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Scripture: Judges 10
Scripture: Judges 10:1-16
A. Our consistent condition of forgetfulness (vv. 3–14)
B. Our consistent condition of Fallen misery (vv. 9, 16)
A. The Lord is constantly just (vv. 13–14)
B. The Lord is constantly love itself (v. 16)
Scripture: John 20:1-18
Scripture: John 20:1-18
A. Mary Magdalene arrives at the tomb early while it is still dark and finds the stone removed; she runs to Peter and John assuming grave robbery, which was common enough that Emperor Claudius invoked the death penalty for it
B. Peter and John race to the tomb; John arrives first and peers in cautiously, but Peter enters immediately
C. The grave clothes point to a theological distinction between Lazarus's resurrection and Christ's
D. Jesus's word to Mary — "Do not cling to me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father" — reflects his Farewell Discourse
A. Mary remains weeping at the tomb while Peter and John return home; her loud wailing shows she still believes the body has been stolen
B. Mary sees two angels in white — one at the head, one at the foot — seated where Jesus had lain
C. Jesus appears to Mary; she mistakes him for the gardener
D. The resurrection is a personal, name-calling event
E. Jesus declares: "I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God"
A. John enters the tomb, sees the evidence, and believes — the word used throughout John's Gospel for saving faith
B. The Emmaus Road account in Luke 24:27 is the best interpretive guide: "Beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself"
C. Old Testament type: Elijah and the Widow's son (1 Kings 17)
D. Paul in 1 Corinthians 15 bases the truthfulness of all of Scripture on a single event — the resurrection of Jesus Christ
Scripture: Judges 9
Scripture: Judges 9
A. Abimelech, the "anti-judge," is the product of Gideon's sinful union with a concubine — a wicked man who brings chaos to Israel
B. Jotham escapes and delivers a parable from Mount Gerizim
C. God sends a harmful spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem (Judges 9:23)
D. The leaders of Shechem flee to the stronghold of the House of El-Berith (Judges 9:46)
A. The word relatives or brother drives the entire narrative
B. What is evaporating is Israel itself — there is no cohesive twelve-tribe nation, only clans, cliques, and factions
C. Paul addresses this clickish, tribal mentality in 1 Corinthians 12
D. True Christian unity is not unity for unity's sake (which becomes lukewarmness)
A. Jotham — the fugitive prophet — defeats the enemy simply by speaking God's word
B. Abimelech is killed by an unnamed woman who drops an upper millstone on his skull (Judges 9:53)
C. The ultimate fulfillment: Christ on the cross
D. Application: the missionary E. P. Scott
Scripture: John 19:31-42
Scripture: John 19:31-42
A. The Jews requested that the victims' legs be broken to hasten death before the Sabbath
B. The soldiers found Jesus already dead and pierced his side with a spear, producing blood and water
C. John's emphasis on the physical reality of Christ's death combats Docetism
D. The physical death of Christ is the very foundation of our salvation
A. Scripture is fulfilled: "Not one of his bones will be broken" (Psalm 34:20)
B. The Passover Lamb typology is central: "You shall not break any of its bones" (Exodus 12:46)
C. Jesus is presented as both Lamb of God and Son of God (John 1:29-34)
D. William Cowper, who struggled with severe depression and guilt, expressed this in There Is a Fountain Filled with Blood: sinners plunged beneath that flood lose all their guilty stains
A. Joseph of Arimathea, a secret disciple and member of the Sanhedrin, honorably requested Jesus' body from Pilate
B. Nicodemus — last seen coming to Jesus by night (John 3) — came openly, bringing approximately 75 pounds of myrrh and aloes
C. The burial takes place on the Sabbath — a Great, High Sabbath — and this is theologically significant
D. Christ as the Last Adam fulfills the creation mandate
Scripture: John 19:17-30
Scripture: John 19:17-30
A. Crucifixion was universally regarded as the most brutal and degrading form of execution
B. Jesus suffered the fullest humiliation
C. The Scriptures were fulfilled in his suffering
D. Golgotha itself — the place of the skull — dramatized the ugliness of sin and the depths to which the Son of God descended
A. Distinction between Christ's active and passive obedience
B. Even in the agony of the cross, Christ remained actively obedient to the law
C. Christ as the true fulfillment of the Isaac typology (Genesis 22)
D. No one took Christ's life — he laid it down of his own accord
A. Pilate's inscription — Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews — proclaimed unwittingly by an enemy of Christ
B. The final word: tetelestai — It is finished (John 19:30)
C. Call to contemplation
Scripture: Judges 8:4-35
Scripture: Judges 8:4-35
A. Gideon and his 300 exhausted men request bread from Succoth and Penuel while pursuing Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian
B. This refusal mirrors Israel's treatment by the Moabites and Ammonites in the wilderness
C. Tribal factionalism is beginning to emerge as a recurring theme in Judges
D. Hospitality to the people of God is a consistent biblical obligation
A. The rejection of Succoth and Penuel is not merely personal disloyalty to Gideon but rejection of the Lord who appointed him
B. This principle carries into the New Testament
C. At the close of chapter 8, Israel fails to show steadfast love to the family of Gideon (Judges 8:35)
D. Faithful leaders are forgotten by their people but never forgotten by God
A. The people offer Gideon the kingship and he refuses the title, but his actions reveal a contradiction (Judges 8:22-23)
B. Five ways Gideon acts like an ancient Near Eastern king while denying the title
C. The ephod becomes an idol and a snare (Judges 8:27)
D. Gideon joins a long line of leaders who began humbly but did not end well
E. Christ is the true and faithful Judge and King Israel needed — and we need
Scripture: John 18:38-19:16
Scripture: John 18:38–19:16
A. Pilate presents Barabbas alongside Jesus, hoping the crowd will choose to release Jesus rather than a notorious criminal
B. Barabbas illustrates the substitutionary nature of the cross
A. Pilate has Jesus flogged, hoping to satisfy the crowd's bloodlust and secure Jesus's release
B. Why does God allow this cruelty before the crucifixion?
A. Pilate brings Jesus out and declares "Behold the man" — intending to show the crowd a pitiful, harmless figure, yet unwittingly echoing John the Baptist's proclamation of the Lamb of God (John 1:29)
B. The charge of blasphemy — that Jesus made himself the Son of God — unsettles Pilate in the context of Greco-Roman belief in gods appearing in human form
C. The chief priests play their final trump card: "If you release this man, you are not Caesar's friend"
D. Pilate represents all fallen humanity — every person is caught between two worlds when Christ comes to the door
Scripture: Judges 7
Scripture: Judges 7:1–8:3
A. Gideon amasses an army of 32,000 against the vast Midianite host, described as locusts in abundance
C. The army is reduced to 300 men through two tests
D. This hidden weakness is pervasive since the Fall
E. The Lord uses hard seasons to expose our hidden weakness and draw us back to himself
A. The Lord does not merely expose weakness — he provides for it (Judges 7:9–15)
B. The Lord confirms his word through a surprising source
C. The lesson is not to seek confirming words from unbelievers, but to recognize that God provides his people with his Word
D. Paul's thorn in the flesh illustrates the same principle
A. The 300 defeat the Midianite army through trumpets and torches (Judges 7:16–22)
B. The tribe of Ephraim joins late, captures the waters of the Jordan, and kills the two princes Oreb and Zeeb (Judges 7:24–25)
C. Weakness reappears in a surprising form: tribal pride and jealousy (Judges 8:1–3)
D. Gideon's humble response illustrates the spiritual program needed among God's people
E. The church today faces the same weakness of pride and disunity
F. Christ is the perfect example and foundation of the spiritual program of humility
Scripture: Judges 6
Scripture: Judges 6
A. Israel's oppression under Midian is described using the image of locusts (v. 5) — a devastating picture for an agrarian society, consuming everything in their path
B. Gideon beats wheat in the winepress in secret to hide it from the Midianites (v. 11), illustrating the depth of Israel's fear and subjugation
C. Brief history of Midian
D. Sin produces a grand reversal — the land meant to flow with milk and honey is desolate; enemies once defeated return with greater intensity
A. Gideon comes from the weakest clan of Manasseh and is the least in his father's house (Judges 6:15)
B. Gideon's weakness is displayed through his repeated need for signs
C. Gideon's accusation in verse 13 — blaming God for Israel's situation without acknowledging Israel's idolatry — echoes the grumblers in the wilderness
D. Yet Gideon appears in the Hall of Faith (Hebrews 11:32), alongside Barack and others whose faith was weak and halting
A. The "might" of Gideon rests entirely in God's presence with him — not in untapped human potential (vv. 14, 16)
B. The Spirit of the Lord clothed Gideon (v. 34), transforming him from a fearful man working in secret to one publicly sounding the trumpet to muster an army
C. The conflict is not merely military but spiritual — a battle of Yahweh against Baal
D. Though the work is entirely God's by the power of the Spirit, it is nonetheless Gideon who is commended — God does not treat humans as programmed machines (hyper-Calvinism)
Scripture: John 18:28-40
Scripture: John 18:28-40
A. John uses irony to highlight both the guilt of Jesus's accusers and His innocence
B. The Jewish authorities' declaration that it is unlawful for them to put anyone to death fulfills Jesus's own words about the manner of His death
C. Jesus's refusal to resist arrest reflects His submission to the Father's cup of wrath
D. The holy God's Kingdom cannot take up residence on earth without His holy justice being satisfied — the sacrifice is necessary
A. Pilate's question "Are you the King of the Jews?" requires nuance — Jesus responds by asking what Pilate means by "king" (John 18:33-34)
B. Jesus declares twice: "My kingdom is not of this world" (John 18:36)
C. The kingdom of God owes nothing to the powers of this world
D. Satan's temptation in the wilderness was a suzerainty-treaty offer — kingdoms of this world in exchange for Christ's loyalty (Matthew 4:8-9)
E. The cross is simultaneously a defeat of sin and death and a defeat of the kingdoms of this world
A. Jesus declares His purpose: to bear witness to the truth, and those who are of the truth listen to His voice (John 18:37)
B. Pilate's question "What is truth?" is deeply ironic
C. Historical illustration: Walter Mill (1558), an 82-year-old man burned at the stake in Scotland for denying the Mass as a sacrifice
D. Augustine in The City of God distinguished two cities — those who live according to man and those who live according to God
E. The servants of the kingdom hold to a truth that derives its authority from no earthly power
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