The Jesuits came to Quebec on a mission in 1625 to save souls and not to make friends.

Champlain's Dream by David Hackett Fischer

The Children of Aateantsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660 by Bruce Trigger

Natives and Newcomers: Canada's "Heroic Age" Reconsidered by Bruce Trigger

Huron Wendat: The Heritage of the Circle by George E. Sioui

The Jesuit Relations: Natives and Missionaries in Seventeenth-Century North America - edited with an introduction by Allan Greer

The Jesuit Relations: A Biography by Micah True

Crosses in the Sky: Jean de Brébeuf and the Destruction of Huronia by Mark Bourrie

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Some familiar faces return to Acadia where they are welcomed back by the Mi'kmaq but new people join the colony and it does not go well.

Sources:

John Mack Faragher, A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from their American Homeland. 2005

Thorp, D. B. (1996). Equals of the King: The Balance of Power in Early Acadia. Acadiensis, 25(2), 3. Retrieved from University of New Brunswick | UNB. 

Wachtel, J. R. (2021). “A ‘Bon François’ Desirous of the Glory of the King”: Intra-Catholic Anti-Jesuitism and the Collapse of the Port Royal Mission, 1610-1613. Acadiensis, 49(2). Retrieved from https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/31555

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The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) got a shocking introduction to Europeans in 1609 when Champlain joined a raid into Haudenosaunee territory but they were quick to learn how to seek out other European allies for their benefit. When the Dutch arrived they sought out a trade relationship but so did the Mahican who also lived in the same area as some of the Mohawk. This episode will discuss the early days of the Dutch colony in New York and their relationship with the Haudenosaunee.

Sources:

Books

Champlain's Dream by David Hackett Fischer

The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire by Francis Jennings

The Edge of the Woods by Jon Parmenter

The Ordeal of the Longhouse by Daniel K. Richter

Journal Articles

Parmenter, Jon. 2013. “The Meaning of Kaswentha and the Two Row Wampum Belt in Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) History: Can Indigenous Oral Tradition Be Reconciled with the Documentary Record?” Journal of Early American History 3 (1): 82–109. https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00301005

Parmenter, Jon. “In the Wake of Cartier: The Indigenous Context of Champlain’s Activities in the St. Lawrence Valley and Upper Great Lakes, 1550–1635.” In When the French Were Here—and They’re Still Here, edited by Nancy Nahra, 88–104. Burlington, VT: Champlain College, 2010.

Carpenter, Roger. “Making War More Lethal: Iroquois vs Huron in the Great Lakes Region, 1609-1650.” Michigan Historical Review 27, no. 2 (Fall 2001): 33-51.

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Champlain is back and forth between France and Canada as he tries to find his way into the well established trade and kinship networks of the Wendat. He also gets married and his choice of bride isn't great.

Sources:

Champlain's Dream by David Hackett Fischer

The Making of Canada: An Epic History in Twenty Extraordinary Lives by Greg Koabel

The Children of Aateantsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660 by Bruce Trigger

Natives and Newcomers: Canada's "Heroic Age" Reconsidered by Bruce Trigger

Journal Article:

Carpenter, Roger. “Making War More Lethal: Iroquois vs. Huron in the Great Lakes Region, 1609 to 1650.” Michigan Historical Review 27, no. 2 (Fall 2001): 33–51. DOI: 10.2307/20173927 

Fox, William "“It’s not personal, it’s strictly business”: Historical Accounts and Archaeological Evidence Concerning an Early-Seventeenth Century Partnership". Ontario History 115, no. 1 (2023) : 99–113. https://doi.org/10.7202/1098786ar

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*This episodes contains a detailed account of torture.

Champlain steps dramatically into a complex world of ancient kinship networks, complex diplomacy, and a long simmering war when he founds the city of Quebec in 1608. He finally meets the powerful Wendat people and assists them and their allies in a famous battle against the Haundenosaunee in the heart of Mohawk territory.

Sources:

Champlain's Dream by David Hackett Fischer

The Making of Canada: An Epic History in Twenty Extraordinary Lives by Greg Koabel

The Children of Aateantsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660 by Bruce Trigger

Natives and Newcomers: Canada's "Heroic Age" Reconsidered by Bruce Trigger

Journal Article:

Carpenter, Roger. “Making War More Lethal: Iroquois vs. Huron in the Great Lakes Region, 1609 to 1650.” Michigan Historical Review 27, no. 2 (Fall 2001): 33–51. DOI: 10.2307/20173927 

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We take a look at the Beothuk people in this episode from their ancient beginnings on the island of Newfoundland to their demise through disease, starvation, and murder. It is a tragic story of the effects of colonization on a small population on an unforgiving land.

Sources

Books:

Beothuk: How Story Made a People (Almost) Disappear by Christopher Patrick Aylward

A History and Ethnography of the Beothuk by Ingeborg Marshall

The Mi'kmaq: Resistance, Acommodation, and Cultural Survival by Harald E.L. Prins

Journal Articles:

Pastore, R. (1989). The Collapse of the Beothuk World. Acadiensis, 19(1), 52. Retrieved from https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/12292

Gilbert, W. (2011). Beothuk-European Contact in the 16th Century:: A Re-evaluation of the Documentary Evidence. Acadiensis, 40(1), 24–44.

Holly, Donald H. “The Beothuk on the Eve of Their Extinction.” Arctic Anthropology 37, no. 1 (2000): 79–95. doi:10.2307/40316519.

Online:

Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador (Several pages on this site)

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In this episode, we explore the early French attempts to settle in what would become Acadia, from Saint Croix to the more promising shores of Port-Royal. Who were the people who came? What were they hoping for? And how did they survive in a land already home to the Mi’kmaq? Join us as we discuss the story of one of the first European settlements in what is now Canada and the important relationship between those a settlers and the Mi'kmaq.

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Sources:

John Mack Faragher, A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from their American Homeland. 2005

David Hackett Fischer, Champlain's Dream. 2008

Daniel N. Paul, We Were Not The Savages 4th Ed, 2022

Marcel Trudel, The Beginnings of New France 1524-1663. 1973

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There had been a few men with colonial ambitions from France but they had all ended in failure. Champlain starts his colonial career as an observer ready to learn some lessons from his predecessors.

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Sources:

Champlain's Dream by David Hacket Fischer

Colonialism and Capitalism: Canada's Origins 1500-1890 vol.1 by Bryan D. Palmer

Natives and Newcomers: Canada's "Heroic Age" Reconsidered by Bruce Trigger

The Beginnings of New France 1524-1663 by Marcel Trudel

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Today's episode is a discussion of the violence in both the Wendat world and Europe. We will be talking about the Mourning Wars between the Wendat and Haudenosaunee and the scale of the violence of the wars waged in Europe.

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