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Scripture: Acts 17:22-34
Scripture: Acts 17:22-34
A. Paul addresses the Athenians at the Areopagus, the intellectual center of the Greco-Roman world, where philosophers gathered to discuss new spiritual ideas
B. The appeal of an unknown God is that man can define and enjoy him on his own terms — idolatry in all forms is man's word dictating who God is, as opposed to God's word making him known
C. The resurrection of Christ confirms that all of God's word is true and that God can be known
A. Paul confronts Athenian ethnic pride by declaring that all humanity shares a common origin in one man — Adam (Acts 17:26)
B. Idolatry is not only an offense to God but an offense to man — it is the loss of human dignity
C. The resurrection restores the dignity of man
A. Paul models the proper balance in evangelism: finding points of contact with unbelievers (following Francis Schaeffer's concept) without softening hard truths about God's judgment
B. The resurrection is the guarantee of Christ's return to judge the living and the dead (Acts 17:31)
C. God is merciful, gracious, and slow to anger, but his patience must not be presumed upon
Scripture: Judges 14
Scripture: Judges 14
A. The Spirit of the Lord rushes upon Samson to defeat the lion (Judges 14:6)
B. The lion episode is a foreshadowing of greater acts to come
C. Application: The ordinary means of grace on the Lord's Day function as the Spirit's preparation for the battles of the week
A. Samson's Nazirite vows are broken in multiple ways
B. Samson is a living illustration of the warnings of Proverbs 5:7-14
C. Yet Samson appears in the Hall of Faith (Hebrews 11) — God does not merely work through weakness; he takes pleasure in working through weakness
D. The real question of God's greatness is not whether he overcomes material obstacles, but whether he saves wretched sinners like Samson — and like us
A. The Hebrew word meaning to tell occurs 14 times in this chapter, making secrecy the governing theme
B. God's decree and his hidden providence in carrying it out
C. Comfort for parents of wayward children
Scripture: Jonah 2
Scripture: Jonah 2
A. Jonah's rebellion in chapter 1 is depicted as a downward movement — away from the Lord's presence, descending to Joppa, to Tarshish, into the ship, into the sea, and finally into Sheol (Jonah 2:5-6)
B. Jonah's prayer itself is his repentance — a contrast to his silence before God in Jonah 1:6
C. Repentance must begin in the heart
D. Repentance produces a changed life motivated by gratitude, not guilt or shame
A. Jonah despairs, feeling cast off by God — sensing he is past the point of repentance (Jonah 2:4a)
B. The turning point: Jonah remembers who God is (Jonah 2:4b, 2:7)
C. Jonah 2:8 — "Those who pay regard to vain idols forsake their hope of steadfast love"
A. Jonah's prayer heaps up the starkest language of hopelessness found anywhere in Scripture
B. Jonah is a type of Christ (Matthew 12:38-42)
C. The resurrection of Christ secures the believer's standing in life and death
Scripture: Jonah 1
Scripture: Jonah 1:1-17
A. God commands Jonah to go to Nineveh, the capital of the brutal Assyrian Empire, and call out against it
B. Jonah's rebellion is open-eyed and willful, not ignorant
C. It is foolishness to flee from the omnipresent God
A. The literary structure of chapter 1 brilliantly uses the contrast of "arise" and "go down" to depict the trajectory of sin
B. Sin always leads to a destination — the soul is always on a trajectory either upward in obedience or downward in rebellion
C. Sin makes you slumber — Jonah sleeps through a violent storm
D. Jonah's solution — "throw me into the sea" — is effectively suicide; sin against God is self-destruction
A. God uses all of creation providentially to pursue and restore his wayward people
B. The pagan sailors are converted to the Lord — a major theme of Jonah is that God's saving hand reaches beyond Israel
C. Jonah thrown overboard is the sailors' salvation — he is a living sacrifice pointing to Christ
D. Closing application: No matter how deep your sin feels, the sovereign Lord has appointed not merely a great fish but a great Son to hide you in his love and restore you
Scripture: Judges 13
Scripture: Judges 13
A. The barren wife of Manoah receives a word of promise from the angel of the Lord
B. The woman relays the word to her husband but omits the boy's destiny — Judges 13:6-7
C. Application: We are prone to selective hearing of the word
A. Manoah, whose name means rest, is restless — he feels left behind and out of control
B. Manoah presses for more details about the child's manner of life and mission — Judges 13:12
C. Application: We too seek more than what God has given in his word
A. The visitor's identity is gradually revealed as the pre-incarnate Son of God
B. Manoah and his wife finally see rightly and fall on their faces in worship — Judges 13:20
C. The salvation promised through Samson is a shadow of the greater salvation in Christ
Scripture: John 21:15-25
Scripture: John 21:15-25
A. The context: Jesus restores Peter only after sharing a fellowship meal with him, demonstrating that hard words come wrapped in love
B. True repentance requires both grief over sin and apprehension of God's mercy
C. The searching eye of Christ both convicts and comforts
A. The commission to feed Christ's flock flows directly from love for Christ
B. Jesus addresses Peter as "Simon, son of John," echoing his initial call in John 1, signifying a fresh start and a return to humble dependence
C. Martin Bucer's five categories of sheep provide a framework for caring for the flock
D. The test case of love for Christ is love for his people
A. The call to follow Christ is a call to die to self and, if necessary, to die for the gospel
B. The English Reformers (Ridley, Cranmer) advanced the gospel more through how they died than through all their writings
C. Peter's question about John ("What about this man?") reveals a lingering tendency to compare himself with others
D. The call of Christ is personal and individual — your relationship with Christ is not determined by how he deals with others, but by how he deals with you
Scripture: Judges 11 :28-40
Scripture: Judges 11:29–12:7
A. The Spirit of the Lord comes upon Jephthah, equipping him for battle (Judges 11:29)
B. The Lord gives Israel a stunning victory over the Ammonites (Judges 11:32–33)
C. The Lord is the true King in Judges — providing, fighting, and saving even when unrecognized
A. Jephthah's vow was unnecessary and reflected a lack of trust in God (Judges 11:30–31)
B. Application: We are prone to make the same bargains with God
C. The plain sense of Jephthah's vow is that he offered his daughter as a burnt sacrifice (Judges 11:39)
D. The Lord provided a gracious way out through the law of rash vows (Leviticus 5:4–6)
E. Sin compounds when we refuse to repent
A. Ephraim's pride: a recurring pattern in Judges
B. Jephthah's response is saturated with self-importance (Judges 12:2–3)
C. Application: C.S. Lewis on humility — "Humility is not thinking less of yourself but thinking of yourself less"
D. The tragic result: 42,000 Ephraimites killed at the fords of the Jordan (Judges 12:6)
E. Jephthah himself dies, proving he was not enough (Judges 12:7)
A. Jephthah's daughter and the Lord Jesus: a limited but instructive connection
B. Christ is the atoning sacrifice that Jephthah refused to accept in place of his daughter
C. Do not find rest for your soul in any earthly judge or king — find rest in the atoning death and resurrection of Christ
Scripture: John 21:1-14
Scripture: John 21:1-14
A. Jesus addresses the disciples as "children" (paidia) — a term of endearment echoing his earlier use of the same language in John 13:33
B. Jesus asks if they have caught any fish, though he already knows the answer — like a father eager to give a gift, he builds anticipation before the reveal
C. Abundance as a means of seeing Christ clearly
A. For Jewish people, sharing a meal carried deep covenantal and religious significance — welcoming a person to eat was an act of covenant solidarity
B. The charcoal fire is laden with meaning
C. Christ is always host, never guest
A. Peter jumps into the water and puts on his outer garment before swimming to Jesus — a seemingly illogical act
B. The Greek word translated "stripped" (gymnos) literally means naked — throughout Scripture nakedness is associated with shame over sin before a holy God (cf. Adam and Eve)
C. Verse 12 — "None of the disciples dared ask him, 'Who are you?' They knew it was the Lord" — language of trepidation and Godly fear before the uncanny presence of the God-man
D. Fear and joy held together
Scripture: John 20:19-31
Scripture: John 20:19–31
A. The world offers peace through surrender; Christ offers peace through victory over death
B. The resurrection is not a warm sentiment but a nail-marked reality that meets us in our fear
A. Jesus commissions his disciples, passing the baton as Moses did to Joshua and Elijah to Elisha (John 20:21)
B. Christ breathes on the disciples and says "Receive the Holy Spirit" (John 20:22)
C. The authority to bind and loose — forgive or retain sins — is given to the apostles (John 20:23)
D. As God's breath produces Scripture (2 Timothy 3:16), Christ's breath produces his church — the mark of his Spirit
A. Thomas's doubt and Christ's response (John 20:26–28)
B. Thomas's confession — "My Lord and my God" — is the climactic declaration the entire gospel builds toward (John 20:28)
C. The historical defense of Christ's deity — Athanasius and the Arian controversy
D. The purpose statement of the gospel: these things are written so that you may believe Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name (John 20:30–31)
Scripture: Judges 11
Scripture: Judges 11:1-28
A. Jephthah's background: a mighty warrior, but son of a prostitute, driven out by his half-brothers and forced to live in Tob among "worthless fellows"
B. The Gileadites who shamed and expelled Jephthah now return in distress to ask him to fight the Ammonites — mirroring Israel's treatment of Yahweh throughout Judges
C. The correlation between treatment of God and treatment of His image bearers
A. The Ammonite king's charge: Israel took his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok when coming up from Egypt; he demands it restored
B. Jephthah's response — setting the record straight through messengers
C. The significance of Israel as a historical people
A. Jephthah's confidence rests not in facts alone but in the God behind the facts
B. Facts without God behind them are ultimately powerless
C. The resurrection as the ultimate vindication — the decisive sign that the righteous Judge sees and acts
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