In part 2 of this episode with Drs Satish Raj and Artur Fedorowski, they discuss diagnosis and treatment options for this population of patients, current challenges and future directions in treatment. Dr Raj is the medical director of the Calgary Autonomic Investigation & Management Centre and professor of Cardiac Sciences at the Libin Cardiovascular Institute and the University of Calgary’s Cumming School of Medicine in Alberta, Canada. Dr Fedorowski is an associate professor and senior consultant in the department of cardiology at Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, in Stockholm, Sweden.