The failure of Nazi Germany to seize the small British mediterranean colony of Malta was a significant strategic error. In 1941, Hitler decided not to invade the island and instead decided to put his energies into the seizure of Crete, which he believed would pose a threat to Romania's oil fields if it remained in British hands. General Erwin Rommel (later promoted to field marshal), had a year of almost unstoppable victories against the British during the 1942, but as he raced across the desert, his supply lines grew and became ever more vulnerable. The inability to fully control the Mediterranean by the Axis powers was fatal for Rommel's resupply needs, just as allied forces in Egypt were being resupplied with thousands of tanks and othe vehicles by the USA.

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