There are three important rules to remember here:

Neuter gender

Along with masculine and feminine, Latin also has a neuter gender meaning “neither,” referring to how it is neither masculine nor feminine. Thus neuter gender is often applied to things which don’t have a natural gender, words like: “war” bellum, “iron” ferrum, or “danger” periculum. But it’s not as simple as that. There are many exceptions to this rule and thus in Latin things which are masculine in gender are not necessarily always male in nature. The same holds true for the other two genders.

Substantives are words that are fundamentally adjectives but they function as nouns. Such as the adjective “good.” It can serve as a substantive, that is, as a noun. So, for instance, if you talk about the “goods” in the store, “goods” is a noun meaning “the good things” in the store. The adjective is serving as a noun and that’s a substantive. Similarly, you can talk about a “swift,” a fast-flying bird. Birds are nouns but the word “swift” is at heart an adjective. In English we often show that an adjective is functioning as a substantive by pluralizing it or putting an article in front of it, such as, “electronics,” or “the young and the restless.” But Latin adjectives contain more information encoded into them than their English counterparts which makes them much more naturally easy to convert into substantives because, for instance, they have gender and gender naturally implies a gendered substance. Hence the principle that Latin substantives derive their substance from their gender. In other words, because a Latin adjective is masculine, it implies that the substance or the unstated noun lying behind the adjective is “man,” or “men” if the adjective is plural. If an adjective is feminine in gender, it implies “woman,” or if it’s plural, “women,” and if it’s neuter, “thing” or “things.” For an adjective to serve as a substantive it must have no noun to go with in its sentence. Otherwise, there’s no need to evoke substance from its gender. In other words, if bonus has liber to go with it, it’s “a good book.” There’s no need to add “man” to “good” if you’ve got “book” there.

So this is how substantives work: you’re reading along in a Latin sentence and you come to an adjective. It doesn’t have a noun to modify. You look at its gender. If the gender is masculine you add “man” or “men” to the translation of the adjective. If the adjective is feminine, you add “woman” or “women,” and if it’s neuter, “thing” or “things.”

Here are some examples of substantives:

This is a big episode going over the importance of understanding:

-predicates

-intransitive verbs

-verb expectations

-complimentary infinitives

-wehy we can afford verb irregularity in some verbs and not others?

Something different because things have been on my mind. Thank you for your continued support.

How many English derivatives can you think of that I missed. 

Derivatives are amazing because they help us not only retain Latin vocabulary much easier, but also aids in the expansion and acquisition of new vocabulary. The more you know... the more you know!

In latin, since word order is not imperative as it is in english, cases help indicate the many uses a noun and undertake within a sentence:

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I have an intro portion where I talk about my current life status and air some grievances that have been ruminating in my mind. I hope you appreciate the honesty because it's for me, anyways. Just slightly dinged up after being hit by a car yesterday while biking around...

There are two important rules to remember here:

Compared to the present passive, the perfect passive is remarkably straightforward. It involves only two verb elements: the fourth principal part of the verb, plus a form of esse (“to be”).

Therefore, forming a perfect passive verb is quite simple: See, you take the:

An example of a Latin verb, amo, conjugated in the perfect passive:

amatus, -a, -um sum; “I have been loved,”

amatus, -a, -um es; “you have been loved”

amatus, -a, -um est; “he/she/it has been loved”

amati, -ae, -a sumus; “we have been loved,”

amati, -ae, -a estis; “y’all have been loved”

amati, -ae, -a sunt; “they have been loved”

Note: Remember to use -us, -a, -um in the singular in accordance with the gender of the subject, or in the plural, -i, -ae, -a. The closest translation in English to the Latin perfect passive is either:

The first part of the word (parti-) means “part;” the second part (-cip-) means “take,” indicating that participles “partake, share” in the characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. In other words, the base of a participle is verbal, giving it some of the qualities of a verb, for instance,  -

What I thought I was going to do was get into participles, but what I really talked about was everything but... 

Here, I go into asking my audience if they'd like me to cover different concepts in life and academia. I appreciate so many things in life now that I hadn't prior.

There is one rule ─ one very important rule! ─ to remember in this chapter.

"Clause" refers to a dependent or subordinate thought or sentence which is embedded inside another thought or sentence.

A relative pronoun is called “relative” because it relates a subordinate thought to a noun outside the relative clause.

Here, I go into a few english derivatives that highlight "unus" in the english dictionary.

Unit, union, "e pluribus unum", united, universe, unicorn, unison... and a few more!