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Scripture: Hebrews 2:14-18
Scripture: Hebrews 2:14-18
A. The diagnosis: mankind is born into a desperate spiritual predicament
B. Two responses to guilt illustrated in Genesis 3
C. Every attempt at self-justification is faulty from the start; we remain condemned before God as long as we look to ourselves
A. Christ takes to himself full humanity
B. Christ takes to himself fully the cup of God's wrath
C. Christ had to be made like us in every way so that he might be the justifier of his people
A. What is accomplished must be applied — a balm left unapplied does no good to the wound
B. The target of Christ's work — Hebrews 2:16
C. Justification is received by faith alone in Christ alone
D. Practical application: justification delivers from bondage to the fear of death — Hebrews 2:14-15
Scripture: Psalm 149:1
A. Throughout redemptive history, new songs accompany new and powerful acts of God
B. Key examples of new songs across Scripture:
A. The hymns of the Christmas season are songs of fulfillment, not merely songs of anticipation
B. The congregation stands in the long line of redemptive history when it gathers to sing
A. Psalm 150 commands all creation, with every instrument and voice, to praise the Lord
B. Psalm 149:1 calls the assembly of the godly to sing a new song to the Lord
C. The church is summoned to carry the joy of the incarnation not only in the Christmas season but throughout all of life, until Christ returns
Scripture: Galatians 4:1-7
Scripture: Galatians 4:1-7
A. Paul's phrase "born of woman" (Galatians 4:4) echoes the proto-gospel of Genesis 3:15, pointing not to one specific woman but to generic, representative womanhood
B. The "woman" of Genesis 3:15 is fulfilled progressively through redemptive history
C. Union with the Son born of woman grants believers a new family history
A. The Son was "born under the law" (Galatians 4:4), specifically the Mosaic law given to Israel
B. Jesus undergoes a second, final "circumcision" at the cross (Colossians 2), cut off for our sins, completing the legal transaction
C. The legal reality of adoption is robust and permanent
A. Christ is called Son of Man because he is born of woman, and Son of God because he is born of the Spirit
B. The Spirit does not make us sons; rather, because we are sons, the Father sends the Spirit of his Son into our hearts (Galatians 4:6)
C. Election grounds adoption before time; the Spirit applies it in time
Scripture: Titus 2:11-14
Scripture: Titus 2:11-14
A. Context: the two appearances of Christ
B. The grace of God trains us (Titus 2:12); there is an educating power in grace (Donald Guthrie)
C. Negatively: we are trained to renounce ungodliness and worldly passions
D. Positively: we are trained to live self-controlled, upright, and godly lives
E. Such piety is possible only because of Christ's justifying work and the Spirit's sanctifying work (cf. Ephesians 2:10; 2 Timothy 3:16-17)
A. Disciplines and dispositions belong together; Paul is equally concerned with how we practice piety, not only what we do
B. First disposition: hope-filled waiting (Titus 2:13)
C. Second disposition: eager working (Titus 2:14)
D. Conclusion: the Spirit uses hope-filled waiting and growing eagerness to season our disciplines, so that we adorn the doctrine of God (Titus 2:10) — making beautiful in our lives what we believe and confess
Scripture: John 17
Scripture: John 1:11-13; John 3:1-8
A. Christ came to bring life — John 10:10
B. Man was created with vital spiritual life breathed into him by God — Genesis 2:7
C. That spiritual life was lost through sin
D. Therefore you must be born again — John 3:3
A. Those who believe are those who were born of God — John 1:12-13
B. You must be born of water and the Spirit — John 3:5
C. Christ himself is the one who gives this life
D. Geerhardus Vos: the Spirit works out of Christ and jointly with Christ, taking the life of Christ and implanting it in the dead heart
A. Thomas Boston on regeneration: the question of assurance — how shall we know whether we are born again?
B. The marks of regeneration, adapting the language of the Westminster Confession:
C. The chief mark: being effectually drawn to Jesus Christ
D. Application and call
Scripture: Romans 8:1-8
A. God the Father as sacrificial offerer, not merely Christ as sacrificial offering
B. To miss the Father as sacrificial offerer leads to pietism — self-feeding rather than receiving from the Father's gracious hand
A. The Son is sent from the Father as the pre-incarnate, heavenly Man (1 Corinthians 15)
B. Christ condemns sin in the flesh — in that very nature dominated by sin in all others, he vanquishes sin's power
C. Satan as accuser is answered both in justification and in sanctification
A. Paul presents a trickle-down structure of the two governing principles — flesh and spirit
B. Those in the flesh are totally depraved and totally unable to please God (Romans 8:7-8)
C. Reconciling Romans 7 and Romans 8
D. Piety is Spirit-wrought warfare with sin
Scripture: James 4:1-10
A. Definition of covetousness
B. Covetousness is the fountainhead of many sins
C. Covetousness reveals our sinful hearts — James 4:1-3
D. Covetousness destroys the covenant community — James 4:4-5
A. Humble yourself before the Lord — James 4:6-10
B. Love your neighbor — Romans 13:8-10
C. Be strengthened in Christ — Philippians 4:11-13
Scripture: John 16:16-33
Scripture: John 16:16-33
A. The world rejoices at Christ's crucifixion, while the disciples mourn — but this sorrow will be reversed at the resurrection
B. Jesus uses the illustration of a woman in labor: pain is the means to joy, not its opposite
C. Joy in Christ this side of glory is always a cross-bearing joy
A. Jesus introduces two redemptive-historical epochs of prayer
B. Christ's mediation is not arm-twisting — the Father himself loves believers (John 16:26-27)
C. Prayer is the completion of joy because it is the ascension of the soul to God (John of Damascus)
A. The disciples express overconfident faith, claiming full understanding — but Jesus exposes the limits of their self-reliance
B. Jesus does not need his disciples' faith to accomplish salvation — only the strength of his Father by the Spirit
C. The peace and joy Christ offers is given precisely to those who have failed and scattered
Scripture: John 16:5-15
Scripture: John 16:5-15
A. The "Helper" (Greek: Paraclete) was introduced in John 14:16 and 14:26 as a witness-advocate in a court of law
B. The Spirit convicts the world in three areas (John 16:8-11)
C. The primary Redemptive-historical fulfillment is the Day of Pentecost (Acts 2:22-24)
D. Application: the Spirit's conviction comes through the inscripturated Word
A. Jesus has more to say but the disciples cannot bear it yet (John 16:12-13)
B. Redemptive history has reached its age of maturity (Galatians 4:4-6)
C. The Spirit's role in creation mirrors his role in new creation
A. The Spirit's guidance is not vague or mystical — it is bound to the glory of the Son (John 16:14)
B. The Gnostic error — then and now — separates the Spirit from the objective person and work of Christ
C. The Paraclete as Christ's closest confidant (John 15:26-27)
D. Christ gives us his closest friend and Confidant
Scripture: Genesis 1:26-2:3
Scripture: Genesis 1:26–2:3
A. The creation of man is marked by an abrupt shift in the creation narrative
B. Adam is called "the son of God" in Luke 3 — all creation is gifted to him as to a son
C. Personal piety is cultivated in private prayer and time in God's Word
A. The plural "let us" in Genesis 1:26 reflects the three persons of the Trinity in counsel
B. The primary corporate relationship established at creation is the family
C. Corporate piety means rejoicing over fellow image bearers
D. Corporate piety begins not with our ascent but with receiving the purity given in Christ
A. At its core, work is caring for the gifts God has given his image bearers
B. A reward-based definition of work breeds bitterness; a gift-based definition enables contentment
C. All work is oriented toward the eternal Sabbath rest
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