In this solo episode, I introduce the work of psychoanalyst Karen Horney, one of the most important—and often overlooked—figures in the history of psychoanalysis.

Trained in Freudian theory yet deeply critical of its limits, Horney helped shift psychoanalysis away from instinct and biology and toward relationships, culture, and anxiety. I explore her life and intellectual world, including her interactions with other major analysts and her complicated personal and theoretical relationship with Erich Fromm.

From there, I take a deeper dive into Horney’s core ideas—basic anxiety, the three neurotic trends, the idealized self, and what she famously called the “tyranny of the shoulds.” These concepts remain strikingly relevant today, especially for understanding perfectionism, people-pleasing, withdrawal, shame, and the quiet suffering many people carry into therapy.

Finally, I reflect on why Karen Horney still matters for contemporary psychotherapy and why her vision of healing—rooted in self-realization, relational safety, and compassion for our adaptive strategies—feels more timely than ever.

This episode is an invitation to revisit a thinker who continues to help us understand what it means to lose—and recover—the real self.