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Scripture: Ecclesiastes 4
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 4
A. The problem of oppressors and the oppressed (Ecclesiastes 4:1–3)
B. The twin vices of envy and greed (Ecclesiastes 4:4–8)
A. Two are better than one (Ecclesiastes 4:9–12)
B. Better is a handful with quietness (Ecclesiastes 4:6)
C. The caution of fickle multitudes (Ecclesiastes 4:13–16)
D. How this selfless community is possible
Scripture: John 3:31-36
Scripture: John 3:31-36
A. Christ comes from above and is above all; he bears witness to heavenly truth in a way no earthly emissary can
B. Christ's revelation is preeminent over all prior revelation
C. Proper hermeneutics requires reading the Old Testament through a christocentric lens
A. The tension between "no one receives his testimony" (v. 32) and "whoever receives his testimony" (v. 33) is resolved by the new birth
B. Receiving the testimony means setting one's seal that God is true (v. 33)
C. John 3:36 — belief is equated with obedience; faith in the gospel is a divine command, not merely a suggestion
A. The Father's love for the Son is expressed through the Spirit poured out without measure on the Son
B. Our salvation flows first from the Father's love for the Son, not directly from his love for us
C. The goal of salvation is to be brought into the joy the Father has always had in the Son
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 3
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 3
A. The list of seasons covers every aspect of human life — work, leisure, relationships, speech, politics, and possessions — leaving nothing untouched by time
B. Living wisely means recognizing and responding rightly to the season you are in
C. The seasons define us; how we respond to their objective reality reveals who we are
A. God has placed eternity in the human heart, yet man cannot know what God has done from beginning to end (Ecclesiastes 3:11)
B. The parallel with Romans 7: the soul longs for eternity but is bound to a body destined for dust
C. Rather than fearing time, we fear God, who is sovereign over time
D. "He has made everything beautiful in its time" (Ecclesiastes 3:11) — beauty is perceived from the author's vantage point, not from within the dark chapter
A. Solomon observes wickedness even in places of justice and righteousness
B. Two different responses to injustice are contrasted within Solomon himself
C. The progression mirrors Job's journey from initial trust, to bitterness, to renewed God-centered perspective
D. The call is not passive indifference but righteous indignation
A. Man and beast share the same end under the sun — both return to the dust (Genesis 3:19)
B. "Who can bring him to see what will be after him?" (Ecclesiastes 3:22) — no one under the sun can pierce the veil of death
C. Jesus Christ is the supreme example of living rightly through every season
D. Christ now pours out his Spirit so that we may live above the sun with him
Scripture: John 3:22-30
Scripture: John 3:22-30
A. John's response to his jealous disciples grounds humility in divine providence
B. Verse 27: "A person cannot receive even one thing unless it is given him from heaven"
C. Application: What is God giving or taking away in this season of your life to cause Christ to increase?
A. Verse 28: John appeals to what he had already declared — "I am not the Christ, but I have been sent before him"
B. The theme of remembrance runs throughout Scripture
C. Warning against neglecting God's word
D. Application: Do not neglect corporate worship, personal reading, prayer, and meditation on Scripture
A. Verses 29-30: John uses the image of the bridegroom and the friend of the bridegroom
B. The bride imagery draws on the Old Testament
C. John says, "This joy of mine is now complete"
D. The paradox of Christian joy
E. Application: The secret ingredient to humility is not primarily what you do (as Benjamin Franklin discovered) but who you know — knowing Jesus Christ is the fullness of joy, producing true humility, true peace, and willingness to sacrifice all for his increase
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 2:12-26
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 2:12-26
A. Solomon plays an experiment: he tests wisdom in a world "under the sun" — as if no sovereign God were in control
B. Wisdom has obvious benefits — it is better than folly as light is better than darkness (Ecclesiastes 2:13-14)
C. The root problem: seeking Godlike wisdom
A. The toil of a lifetime must be left to another after death — who may be a fool (Ecclesiastes 2:18-21)
B. The portrait of the workaholic (Ecclesiastes 2:22-23)
C. Work as God turns a person inward and isolates them from others
A. Solomon's positive conclusion: enjoyment in toil is a gift from God's hand (Ecclesiastes 2:24-25)
B. God gives wisdom, knowledge, and joy to the one who pleases him (Ecclesiastes 2:26)
C. Joy in wisdom and work is inseparable from community and companionship
D. The ultimate answer to the despair of life under the sun is Jesus Christ
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 1:12-2:11
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 1:12–2:11
A. The passage is part of the larger unified fabric of Ecclesiastes, which instructs in wisdom that works backward from death and is informed by faith
A. The preacher's program (Ecclesiastes 1:13)
B. The preacher's perspective (Ecclesiastes 1:14)
C. The problem is God-given (Ecclesiastes 1:13, 15)
D. The God-given nature of this problem is meant to surprise and reassure
A. The pursuit to possess wisdom proves gainless (Ecclesiastes 1:16-18)
B. The pursuit to possess pleasure proves gainless (Ecclesiastes 2:1-10)
C. The verdict (Ecclesiastes 2:11)
A. The answer is not to dismiss gifts or live in ineffectiveness
B. Christ is the answer
C. David Gibson: "There is no gain to be had under the sun — and that's precisely the point. None need be sought. The striving doesn't even need to happen, because, believer, you already have all that you need in Christ."
Scripture: John3:1-15
Scripture: John 3:1-15
A. The crowds at Jerusalem saw Jesus's signs and believed superficially, but Jesus did not entrust himself to them because he knew what was in man (John 2:23-24)
B. Nicodemus represents those who see Jesus's signs and respect him as a teacher sent from God, but have not yet seen the kingdom of God in Christ (John 3:2-3)
C. Only a supernatural, Spirit-wrought new birth enables a person to see the kingdom of God (John 3:3)
D. The wind analogy: the Spirit's work is sovereign and mysterious, known by its effects, not controlled or predicted by man (John 3:8)
A. The exchange between Jesus and Nicodemus is fundamentally about understanding the Old Testament scriptures (John 3:5-10)
B. Nicodemus as an Old Testament expert should have recognized the Spirit-and-water theme running through the prophets
C. The serpent in the wilderness foreshadows Christ lifted up on the cross (Numbers 21; John 3:14)
D. The distinction between inspiration and illumination is key
A. Jesus alone brings heavenly truth because he alone descended from heaven (John 3:13)
B. The Spirit's work is inseparably tied to Christ lifted up on the cross (John 3:14-15)
C. The pouring out of the Spirit flows from the death, resurrection, and ascension of Christ
D. Practical exhortations
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 1
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 1:1–11
A. The phrase "under the sun" situates mankind in a fallen world marked by death, disease, and decay
A. "Under the sun" conveys not only place but time — the sun marks seasons, days, and years (Genesis 1:14)
A. Ecclesiastes 1:4–11 answers the question of verse 3: there is no gain in all our toil under the sun
Scripture: Ecclesiastes 1:1-18
A. The author is the Preacher (Qohelet), most naturally identified as Solomon — son of David, King over all Israel in Jerusalem
B. Solomon's wisdom was unparalleled
C. Ecclesiastes is likely written late in Solomon's life, after his personal fall
D. The preacher covers wisdom for every facet of life: wisdom itself, work and labor, wealth, relationships, and the changing seasons of life
E. The source of all wisdom is one Shepherd — Ecclesiastes 12:11
A. The key word of the book: hebel — vapor or mist — Ecclesiastes 1:2
B. The preacher writes from near the end of life, looking back on everything pursued — wisdom, folly, pleasure, labor — and sees the transitory nature of it all
C. Death as the lens for wisdom — David Gibson, Living Life Backward
D. Death is the great equalizer — rich and poor, those who enjoyed every pleasure and those who enjoyed none, all will die; what does the end say about the beginning and the middle?
A. Faith is the heart of the book — without it, Ecclesiastes would be cold, miserable philosophy; death is the lens but faith is the atmosphere
B. The epilogue of the book — Ecclesiastes 12:13-14 — is not a later addition but the culmination of the preacher's whole argument
C. Fear of God must come first
D. The chief end of man is to glorify God and enjoy him forever (Westminster Shorter Catechism, Q. 1)
E. The refrain of joy appears three times in Ecclesiastes — Ecclesiastes 2:24-26, 5:18-20, 8:15
F. The hope of Ecclesiastes: joy is possible in the midst of a fallen world when sought rightly, in the right things, from the right source
G. By faith, death is our lens now — but there will come a day when it falls to the rearview mirror — 1 Corinthians 15:54-57
Scripture: Matthew 7: 24-29
Scripture: Matthew 7:24-29
A. A wise builder digs down to bedrock, not building on the deceptively hard surface of sand
B. It is not enough to nod in agreement with Christ's teaching — we must actively apply it
C. Bunyan's character Talkative in Pilgrim's Progress illustrates self-deception: saying and doing are different things
A. Jesus does not contrast general rockiness with general sandiness — there is one definite Rock, not just any bedrock
B. The Rock is Christ, as confessed in Peter's declaration in Matthew 16
C. Proper confession is not vague but rooted in the full canon of Scripture and redemptive history
D. Corporate liturgy and reciting the Psalms are practices that orient hearts away from self and into the story of God centered on Christ
A. The scribes customarily quoted earlier scribes; Jesus broke with this tradition by saying "But I say to you" — claiming divine authority directly
B. Matthew says the crowds were astonished — a word used in the New Testament almost exclusively for encounters with the majesty of God
C. The crowds are astonished not by a miracle but by Christ's teaching alone
D. Luke 24:32 — on the Emmaus Road, the disciples' hearts burned within them as Christ opened the Scriptures and showed how all of it points to him
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