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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend

Uploaded 31-08-22

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

How should rational consumers decide what to buy? Economists break the problem down into its component parts: feasible available commodity bundles, preferences over goods and services, and budget constraints.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: Legendre transforms and characteristic functions: enthalpy; Helmholtz, Gibbs, and Euler free energies; Massieu and Planck free entropies. Maxwell relations. Available energies with respect to different reservoir kinds. LeChatelier-Braun principle (part I).

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec06_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:03:50 - Review: Definition of Heat Interaction
00:05:36 - Energy Exchange Entirely Distinguishable from Work
00:06:08 - Steady State Heat Transfer Requires Nonequilibrium
00:08:47 - Temperature as Escaping Tendency for Energy
00:16:24 - Chemical Potential as Escaping Tendency for Matter
00:21:58 - Measurement of Stable-Equilibrium Properties
00:23:12 - Review: Thermometer
00:23:32 - Review: Manometer
00:23:42 - Review: Partial Pressures and Chemical Potentials
00:24:19 - Review: Construction of the Fundamental Relation
00:30:30 - Changing Variables by Means of Legendre Transform
00:36:50 - Characteristic Functions from Legendre Transforms
00:52:39 - Maxwell Relations; Helmholts and Gibbs Free Energy
00:57:52 - Maxwell Relations; Partial Entropy and Volume
01:01:40 - Other Characteristic Functions
01:05:15 - Massieu, Hortsmann-Planck, and Euler Free Entropy
01:07:08 - Availability Functions
01:08:56 - Available Energy (Fixed Volume and Amounts)
01:20:19 - Stability Conditions from Available Energy
01:30:24 - LeChatelier-Braun Principle (Part I)

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend

Uploaded 31-08-22

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

Prof. Townsend reviews content from lectures 8-15 to help students prepare for the midterm exam.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ

We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: Stoichiometry. Proportionality relation. Reactions of formation. Hess relation. Fictitious ideal gas state at standard temperature and pressure. Heating values and exergy of hydrocarbons. Adiabatic flame temperature. Unattainability of a reversible flame.

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec18_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:17 - Review: Systems with Chemical Reactions
00:00:30 - Closed and Open Systems with Chemical Reactions
00:01:28 - Review: Notation and Proportionality Relations
00:01:52 - Review: Properties of Reaction
00:03:20 - Enthalpy of Formation Illustrated on a H-S Diagram
00:05:08 - Van der Waals Forces versus Covalent Bonds
00:07:12 - Enthalpy of Formation and Bond Energies
00:11:17 - Properties of Formation and Hess Relation
00:24:10 - Direction of Spontanueos Reaction
00:27:51 - When Is a Reaction Product- or Reactant-Favored?
00:44:49 - Maximum Work Obtainable; Minimum Work Required
00:47:19 - Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
00:54:21 - Heating Value and Exergy of a Fuel
00:55:58 - Lower and Higher Heating Values
01:05:27 - Adiabatic Flame Temperature
01:25:38 - Summary on an Energy vs Entropy Diagram
01:34:15 - Is a Reversible Combustion Possible?


License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend

Uploaded 31-08-22

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

A theory which can always be made consistent with data has no content. A good theory is one which can be rejected. Algorithms can be used with data to show when consumer choice is irrational. Despite the notion that “anything goes” in general equilibrium theory, recent work shows what data are sufficient to allow rejection.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
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We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: Definition of heat interaction. First and second law efficiencies of heat engines, refrigeration units, heat pumps. Stable equilibrium properties (temperature, pressure, heat capacities, coefficients of isothermal compressibility and isobaric expansion).

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec05_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:17 - Review: a More Precise Clausius Inequality
00:03:19 - Types of Interactions Between System
00:03:40 - Definition of Work Interaction
00:05:41 - Definition of Non-Work Interaction
00:07:18 - Definition of Heat Interaction
00:13:09 - Our Definition of Heat versus Heat Transfer
00:18:16 - Steady State Heat Transfer Requires Nonequilibrium
00:29:59 - Energy and Entropy Exchanges Between Reservoirs
00:33:16 - Interposing a System Makes Reversibility Possible
00:36:00 - Heat Engine Between Two Thermal Reservoirs
00:47:32 - Refrigerator Between Two Thermal Reservoirs
00:54:17 - Heat Pump Between Two Thermal Reservoirs
00:57:04 - Measurements of Stable-Equilibrium Properties
00:58:31 - Thermometer
01:00:06 - Manometer
01:00:58 - Pressure vs Force per Unit Area
01:02:31 - Heat Capacities
01:04:34 - Enthalpy and Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure
01:09:54 - Heat Capacity at Constant Volume
01:14:12 - Equation of State
01:14:37 - Mayer Relation, Sound Speed, Etc
01:15:45 - Gibbs Free Energy and Chemical Potentials
01:15:58 - Partial Pressures and Chemical Potentials
01:23:36 - Summary of Properties
01:26:48 - Fundamental Relation from Measurements
01:29:49 - Changing Variables by Means of Legendre Transform

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend

Uploaded 31-08-22

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

Who are the winners and losers, capital owners or wage laborers, when an economy opens up to international trade? Is there any impact from prohibiting immigration, e.g., with a wall, if there is free movement of goods?

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ

We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: Extracting the adiabatic availability of mixing. Semipermeable membranes. Gibbs paradox. Shannon information entropy. Quantum model for the stable equilibrium states of a single particle in a box. Ideal gas equation of state for a single particle in a box.

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec13_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:22 - Review: Stable-Equilibrium Properties of Mixtures
00:00:41 - Review: Properties of Isothermobaric Mixing
00:01:09 - Review: Lennard-Jones Potential
00:02:33 - Review: Ideal Gibbs-Dalton Behavior
00:04:29 - Review: Ideal Gibbs-Dalton Mixtures of Ideal Gases
00:05:27 - Review: Mixing of Ideal Gases; Entropy of Mixing
00:06:33 - Review: Adiabatic Availability of Mixing
00:09:26 - Semipermeable Membranes
00:11:53 - Gibbs Paradox (Resolved)
00:22:17 - Information Theory Interpretation: Shannon Entropy
00:38:17 - Quantum Model of a Structureless Particle in a Box
01:03:34 - Energy and Entropy from Quantum Probabilities
01:10:12 - Steepest Entropy Ascent Evolution of Probabilities
01:13:48 - Ideal Gas Equation of State for a Single Particle
01:35:36 - Introducing Ideal Solution Behavior

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend

Uploaded 31-08-22

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqF

Prof. Townsend reviews content from lectures 16-21 to help students prepare for the final exam.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ

We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

Uploaded 05-12-24

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il

This lecture covers: Chemical kinetics. Collisions and Arrhenius activation energy. Principle of detailed balance. Affinity as degree of disequilibrium. Entropy production as product of affinity and reaction rate. DoD build-up in supersonic nozzle expansion. CO2 power laser.

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec20_pdf/

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:19 - Activated Complex in the Simple System Model
00:00:53 - Extension of the Simple System: Assumptions
00:05:31 - Affinities and Non-Equilibrium Law of Mass Action
00:07:28 - Self-Ionization of Pure Liquid Water: pH and pOH
00:14:31 - Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
00:15:18 - Potential Energy Surface and the Activated Complex
00:21:03 - Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution of Velocities
00:23:35 - Arrhenius Activation Barrier
00:28:03 - Reaction Rates and Collision Probabilities
00:37:29 - Hydrocarbon Oxidation: Detailed Kinetic Mechanisms
00:40:16 - Detailed Balance and Degree of Disequilibrium
00:45:49 - Direction of Reaction and Fluctuation Relation
00:53:53 - Half-Equilibrium of the Activated Complex
01:03:43 - When Some Reactions Are Much Faster than Others
01:12:27 - Nonequilibrium Build Up in Supersonic Nozzle
01:17:17 - Degree of Disequilibrium Build Up in a Nozzle
01:25:32 - Nonequilibrium Gasdynamic Infrared Power Laser
01:29:44 - Vibrational Levels of the CO2 Molecule

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
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We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.



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