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Scripture: Judges 4-5
Scripture: Judges 4–5
A. The cycle of sin repeats in Judges 4:1
B. The two oppressors: Jabin and Sisera
C. The pattern of doubles throughout the account (two oppressors, two women, two generals) serves to highlight the one the story is truly about: the Lord
A. The victory belongs to the Lord
B. The Lord orders every detail — equipment and location
C. The Lord delivers by a storm
D. The Lord delivers by a hammer
E. Jael points us to Jesus
A. Deborah and Barak sing on the very day of victory (Judges 5:1) — twice declaring "Bless the Lord," "I will sing to the Lord"
B. The antidote to cold Christianity
Scripture: John 18:12-27
Scripture: John 18:12-27
A. Multiple violations of Jewish legal procedure are evident in Jesus's trial
B. The background of Annas and Caiaphas illuminates the motive
C. A strange but real comfort for believers
A. Peter denies Christ three times, fulfilling Jesus's prediction in John 13:38
B. The root cause: Peter was unprepared for what following Christ actually entails
C. God's grace in exposing Peter's weakness
A. Jesus's response to interrogation is not insolence — it is a principled appeal to lawful procedure
B. Jesus's declaration — "I have spoken openly to the world" (John 18:20) — reveals the consistent, non-Gnostic character of his ministry
C. The word of Christ is both righteous and dangerous to the kingdoms of this world
Scripture: John 18:1-11
Scripture: John 18:1-11
A. Jesus enters the Garden of Gethsemane having just completed the High Priestly Prayer of John 17, now ready to receive the cup from his Father
B. Jesus comes forward voluntarily — he is not a fugitive scattering in fear but freely acquiesces to the Father's mission (John 18:4)
C. The Greek verb for Judas's betrayal ("gave up") is the same verb Paul uses in Romans 8:32 — "he who did not spare his own Son but gave him up for us all"; Judas is responsible for his sin, yet it is simultaneously the Father giving the Son up for us
D. Jesus continues to care for and protect his disciples even in his arrest (John 18:8-9)
A. Two groups of soldiers are present: Temple Police (servants of the Sanhedrin) and Roman soldiers, the latter deployed in extra numbers because Passover pilgrimage created risk of Jewish nationalist uprising
B. Judas was essential to the authorities because he could lead them at night to the private, frequented garden — likely a walled enclosure — without causing a public uproar among the Passover crowds (John 12)
C. When Jesus says "I am he" (egō eimi), the soldiers draw back and fall to the ground (John 18:6)
D. The whole house of Israel and all humanity is implicated — Acts 2:36: "God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified"
A. Peter draws a sword (likely the Roman short sword concealed under a garment) and strikes the high priest's servant Malchus, cutting off his right ear
B. Jesus's rebuke — "Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?" (John 18:11) — echoes his earlier correction of Peter: "Get behind me, Satan, for you are not setting your mind on the things of God but on the things of man"
C. The contrast between Jesus and Peter is stark
D. Peter's sword-swing is not courage but fear of man, which will be fully exposed in his three denials later in the same chapter
E. Application: Scripture calls us to be watchful, to admonish one another, and to warn against conforming to the world (Romans 12:2) — but this must flow from fear of God, not fear of man
Scripture: Judges 3:7-31
Scripture: Judges 3:7-31
A. Israel's sin brings a reversal of fortunes (Judges 3:12)
B. Israel cries out, and the Lord raises up a deliverer (Judges 3:15), echoing Exodus 1
C. Sin is always regression, never progress
D. God's mercy in sending oppression is meant to drive his people forward in righteousness, not backward into sin
A. Ehud is introduced with layers of irony
B. Wordplay on "hand" runs throughout the passage
C. Ehud's deception employs deliberate double meaning
D. God delights in making his enemies a laughing stock; the supreme example is the cross, which is folly to both Jews and Gentiles
A. Eglon's name in Hebrew means "fattened calf" — one ready for slaughter
B. The servants' embarrassment adds to the humiliation of Israel's enemy (Judges 3:24-25)
C. The 10,000 Moabites slain are described as "fat and strong" — like their king, fattened calves ready for slaughter (Judges 3:29)
D. Eglon is a warning about the danger of success without acknowledging God
A. The land rests 80 years, but the cycle resumes after Ehud dies (Judges 3:30)
B. The judges' role combines military deliverance and governing authority — they keep the law of Yahweh in the land
C. The repeated death of judges is not merely a cry for a permanent military general but for an everlasting governing authority ruling in the ways of Yahweh — an everlasting Father whose government will never end (Isaiah 9:6-7)
D. Jesus Christ is the answer to Judges' cry
Scripture: John 17:20-26
Scripture: John 17:20-26
A. The prayer of John 17 is not only for the disciples present with Jesus, but for all who will believe through the apostolic word
B. The Son is sent by the Father to reveal the Father's name and character
C. There is a cascading, apostolic unity: Father → Son → Apostles → Church
A. Christ nearly equates Oneness with love throughout the prayer
B. The early Greek fathers (e.g., Irenaeus, Athanasius) used the language of deification to strain toward describing this union
C. This Triune love shared with the church is to be visibly manifested to the world
D. The call to maturity in unity
A. John 17:24 — Jesus desires that his people be with him to see his glory
B. Christ's glory is inseparable from the Father's love for the Son
C. Contemplating the glory of Christ is the principal exercise of faith (John Owen)
Scripture: Judges 1:27-3:6
Scripture: Judges 1:27–3:6
A. Historical backdrop: Exodus 23 and Deuteronomy 7 command Israel to drive out the Canaanites completely and make no covenant with them
C. The angel of the Lord at Bochim charges the people with covenant-breaking (Judges 2:1–2): "You have not obeyed my voice"
E. The Book of Judges ultimately points beyond the human judges to the Judge and King — the Lion of the Tribe of Judah, the second Adam, Christ
A. The Lord warned in Exodus 23: let the peoples dwell among you and their gods will become a snare to you — because God knows what is in man's heart
C. Application to the New Testament church
Scripture: John 17:6-19
Scripture: John 17:6-19
A. Jesus declares that his disciples were the Father's own before being given to the Son — this reflects the Covenant of Redemption (pactum salutis), in which the Father covenants with the Son to redeem all whom the Father gives him
B. Jesus prays specifically for the elect — not for the world — but for those given to him by the Father (John 17:9)
C. The statement "all mine is yours" could be said by any creature, but "all yours is mine" belongs to God alone — Jesus claims the incommunicable attributes of God, demonstrating his full divinity
D. The stubborn, relentless, steadfast ownership of God's people is seen in all its divine and glorious form in the God-man Jesus Christ — prophet, priest, and king — who is perfectly aligned with the Father's heart in a way no mere mortal could be
A. Responsible ownership means preserving what one owns; the Father's greatest gift to the incarnate Son is his bride, the church — Jesus Christ is not an irresponsible owner (John 17:12)
B. The loss of Judas illustrates the distinction between the visible and invisible church — Judas was never given to the Son as one of the elect (John 6:64-65)
C. Christ prays that the Father keep the disciples from the evil one (John 17:15) — the same construction as the Lord's Prayer ("deliver us from evil")
D. Our perseverance in the faith is wholly dependent upon the Father's preservation through the intercession of our high priest Jesus Christ — every day a believer wakes and confesses Christ as Lord, they owe that to their interceding high priest
A. Jesus prays "sanctify them in the truth; your word is truth" — the Father's word, given through the Son, is not merely true but is truth itself (John 17:17)
B. In John 17:19, Jesus says "I consecrate myself" — the same Greek word as sanctify — speaking of his self-offering in death
C. The end goal of salvation is not merely eternal life but holiness — sanctification granted by the Spirit uniting believers to the holy Son
D. Just as our perseverance rests in Christ as high priest, so also our holiness rests in Christ — he presents his atoning death before the Father on behalf of his people and intercedes: "Sanctify your people"
Scripture: Luke 2:40-52
A. Luke frames the passage with two parallel statements about Jesus' growth
B. The incarnation required genuine human growth and learning
C. Christ's real growth enables him to sympathize with us
A. The context: Mary and Joseph make the annual Passover pilgrimage to Jerusalem (Luke 2:41-42)
B. After a day's travel and an extended search, his parents find him in the temple — the last place they thought to look
C. Jesus' first recorded words reveal his mission (Luke 2:49)
D. Jesus stands in a unique relationship to the Father
A. Jesus used his temporary freedom faithfully — not idling or getting into mischief, but increasing in godly wisdom before the face of his Father
B. After being found, he returned to Nazareth and was submissive to his parents (Luke 2:51)
C. Christ's obedience is our model
D. Application: trust in Christ who perfectly accomplished salvation; follow him as the perfect model — not to make ourselves feel more holy, but in grateful response to what he has done
Scripture: Matthew 28:19-20; The Means of Grace and our Piety
Scripture: Matthew 28:18-20
A. Jesus speaks with full authority, fulfilling the vision of Daniel 7:13-14
B. By his royal authority, Christ commands the use of specific means: Word and Sacraments
A. The means come to us from outside ourselves — suited to creatures of body and soul
B. Word and Sacraments are one thing in two outward forms (Kevin DeYoung)
C. The outward means must be accompanied by the inward working of the Spirit and received by faith
A. Ordinary in the sense of being unspectacular
B. Ordinary in the sense of being the usual, regular, and perpetual means
C. The ordinary means accomplish God's saving (beginning) grace
D. The ordinary means accomplish God's sanctifying (finishing) grace
E. Concluding exhortation
Scripture: Isaiah 11
Scripture: Isaiah 11:1-10
A. The "stump" language of Isaiah 11:1 signals near-total devastation — the Assyrian and Babylonian judgments on Israel and Judah have left only a remnant
B. The shoot comes from Jesse, not David — pointing to a king of humble origins on a wholly different plane of righteousness from all previous sons of David
C. Holiness begins as a small, insignificant shoot and grows — those united to Christ likewise count themselves lowly, growing into the maturity and holiness of the Son
A. In Isaiah 11:1 Jesus is the shoot from the stump of Jesse (Son of David), but in Isaiah 11:10 he is the root of Jesse (eternal Son of God)
B. Sanctification is not about mechanics — it is about organic union with the root, Jesus Christ
C. 1 Corinthians 1:26-31 — Christ Jesus "became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption"; Paul does not say Jesus is the means to sanctification — Jesus Christ is our sanctification
A. The Spirit's role in the Old Testament was primarily to rest on specific individuals for specific offices (e.g., Numbers 11 — the Spirit on Moses distributed to the 70 elders; the Spirit coming upon Saul and David for kingship)
B. The Spirit's role in this King is unique — Isaiah 11:3 — he shall not judge by what his eyes see or his ears hear, but with omniscient knowledge
C. Our sanctification is not measured under the microscope of fallible, mortal judges but before the judgment seat of the infallible God-man
D. Christ wore the Belt of Righteousness not only for himself but for us — freed from the law's condemnation, we see the loveliness of holiness in the face of Christ and pursue it until he comes again
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