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Scripture: John 1:6-13
Scripture: John 1:6-13
A. John the Baptist was a prophet sent by God to prepare Israel for the Messiah, primarily through a ministry of repentance
B. The key word describing John's role is witness — a legal/courtroom term denoting testimony
C. John stands in the line of all Old Testament prophets as a witness to Christ
D. Application: Covenant theology in its most basic form is this — God reveals himself by means of covenant, and what he reveals is Jesus Christ the mediator
A. Throughout John's Gospel, true does not contrast false with true so much as partial with full — the fullness of God's revelation versus a partial revelation
B. This fullness of revelation extends to everyone — not only Jew but also Gentile, to the ends of the earth
C. Illustration: Augustine spent his life climbing intellectual ladders searching for truth, meaning, and pure reason
D. Application: Christ is our hermeneutic — the interpretive grid through which we filter everything in this world
A. Verses 10–11 highlight the devastatingly depraved state of fallen mankind: the world did not know its maker, and even Israel rejected her Messiah
B. The great conjunction of verse 12 — but — introduces the remnant who receive Christ and believe in his name
C. Saving faith is not produced by human means (John 1:13)
D. Calvin: "Faith is not a bare or cold knowledge, since no man can believe who has not been renewed by the Holy Spirit"
E. The Reformers distinguished intellectual assent from fiducia (trust/dependence)
F. Closing application: Who is Jesus Christ to you?
Scripture: John 1:1-5
Scripture: John 1:1-5
A. John opens with "in the beginning," deliberately echoing Genesis 1:1, but points back before creation to the eternal Son who was the Word — already existing with God and as God
B. Logos (Word) carried meaning in Greco-Roman philosophy (wisdom, reason, creative principle), but John grounds the concept in the Hebrew Scriptures
C. The Son has always been the Father's divine self-expression to mankind
A. The Son is the original Creator (John 1:3)
B. The Son is also the Sustainer of all he created (John 1:4)
C. Calvin's insight: because the Son is the source of all original creation life, we should expect him to be the source of redemptive, salvific life as well
A. In John 1:4, John narrows from the macro picture of all creation to the image bearer — man
B. This light has been darkened through sin
C. John 1:5 — the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not comprehended it (preferring the NASB rendering over the ESV)
Scripture: Matthew 6:19-24
Scripture: Matthew 6:19-24
A. Jesus uses the language of investment — what are you investing your life, resources, and time in?
B. Earthly treasures are fleeting — moth, rust, and thieves illustrate their impermanence
C. Two planes of investment
D. Where your treasure is, there your heart will be also (Matthew 6:21)
A. The eye and the heart are interchangeable concepts in Hebrew thought — where the heart is, the eye will focus
B. The word for healthy (Greek: haplous) conveys simplicity and generosity — illustrated by the widow's two coins
C. The word for bad (Greek: poneros) conveys evil expressed through jealousy and envy
D. Hendrickson: Inordinate yearning for earthly treasure obscures the spiritual eye and darkens the whole inner life
E. Remedy: Turn to the light of Christ, which drowns out the darkness of envy and covetousness
A. The word mammon (trusted thing) frames the contrast as two kinds of faith — two different objects of trust
B. The word master conveys something that lords over you — an idol that may lie dormant but, when it calls, commands everything
C. A master demands service at any time — what you drop everything for is your true master
D. Application and Gospel call
Scripture: John 20:30-31
Scripture: John 20:30-31
A. John's Gospel uniquely organizes Jesus's miracles as seven signs in the first eleven chapters (the "Book of Signs")
B. Signs are not ends in themselves; they function as arrows pointing beyond the miracle to Christ
C. The seven signs are interwoven with the seven "I Am" statements of Jesus
D. God's aseity (from the Latin a se, "of himself") — God is pure, self-existent being; all creation is derivative and points beyond itself to him
A. The Greek word pistis (faith/belief) appears 98 times in John — more than in all three Synoptic Gospels combined
B. John presents a "vertical" contrast (heavenly sphere vs. worldly sphere) rather than the Synoptics' "horizontal" contrast (present age vs. age to come)
C. Eternal life in John is a present reality received through faith, not only a future hope
D. The "already and not yet" — John emphasizes the "already" of the Kingdom; the Synoptics emphasize the "not yet"
A. No other biblical book provides as robust and clear a picture of the Trinity as John does
B. The Synoptics emphasize Jesus's role in redemptive history (son of David, last Adam, promised Messiah); John emphasizes his eternal divine identity — John 1:1, John 1:18
C. John holds together both the unity and distinction of the persons
D. The doctrine of perichoresis — the mutual indwelling of the three persons of the Trinity
E. Believers are invited into the Triune communion through the Spirit
Scripture: Psalm 42:1-5
A. Context: A psalm of the sons of Korah, Temple keepers and singers
A. The core desire: to appear before the Living God — Psalm 42:2
A. Love for corporate worship is the essence of holiness for both Old and New Covenant believers
A. This psalm ultimately reveals Christ — the supreme worshiper whose food was to do the will of his heavenly Father
A. The psalmist's inscripturated grief is a call to examine our own hearts toward corporate worship
Scripture: Ephesians 3:14-19
A. Paul's prayer follows from the soaring declarations of Ephesians 1–2 — God's redeeming work in Christ, adoption, the gift of the Spirit, salvation by grace through faith
A. Strengthened through the Spirit in the inner being (Ephesians 3:16)
B. So that Christ may dwell in our hearts through faith (Ephesians 3:17)
C. Strengthened to know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge (Ephesians 3:17-19a)
A. That we may be filled with all the fullness of God (Ephesians 3:19)
B. The goal of spiritual growth is to reflect Jesus — his love for God and people, his holy life, the fruit of the Spirit, his self-sacrificial love even for enemies
C. The key insight of the prayer: Paul does not simply ask for power to do good actions, but for power to know Jesus and his love, which then produces growth and love for others
D. Application: We are easily consumed by news cycles, fears, debates, and problems — when did we last stop and meditate on the love of Jesus Christ that we do not deserve?
Scripture: Matthew 6:16-18
Scripture: Matthew 6:16-18
A. Fasting reorients our whole self — body and soul — away from temporal concerns and toward eternal things.
B. Matthew 5:6 — Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied — points to the primary purpose of fasting: hungering for righteousness.
C. James 1:22-25 warns against hearing the word without doing it, like a man who looks in a mirror and forgets what he looks like — fasting keeps eternity before our eyes so we do not forget who we are in Christ.
D. Matthew 6:33 — Seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness — fasting is a means by which our hearts beat for that kingdom which is not of this world.
A. Jesus says when you fast, not if — there is a clear expectation that his disciples will fast (Matthew 6:16).
B. Luke 5:33-35 — Jesus explains that his disciples will fast when the bridegroom is taken away; we are living in those days, in the time between Christ's first and second Advent.
C. The example of Mephibosheth in 2 Samuel 19 — he did not trim his beard or wash his clothes while King David was gone; likewise, we fast while our King is absent.
D. Herman Bavinck's The Philosophy of Revelation is referenced: every worldview has an eschatology, but only the Christian eschatology is concrete, resting at the right hand of God the Father.
E. Fasting cultivates the waiting posture of the Christian — enabling us to say with the early church, Maranatha, come quickly, Lord Jesus.
A. Jesus instructs his disciples to fast in secret — not to disfigure their faces like the hypocrites — so that their fasting is seen by the Father alone, who rewards in secret (Matthew 6:17-18).
B. This mirrors Jesus's earlier teaching on prayer (addressed the previous week): go into your room, shut the door, and pray to your Father in secret (Matthew 6:6).
C. The illustration of Saving Private Ryan: Captain Miller refuses to describe his wife and her rose bushes, saying he has kept that memory just for himself — to share it would cheapen it.
D. The reward of fasting is not praise from others but the Father himself — union and communion with the Father, in the Son, by the Spirit.
E. Practical encouragement: if fasting is not yet part of your Christian life, start small — skip a meal and devote that time to prayer.
Scripture: 2 Samuel 23:8-39
Scripture: 2 Samuel 23:8-39
A. The top three Mighty Men: Josheb-basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shammah
B. The key refrain: "The Lord worked a great victory" (2 Samuel 23:10, 12)
C. The Christian life is a call to fight
D. Application: Do you fight, or is your Christian life only active when natural inclinations and schedule align with it? The absence of struggle and enmity with evil is cause for concern.
A. Three of the Thirty break through the Philistine camp to bring David water from the well of Bethlehem
B. David pours the water out as an offering to the Lord rather than drinking it
C. Paul consistently says "I thank God for you" — never merely "I thank you" — recognizing that the body is a gift from the head
D. Application: Do not live as an isolationist Christian
A. The list of Mighty Men — connected to David's success and the davidic covenant — ends with Uriah the Hittite
B. Uriah appears again in the genealogy of Jesus in Matthew 1:6
C. Christ is the ultimate Mighty Man and Mighty King
D. Application: Come to the Lord's Table in the strength of your Mighty King
Scripture: 2 Samuel 23:1-7
Scripture: 2 Samuel 23:1-7
A. David's oracle uses agrarian imagery to describe the Messianic King's reign
B. The righteous rule of the Messianic King — not the sun or rain alone — is the true source of joy and abundance
C. Christ fulfills all three harvest festivals
A. 2 Samuel 23:5 — the Everlasting Covenant points back to the Davidic Covenant of 2 Samuel 7
B. The Davidic Covenant finds its fulfillment in Christ's resurrection and ascension
C. Application: when self is on the throne, life fills with thorns and thistles — disorder and insecurity; only Christ's reign brings order, Shalom, and security
A. 2 Samuel 23:6-7 — worthless men (Hebrew: Belial — "without value") are like thorns that must be removed with iron tools and burned
B. Westminster Shorter Catechism Q. 26 — Christ executes his kingly office by subduing us to himself, ruling and defending us, and restraining and conquering all his and our enemies
C. Assurance for believers today
D. Application: you are precious to your King; one day Christ will cast all enemies into the Lake of Fire and you will know fully how precious you have always been to him — seek first his kingdom and righteous rule
Scripture: Matthew 6:5-15
Scripture: Matthew 6:5-15
A. Two wrong customs frame the right one (Matthew 6:5-7)
B. The right custom: prayer in the secret place (Matthew 6:6)
A. The core of prayer: your Father knows what you need before you ask him (Matthew 6:8)
A. The Lord's Prayer as a model of theological prayer (Matthew 6:9-15)
B. Theological truths embedded in the prayer
C. Application: Do your prayers reflect your theology?
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