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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend

Uploaded 31-08-22

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

How do we divide the social pie of the available resources in an economy across its household members? Economists have a way of figuring out what allocations of consumption bundles are efficient, or what allocations are not. Crucially, this is different from taking a stand on the appropriate distribution of income. Confusion on this subject, equity vs. efficiency, abounds in the popular press. An application is discussed: The Pareto optimal allocation of risk implemented with risk sharing rules – who gets what when there are adverse shocks.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: Energy vs entropy diagrams to represent equilibrium and nonequilibrium states, adiabatic availability, available energy. Energy and entropy balances. Criteria for reversibility. Minimum entropy decrease to extract energy from a stable equilibrium state.

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec03_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:01:27 - Review: Definition of Property Energy
00:03:17 - Review: Energy Balance Equation
00:05:14 - Review: Second Law of Thermodynamics
00:07:40 - Review: Definition of Temperature of a Reservoir
00:07:56 - Review: Definition of Property Entropy
00:09:41 - Review: Engineering Meaning of Entropy
00:11:36 - Criteria for Reversibility of a Weight Process
00:14:29 - Review: Entropy Balance Equation
00:18:07 - Review: Maximum Entropy Principle
00:20:10 - Review: State Principle and Fundamental Relation
00:23:35 - Gibbs Relation
00:25:19 - Temperature, Pressure, and Chemical Potentials
00:49:32 - Necessary Conditions for Mutual Equilibrium
00:53:22 - Graphical Representation of Basic Concepts
00:54:20 - Contruction of the Energy vs Entropy Diagram
00:57:11 - Representation of Non-Stable-Equilibrium States
01:01:47 - Special Systems with Upper Bounded Energy
01:22:07 - Review: Definition of Adiabatic Availability
01:23:39 - Representation of Adiabatic Availability
01:27:32 - Review: Mutual Equilibrium and Thermal Reservoir
01:33:52 - Representation of States of a Thermal Reservoir
01:34:45 - Review: Definition of Available Energy
01:36:13 - Representation of Available Energy
01:43:32 - A System in a Stable Equilibrium State Cannot...

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend

Uploaded 31-08-22

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

Farmers in medieval villages faced the risk of starvation and took great pains to diversify that risk as best they could, farming long narrow strips of land. There were also gains from pooling risk across distant villages. Surprisingly, such problems can be formalized with lotteries. Linear program problems capture this and a wide variety of applications.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
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We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: Mixture properties from partial properties. Properties of mixing. Lennard-Jones potential and the ideal gas. Ideal Gibbs-Dalton behavior and Dalton law. Mixtures of ideal gases. Amagat law. Entropy of irreversible mixing. Work from reversible mixing.

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec12_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:18 - Review: Stable-Equilibrium Properties of Mixtures
00:01:48 - Review: Central Role of Chemical Potentials
00:05:24 - Mixture Properties from the Partial Properties
00:06:33 - Properties of Isothermobaric Mixing
00:29:10 - Partial Properties in Terms of Partial Pressures
00:31:07 - Lennard-Jones Model of Intermolecular Forces
00:45:54 - Ideal Gibbs-Dalton Behavior
01:03:06 - Ideal Gibbs-Dalton Mixtures of Ideal Gases
01:11:59 - Mixing of Ideal Gases; Entropy of Mixing
01:30:49 - Extracting the Adiabatic Availability of Mixing

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

Uploaded 31-08-22

Professor Townsend presents economies that are striking in their organization, pinpoints key elements, draws a parallel between village economies and crypto currencies, and defines the what, how, and why of the science of economics. A course outline is provided.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
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We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: Jacobian determinants, cyclic relation, Mayer relation. Availability functions and criteria for the stability of equilibrium. LeChatelier-Braun principle (part II). Maximum work from a nonequilibrium state, minimum work to produce a nonequilibrium state.

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec07_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:16 - Review: Legendre Transform
00:02:39 - Review: Characteristic Functions
00:02:57 - Review: Maxwell Relations
00:03:10 - Jacobian Determinants
00:17:57 - Cyclic Relation
00:25:22 - Mayer Relation
00:30:01 - Back to Availability Functions
00:30:09 - Available Energy (Fixed Volume and Amounts)
00:38:59 - Stability Conditions from Available Energy
00:39:57 - Stability and LeChatelier-Braun Principle
00:41:26 - Available Energy (Variable Volume, Fixed Amounts)
00:48:26 - Stability Conditions that Follow
00:57:54 - Available Energy (One Variable Amount)
01:11:05 - Stability Conditions that Follow
01:11:53 - Available Energy (Variable Volume and All Amounts)
01:15:26 - Stability Conditions that Follow
01:16:31 - Other Stability Conditions
01:19:38 - Stability and LeChatelier-Braun Principle (Part I)
01:19:52 - LeChatelier-Braun Principle (General Statement)
01:37:55 - LeChatelier-Braun Principle Example: Air Springs

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend

Uploaded 31-08-22

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

This lecture shows how to make predictions about the impact of price and income changes on households, and whether household welfare improves or deteriorates.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ

We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: Ideal solution model. Van't Hoff relation for osmotic pressure of the solvent of a dilute solution. Osmotic power from river estuaries and salinity gradients (blue energy). Minimum work of complete and partial separation.

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec14_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:19 - Review: Stable-Equilibrium Properties of Mixtures
00:00:50 - Ideal Solution Behavior
00:10:51 - Osmotic Pressure: Van’t Hoff Relation
00:21:55 - Osmosis in Biology
00:23:43 - Osmosis in Engineering Applications
00:25:05 - An Important Example: Osmotic Pressure of Seawater
00:34:53 - Fresh Water Production from Saline Water
00:47:35 - Osmotic Power: a Potential Renewable Energy Source
00:54:12 - Blue Energy
00:58:13 - Minimum Work of Complete Mixture Separation
01:08:38 - Minimum Work of Partial Mixture Separation
01:19:37 - Demixing of Atmospheric Air Components
01:20:42 - Demixing of a Liquid Solution
01:24:56 - Stratification of Mixtures in Gravity Field

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
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We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend

Uploaded 31-08-22

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of many economies. Yet they appear to be constrained in their operations. This lecture answers the key questions of how to uncover the underlying obstacles to trade and then use that to guide policy improvements.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
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We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: More on exergies: cogeneration, trigeneration. More on allocation. Introduction to multicomponent systems. Role of chemical potentials and intermolecular forces. Partial pressures. Partial properties. Duhem-Margules relation. Few vs many particle systems.

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec11_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:31 - Review: Exergy in Heating and Cooling Bulk Flows
00:04:36 - Review: Minimum Exergy for Low Temperature Heating
00:07:30 - Review: Flame-Based Fuel-to-Power Conversion
00:08:59 - Review: Inherent Irreversibility of Flames
00:09:52 - Efficient and Inefficient Uses of Fossil Fuels
00:33:01 - Review: Allocation Problem in Cogeneration (CHP)
00:41:59 - Review: Allocation Problem in Hybrid Facilities
00:53:48 - Introduction to Part II: Chemical Potentials etc
00:55:09 - Stable-Equilibrium Properties of Mixtures
00:57:08 - Small Systems: Specific Properties Depend on “n”
01:00:43 - Large “n” Limit: Simple-System Approximation
01:12:15 - Partial Pressures to Measure Chemical Potentials
01:18:59 - Partial Properties from the Chemical Potentials
01:27:42 - Mixture Properties from the Partial Properties

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
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We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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