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Atropine

Trade Name

Atropen

Indication

Decreases oral and respiratory secretions, treats sinus bradycardia and heart block, treatment of bronchospasm

Action

Atropine is an anticholinergic which means that it inhibits the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system, specifically acetylcholine. This inhibition causes increase in HR, bronchodilation, decreased GI and respiratory secretions.

Therapeutic Class

Antiarrhythmic

Pharmacologic Class

Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic

Nursing Considerations

• Avoid in acute hemorrhage, tachycardia, and angle closure glaucoma • Monitor patient for tachycardia and palpitations • May cause urinary retention in elderly patients • Patients may experience constipation due to slowed GI motility

Multiple Response Select N questions on the NGN require careful reading, critical thinking, and clinical judgment skills. By following these tips, you can prepare yourself for success on the NGN.

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Amlodipine

Trade Name

Norvasc

Indication

Hypertension, angina

Action

Blocks transport of calcium into muscle cells inhibiting excitation and contraction

Therapeutic Class

Antihypertensive

Pharmacologic Class

Ca channel blocker

Nursing Considerations

• May cause gingival hyperplasia • Grapefruit juice may increase drug level • Monitor blood pressure and pulse prior to and during therapy • Monitor intake and output • Assess for signs of CHF • Assess characteristics of angina • Instruct patient of interventions for hypertension and how to take blood pressure

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amoxicillin

Trade Name

Moxatag

Indication

skin infections, respiratory infections, sinusitis, endocarditis prophylaxis, lyme disease

Action

Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall leading to cell death.

Therapeutic Class

anti-infectives, antiulcer agent

Pharmacologic Class

aminopenicillins

Nursing Considerations

• contraindicated with penicillin allergy • may cause seizures • assess for rash, anaphylaxis • excreted by kidneys – monitor renal labs • monitor patient for diarrhea – bloody stool should be reported immediately

The Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) matrix multiple-choice question format is designed to assess nursing students' clinical judgment skills. Here are some tips on how to answer matrix multiple-choice questions on the NGN.

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Generic Name

Acetylsalicylic Acid

Trade Name

Aspirin

Indication

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke, and MI prophylaxis

Action

Inhibits the production of prostaglandins which leads to a reduction of fever and inflammation, decreases platelet aggregation leading to a decrease in ischemic diseases

Therapeutic Class

Antipyretics, non-opioid analgesics

Pharmacologic Class

Salicylates

Nursing Considerations

• Use caution in bleeding disorders, chronic alcohol use • May lead to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, laryngeal edema, and anaphylaxis • Increases risk for bleeding with warfarin, heparin, and clopidogrel • Increased risk for GI bleeding with NSAID use • Monitor liver function tests • Concurrent use with alcohol may increase risk for GI bleeding • Aspirin with viral infections can cause Reye’s syndrome

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Generic Name

Amlodipine

Trade Name

Norvasc

Indication

Hypertension, angina

Action

Blocks transport of calcium into muscle cells inhibiting excitation and contraction

Therapeutic Class

Antihypertensive

Pharmacologic Class

Ca channel blocker

Nursing Considerations

• May cause gingival hyperplasia • Grapefruit juice may increase drug level • Monitor blood pressure and pulse prior to and during therapy • Monitor intake and output • Assess for signs of CHF • Assess characteristics of angina • Instruct patient of interventions for hypertension and how to take blood pressure

Visit https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Ampicillin

Trade Name

Principen

Indication

Skin infections, soft tissue infections, otitis media, sinusitis, respiratory infections, GU infections, meningitis, septicemia

Action

Bactericidal, broader spectrum than penicillin, binds to cell wall leading to bacterial cell death

Therapeutic Class

Anti-infective

Pharmacologic Class

Aminopenicillin

Nursing Considerations

• Contraindicated in penicillin allergy, use caution in renal insufficiency • May lead to seizures, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, superinfection • Assess for infection • Monitor liver function tests • Instruct patient on signs of superinfection: furry overgrowth on tongue, vaginal itching, loose and foul smelling stool • Pt should not use with oral contraceptive use.

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Outline Generic Name

Amitriptyline

Trade Name

Elavil

Indication

Depression, anxiety, insomnia, parkinson’s

Action

Increases effect of serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS, exhibits anticholinergic effects

Therapeutic Class

Antidepressant

Pharmacologic Class

Tricyclic antidepressant

Nursing Considerations

• Contraindicated in MI, heart failure, QT prolongation, glaucoma • May increase risk for suicidal ideation • May cause arrhythmias, hypotension, EKG changes • May cause alterations in blood glucose levels • May lead to general sedation and lethargy • Do not use within 2 weeks of MAOIs • Instruct pt to take medication exactly as instructed • Monitor for orthostatic hypotension • May lead to photosensitivity, instruct patient to use sunscreen • May turn urine blue/green color.

Matrix multiple-response questions require students to select more than one correct answer option from a matrix table. Here's how NGN matrix multiple-response questions are scored.  

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