL]. . DOI:10.64898/2026.08.09.26359590
本期节目我们依然请到了光学工程专业的嘉宾奶昔羊,再来和大家聊聊在日常生活中的会用到的光学和用眼知识!
生活化用眼&光学小课堂开课啦,赶快搬个小板凳一起来听听吧~
眼部系列单集
066 再聊眼部“防晒”——对眼睛伤害最大的,恰恰是你看不见的那些光
061 眼部防晒比脸更重要,但90% 的人都做错了!
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本期嘉宾:奶昔羊
光学工程专业,生物光子学方向博士,播客 Byte.Coffee 节目主播
02:07 “离焦镜”真的能够防控儿童近视吗?是什么原理?
07:34 2026版《近视防控指南》的内容更新解读
17:44 学习环境中的照明应该如何设计?怎么选择?看哪些参数?(亮度、照度、色温、频闪、蓝光、显色指数)
40:14 蓝光是什么?怎么产生的?到底有没有害?需不需要防?怎么防?
58:19 听众的问题解答环节(手机护眼模式、OK镜、防偷窥膜、红光、近视手术、VR眼镜、眼轴退轴)
节目发布前的一些严谨的勘误:
1.激光近视手术通常要求年满18岁、近视度数稳定。低度数近视是否需要手术,应由医生评估——度数小并不意味着更适合手术,很多情况下框架眼镜已足够。是否手术请以专业医生筛查结果为准。
2.关于红光护眼设备:节目中提到的重复低强度红光(哺光仪)在国内属于医疗器械,其安全性仍有讨论、并有个案报道,需在专业医生指导下使用,不建议自行购买长期使用。防控近视的首选仍是增加户外自然光时间。
3.关于蓝光LED诺贝尔奖:2014年诺贝尔物理学奖由赤崎勇、天野浩、中村修二三人共同获得
参考文献
1. 近视防控指南
《近视防治指南(2026年版)》,国家卫生健康委办公厅,2026年7月
2. 国家标准
GB 40070—2021《儿童青少年学习用品近视防控卫生要求》
GB/T 9473—2022《读写作业台灯性能要求》
GB 7793—2010《中小学校教室采光和照明卫生标准》
3. 离焦镜控制近视
Lam CSY, et al. Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2020;104(3):363–368.
Bao J, et al. Myopia control with spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmology. 2022;140(5):472–478.
4. 户外活动与近视
He M, et al. Effect of Time Spent Outdoors at School on the Development of Myopia Among Children in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015;314(11):1142–1148.
5. 蓝光与视网膜
Ham WT Jr, et al. Retinal sensitivity to damage from short wavelength light. Nature. 1976;260:153–155.
6. 防蓝光眼镜的证据
Singh S, et al. Blue-light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023;8:CD013244.
7. 蓝光LED / 诺贝尔奖
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014(赤崎勇、天野浩、中村修二),nobelprize.org
我们经常讨论各种恢复方式和技术,如按摩、筋膜枪/刀、正念、营养品等等,但我们都不否认或者默认,睡眠是人类最为天然、有效的恢复方式,然而,在高节奏的现代社会,在“既要也要还要”的高压工作中,睡不着、睡不好、早醒等睡眠障碍成为影响很多人的“无声之痛”。今天,我们就来聊一下,如何能睡个好觉。
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本期节目由EIGHTSLEEP赞助播出,这是今年刚正式进入中国,来自硅谷的深度睡眠解决方案。不用换你现有的床垫儿,它就是一层水循环温控床套,直接铺上去就能用,一整夜替你动态调温,入睡时主动降温,帮你更快沉下去。深睡阶段压到身体最需要的低温区间,临近REM和清醒前再缓缓回升让你几乎毫无察察觉的被温度拖着走完一整晚的睡眠节律。最后在接近自然醒的状态里苏醒。
点击这里购买。现在购买eightsleep产品除赠送价值199美元的autopolit标准版订阅之外,还有讲点武德听众专属的1000元优惠券,找到京东或者天猫客服,报暗号【讲点武德】即可领取
02:27 一觉睡多长时间,才算是睡够了
04:12 到底存在只睡6小时就足够的“精英睡眠”吗?
06:09 深睡、REM睡眠都有什么作用?为什么睡眠这么重要?
14:42 一个能够评估睡醒后恢复程度的指标——心率变异性(HRV)
21:15 为什么要睡个好觉,温度不能太高
27:42 为什么加班或者训练之后,明明很累却怎么也睡不着?
38:35 一个充足的睡眠能带来哪些积极的作用,睡眠不足又有哪些负面影响?
43:52 怎么简单结合HRV和睡眠状态评估身体的疲劳恢复程度
48:19 围绝经期女性面临的夜间潮热问题
53:09 产品使用体验:分区控温、智能闹钟、小憩模式
58:04 改善睡眠质量,有哪些我们现在就能做的
参考文献
[1] RECHTSCHAFFEN A, KALES A. A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects[R]. Los Angeles: UCLA Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute, 1968.
[2] YIN J, JIN X, SHAN Z, LI S, HUANG H, LI P, et al. Relationship of sleep duration with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies[J]. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2017, 6(9): e005947. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005947.
[3] PHILLIPS A J K, CLERX W M, O'BRIEN C S, et al. Irregular sleep/wake patterns are associated with poorer academic performance and delayed circadian and sleep/wake timing[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 3216. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03171-4.
[4] WINDRED D P, BURNS A C, LANE J M, et al. Sleep regularity is a stronger predictor of mortality risk than sleep duration: a prospective cohort study[J]. Sleep, 2024, 47(1): zsad253. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad253.
[5] SHAFFER F, GINSBERG J P. An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms[J]. Frontiers in Public Health, 2017, 5: 258. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258.
[6] TASK FORCE OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CARDIOLOGY AND THE NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PACING AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use[J]. European Heart Journal, 1996, 17(3): 354-381.
[7] HARDING E C, FRANKS N P, WISDEN W. Sleep and thermoregulation[J]. Current Opinion in Physiology, 2020, 15: 7-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.008.
[8] KRÄUCHI K, CAJOCHEN C, WERTH E, WIRZ-JUSTICE A. Functional link between distal vasodilation and sleep-onset latency?[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2000, 278(3): R741-R748. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.3.R741.
[9] HAGHAYEGH S, KHOSHNEVIS S, SMOLENSKY M H, et al. Before-bedtime passive body heating by warm shower or bath to improve sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2019, 46: 124-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.04.008.
[10] GILBERT S S, VAN DEN HEUVEL C J, FERGUSON S A, DAWSON D. Thermoregulation as a sleep signalling system[J]. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2004, 8(2): 81-93. DOI: 10.1016/S1087-0792(03)00023-6.
[11] FUSTER J M. The prefrontal cortex — an update: time is of the essence[J]. Neuron, 2001, 30(2): 319-333. DOI: 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00285-9.
[12] CHANG A M, AESCHBACH D, DUFFY J F, CZEISLER C A. Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 112(4): 1232-1237. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418490112.
[13] NILSSON J P, SÖDERSTRÖM M, KARLSSON A U, et al. Less effective executive functioning after one night's sleep deprivation[J]. Journal of Sleep Research, 2005, 14(1): 1-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00442.x.
[14] MAH C D, MAH K E, KEZIRIAN E J, DEMENT W C. The effects of sleep extension on the athletic performance of collegiate basketball players[J]. Sleep, 2011, 34(7): 943-950. DOI: 10.5665/SLEEP.1132.
[15] FULLAGAR H H K, SKORSKI S, DUFFIELD R, et al. Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise[J]. Sports Medicine, 2015, 45(2): 161-186. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0.
[16] STEARNS V, ULLMER L, LÓPEZ J F, et al. Hot flushes[J]. The Lancet, 2002, 360(9348): 1851-1861. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11774-0.
[17] WOODS N F, MITCHELL E S. Symptoms during the perimenopause: prevalence, severity, trajectory, and significance in women's lives[J]. The American Journal of Medicine, 2005, 118(12 Suppl 12B): 14-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.031.
[18] WAHL S, ENGELHARDT M, SCHAUPP P, LAPPE C, IVANOV I V. The inner clock—blue light sets the human rhythm[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 2019, 12(12): e201900102. DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900102.
我们在 061 眼部防晒比脸更重要,但90% 的人都做错了! 这期给大家简单科普了眼睛防紫外线的重要性,并且评论区出现了一位眼部光学领域的专业人士。
今天我们就请她来节目里,除了更正上期节目我们表达不够准确的地方,还会更深入的跟大家聊一聊紫外线是怎么伤害你的眼睛的,以及一个稍微有点硬核的知识点:东西看不清,不一定是因为光不够亮
🔥🔥眼部紫外线指数速查小工具 by 奶昔羊🔥🔥
欢迎大家加入听友群,可以添加小助理微信:daxiongnizaiganma,小助理会将您拉进听友群中
本期嘉宾:奶昔羊
光学工程专业,生物光子学方向博士,播客 Byte.Coffee 节目主播
02:05 第61期节目内容的回顾和勘误
15:49 各种功能的太阳镜,到底应该怎么挑选
25:18 有时候你看不清,不一定是因为不够亮
25:42 简单的眼部模型,以及各部分的功能
26:28 干眼症造成的看不清
27:49 失能炫光造成的看不清
30:24 夜间瞳孔放大造成的看不清——球差/光晕
34:13 除了标准视力表,还应该测测对比敏感度
36:00 这不是雪盲——whiteout 与 Troxler 褪色
参考文献
[1] Coroneo MT. Peripheral light focusing by the anterior eye and the ophthalmohelioses. Ophthalmic Surg. 1991;22(12):705-711.(角膜缘约 20 倍聚光)
[2] King-Smith PE, et al. Optical analysis and reappraisal of the peripheral light focusing theory of nasal pterygia formation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020.(PLF 不足以单独解释偏鼻侧)
[3] American Academy of Ophthalmology. Topical Anesthetics: The Latest on Use for Corneal Abrasions. EyeNet.(警告滥用麻醉类眼药水)
[4] Taylor HR, et al. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on cataract formation. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(22):1429-1433.(累积 UVB 翻倍、皮质性风险 ×1.6)
[5] World Health Organization. Radiation: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation.(致盲约 20% 与日晒相关;新雪反射约 80%)
[6] Boettner EA, Wolter JR. Transmission of the ocular media. Invest Ophthalmol. 1962;1:776-783.(眼介质透过随年龄变化的经典一手来源;儿童晶状体透 UV 更多)
[7] ISO 12312-1:2022;GB 39552.1-2020(中国国标,2021-12 强制);UV400 标识。
[8] US EPA. Learn About the UV Index(云透过:晴≈100%、散云 89%、碎云 73%、全阴 31%;反射:雪≤80%、沙约 15%、水约 10%)。
[9] IJspeert JK, et al. The intraocular straylight function… dependence on angle, age and pigmentation. Vision Res. 1990;30(5):699-707.(散射随年龄四次方增长、70 岁翻倍)
[10] CIE 146:2002. CIE Collection on Glare(失能眩光的 Stiles-Holladay 公式,θ⁻²)。
[11] Montés-Micó R. Role of the tear film in the optical quality of the human eye. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33(9):1631-1635.(泪膜为最强折射面、约 43 D)
[12] Koh S, et al. Effect of tear film break-up on higher-order aberrations. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134(1):115-117.(破裂后 HOA 增 1.44 倍)
[13] Schwiegerling J. Scaling Zernike expansion coefficients to different pupil sizes. J Opt Soc Am A. 2002;19(10):1937-1945.(球差波前误差 ∝ ρ⁴)
[14] Marín-Franch I, et al. The effect of spherical aberration on visual performance… typical of night viewing. J Optom. 2018;11(3):144-152.(夜间近视/星芒)
[15] Contrast Sensitivity. StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK580542).(对比敏感度与 MTF 关系)
拉伸有用,但有附加条件,位置(解剖结构、拮抗肌)、强度、频率均做到精准的拉伸才是对整体健康、预防运动损伤、提升运动表现有用的身体活动方式。
欢迎大家加入听友群,可以添加小助理微信:daxiongnizaiganma,小助理会将您拉进听友群中
02:34 既然拉伸不能瘦小腿,那拉伸还有什么作用呢
04:46 拉伸更适合在什么时候进行?运动前为啥不适合拉伸?
11:31 拉伸拉的是关节还是肌肉?
17:10 顶级运动员都不进行拉伸吗?
20:15 拉伸对降低运动损伤发生率有作用吗?
27:16 柔韧性指什么?和关节活动度说的是一回事吗?
31:59 拉伸的三个层级
42:22 什么时候应该进行拉伸?怎么判断自己需不需要拉伸?
49:32 忍受疼痛是拉伸时必须经历的吗?
55:38 柔韧性已经特别好的人,还应该坚持拉伸吗?
参考文献
1.Gleim, G. and M. McHugh, Flexibility and Its Effects on Sports Injury and Performance. Sports Medicine, 1997. 24(5): p. 289-299.
2.Herzog, W., Mechanisms of enhanced force production in lengthening (eccentric) muscle contractions. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2014. 116(11): p. 1407-17.
3.Magid, A. and D.J. Law, Myofibrils bear most of the resting tension in frog skeletal muscle. Science, 1985. 230(4731): p. 1280-2.
4.Horowits, R., E.S. Kempner, M.E. Bisher, and R.J. Podolsky, A physiological role for titin and nebulin in skeletal muscle. Nature, 1986. 323(6084): p. 160-4.
5.McHugh, M.P., S.P. Magnusson, G.W. Gleim, and J.A. Nicholas, Viscoelastic stress relaxation in human skeletal muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1992. 24(12): p. 1375-82.
6.Rubini, E.C., A.L. Costa, and P.S. Gomes, The effects of stretching on strength performance. Sports Med, 2007. 37(3): p. 213-24.
7.Herbert, R.D. and M. de Noronha, Stretching to prevent or reduce muscle soreness after exercise. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007(4): p. Cd004577.
8.Yeung, S.S., E.W. Yeung, and L.D. Gillespie, Interventions for preventing lower limb soft-tissue running injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011(7): p. Cd001256.
9.Shrier, I., Stretching before exercise does not reduce the risk of local muscle injury: a critical review of the clinical and basic science literature. Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 1999. 9(4): p. 221.
10. WARNEKE K, THOMAS E, BLAZEVICH A J, et al. Practical recommendations on stretching exercise: A Delphi consensus statement of international research experts[J]. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2025, 14: 101067. doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101067.
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