Keith Poulsen, professor at the University of Wisconsin and director of the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, provides an update on the status of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1), as pertains to dairy cattle, poultry, wildlife—and humans. Are we making progress in biosecurity in the dairy industry? Dairy may be decades behind, but keep in mind: “Cows are like walking tanks.” Keeping boots and clothes clean is essential to contain viral spread. Vaccines are often not a viable solution, given trade, economics and political realities. What forces are most impacting the affordability of eggs, beef, and other items? Impacting access to rural workforces, especially migrants? What have been the implications of major recent disruptions at USDA, CDC and FDA?