F is for Fournier! Jody reviews pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this (thankfully) uncommon condition.

References:

1) Stevens, D.L., & Baddour, L.M. Necrotizing soft tissue infections. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ necrotizing-soft-tissue-infections

2) Bersoff-Matcha SJ, Chamberlain C, Cao C, Kortepeter C, Chong WH. Fournier Gangrene Associated With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors: A Review of Spontaneous Postmarketing Cases. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jun 4;170(11):764-769. doi: 10.7326/M19-0085. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31060053.

3) Jean Alfred Fournier. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Jean_Alfred_Fournier

Jody reviews pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of erectile dysfunction.

References:

1) Raymond, R.C., & Khera, M. Epidemiology and etiologies of male sexual dysfunction. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-and-etiologies-of-male-sexual-dysfunction

2) Khera, M. Evaluation of male sexual dysfunction. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-male-sexual-dysfunction

3) Khera, M. Treatment of male sexual dysfunction. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-male-sexual-dysfunction

Jody went to a conference! Here's what he learned...

Jody's CHD lecture for nursing students.

Case study links:

Case Study 1

Case Study 2

Case Study 3

Jody responds to the American College of Physicians' Annals On Call Podcast episode released on May 19th, 2025.

Links:

Advanced Practice Clinicians Cannot Replace Primary Care Physicians. Annals On Call Podcast, 5-29-25

Physician Assistant and Former PA-Turned-Physician Discuss the State of the Profession. Patients At Risk Podcast, 7-25-21 (Spotify)

New Workforce Model Suggests Continued Physician Shortages In Nonprimary Care Specialties (AAMC Article)

Christin Giordano McAuliffe. There Is No Substitute for Primary Care Physicians: A Response to the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Workforce Model. Ann Intern Med.2025;178:590-591. [Epub 4 March 2025]. doi:10.7326/ANNALS-24-03806

University of South Alabama Dual Role NP Curriculum

Razavi, Moaven PhD*; O’Reilly-Jacob, Monica RN, PhD, FNP-BC†; Perloff, Jennifer PhD*; Buerhaus, Peter RN, PhD, FAAN, FAANP(h)‡. Drivers of Cost Differences Between Nurse Practitioner and Physician Attributed Medicare Beneficiaries. Medical Care 59(2):p 177-184, February 2021. | DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001477

McMenamin A, Turi E, Schlak A, Poghosyan L. A Systematic Review of Outcomes Related to Nurse Practitioner-Delivered Primary Care for Multiple Chronic Conditions. Medical Care Research and Review. 2023;80(6):563-581. doi:10.1177/10775587231186720

Kippenbrock T, Emory J, Lee P, Odell E, Buron B, Morrison B. A national survey of nurse practitioners' patient satisfaction outcomes. Nurs Outlook. 2019 Nov-Dec;67(6):707-712. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.04.010. Epub 2019 May 4. PMID: 31607371.

Haas, D., Pozehl, B., Alonso, W. W., & Diederich, T. (2023). Patient Satisfaction With a Nurse Practitioner–Led Heart Failure Clinic. Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 19(4), Article 104496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.11.006

https://www.techtarget.com/patientengagement/news/366584669/Nurse-Practitioners-Boost-Patient-Satisfaction-Quality-Outcomes

https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/advocacy-resource/position-statements/quality-of-nurse-practitioner-practice

https://www.aacnnursing.org/news-data/all-news/rounds-with-leadership-focusing-on-the-outcomes-of-np-practice

Stanik-Hutt, J., Newhouse, R. P., White, K. M., Johantgen, M., Bass, E. B., Zangaro, G., Wilson, R., Fountain, L., Steinwachs, D. M., Heindel, L., & Weiner, J. P. (2013). The quality and effectiveness of care provided by nurse practitioners. Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 9(8), 492-500.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2013.07.004

Savard I, Al Hakim G, Kilpatrick K. The added value of the nurse practitioner: An evolutionary concept analysis. Nurs Open. 2023 Apr;10(4):2540-2551. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1512. Epub 2022 Dec 17. PMID: 36527435; PMCID: PMC10006655.

D is for deprescribing! Jody wrestles with this very complicated and grey area of medical practice.

Resources:

Beers Criteria (AGS)

STOPP/START Criteria

Deprescribing.org

MedStopper

NO TEARS

NICE Medicines Optimization Guidelines

EMPOWER Brochures

The list of deprescribing resources was generated by ChatGPT.

Jody is joined by one of the world's foremost AI experts, ChatGPT itself, to discuss how AI is impacting healthcare currently and how it might change the medical field in the future.

C is for constipation! Jody discuss pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this surprisingly common problem.

References:

1. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines
2. Rome Foundation
3. Chronic Constipation in Adults: Management (UpToDate)
4. NIDDK on Constipation
5. Mayo Clinic Constipation Article
6. Merck Manual Constipation Article
7. Diagnosis & Management of Constipation (AAFP)

The outline for this episode was created in part by chatGPT.

In this final episode of the #NephMadness 2025 series, Jody summarizes each region in detail. Remember, it's about LEARNING, not WINNING...

Links:

Shells & Tails 2025

Herbal Supplements & Kidney Disease (NKF)

National Center for Complementary & Integrative Health

Jody checks his final scores of #NephMadness 2025.