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Scripture: Romans 4:13-25
Scripture: Romans 4:13-25
A. The law of God brings wrath (Romans 4:15)
B. God is not a pushover; his law cannot go unpunished
C. The first step toward right standing is recognizing our wrong standing
A. Abraham is the model of saving faith (Romans 4:16-21)
B. Abraham's faith was faith in the promise of resurrection life
C. Saving faith is born out of respectful desperation, not disrespectful presumption
A. Abraham's faith was counted as righteousness (Romans 4:22-25)
B. Christ was delivered up for our trespasses and raised for our justification (Romans 4:25)
C. The empty tomb is the seal and confirmation of our justification
D. Conclusion: Are you right with God?
Scripture: Daniel 9:20-27
Scripture: Daniel 9:20-27
Scripture: Daniel 9:1-19
Scripture: Daniel 9:1-19
A. Daniel prays because he has been reading the prophetic word
B. The essence of prayer is calling on God to make good on his promises — praying according to what is "agreeable to his will" (Westminster Shorter Catechism Q. 98)
C. Christ himself prays this way
A. Confession of sin is all-comprehensive
B. The surprising "we" — Daniel includes himself
C. The corporate dimension of personal confession
A. Daniel is jealous for the glory of God
B. True prayer is soli Deo gloria centered, not ministry-centered, pragmatic, or moralistic
C. Daniel's assurance of pardon is bound up in the righteousness of God
D. Application: take hold of the promises of God in Christ
Scripture: Nehemiah 8:1-8; Ezek 37:4-6; 2 Tim 4:1-2
Scripture: Nehemiah 8:1–8; Ezekiel 37:4–6; 2 Timothy 4:1–2
A. The Levites in Nehemiah 8 "gave the sense" — they read clearly with interpretation, giving understanding of what was written
B. The Spirit is the true teacher; the preacher is the instrument
C. Distinction between inspiration and illumination
D. The fruit of Spirit-taught preaching is joy
A. Preaching is more than lecture; it is announcement and declaration that demands a response
B. Throughout Acts, the apostles "proclaim Christ," always intending a response of repentance and faith
C. Weekly preaching serves the same orienting function that Israel's liturgical calendar served
A. The language of 2 Timothy 4:2 — reprove, rebuke, exhort — mirrors the language of 2 Timothy 3:16–17
B. 1 Thessalonians 2:13 — the congregation received Paul's preaching "not as the word of men but as it really is, the word of God, which is at work in you believers"
C. Preaching includes evangelical threatenings — gospel warnings directed even to believers
D. Preaching also disciplines the self-condemning believer
Scripture: Daniel 8
Scripture: Daniel 8
A. The ram with two horns represents the Medo-Persian Empire, as identified by the angel in Daniel 8:20.
B. The goat represents Greece, as identified by the angel in Daniel 8:21.
C. The little horn emerging from one of the four horns (Daniel 8:9) is widely identified as Antiochus IV Epiphanes of the Seleucid Empire.
D. The angelic host has a vested interest in the welfare of the saints.
A. The vision depicts the desecration of Jerusalem and the temple by Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
B. The 2,300 evenings and mornings (Daniel 8:14) mark a definite but limited period of suffering with an appointed end.
C. Calvin's insight: forewarning of suffering becomes a comfort and solace, preventing the faithful from sliding into despair.
D. Antiochus died not in battle or by assassination but by illness in 164 BC, fulfilling Daniel 8:25 — "he shall be broken, but by no human hand."
E. Daniel, in exile and longing for restoration, sees the temple and land restored — but in the context of defilement and slaughter.
A. Transgression is identified in Daniel 8:12 and 8:23 as the root cause of these judgments.
B. Hellenism had infiltrated Judaism prior to Antiochus's atrocities.
C. The book of Malachi (c. 450 BC) ends the Old Testament canon with the temple restored and the people in the land, yet with a corrupt priesthood (Malachi 1:10).
D. Christ comes as the true remedy for the transgression Israel could never permanently solve.
E. The greatest beast is not the external enemy but the beast of sin within.
F. Call to self-examination: are you focused on threats from without while sin rages within?
Scripture: 2 Kings 22:3-13, 23:21-25, John 16:13-14
Scripture: 2 Kings 22:3-13, 2 Kings 23:24-25, John 16:13-14
A. This sermon begins a series on the ordinary means of grace — the Word, the sacraments, and prayer (Westminster Shorter Catechism, Q. 88)
A. The narrative of King Josiah (2 Kings 22:3-13)
B. The book is found and read aloud to King Josiah
C. The result of Josiah's belief (2 Kings 23:24-25)
D. Augustine's conversion in the garden (Confessions)
E. Application: How do you read the Scriptures?
A. The question raised by Josiah's response: how can reading a dusty book produce such evident heart reformation?
B. The Spirit works through the Word as it is read (John 16:13-14)
C. Caution: the means do not work automatically
D. The Spirit as tour guide and field guide
E. Application: Come to the Word with humility
Scripture: Acts 2:41–47
A. The word ordinary suggests something normal, plain, or unexciting — the opposite of what we naturally crave
B. The key word in Acts 2:42 is devoted — meaning persistence, steadfastness, strength
C. What happens when the church abandons the ordinary for the extraordinary?
A. The means of grace are distinguished from God's decrees
B. The means of grace are varied channels through which the one Word of God is brought to bear on our hearts
C. The Reformers navigated between two errors
D. The variety of means produces well-rounded, mature Christians
A. The ordinary means communicate God's grace — he condescends to be with his sinful people through them
B. Illustration: the gracious host
C. Warning: the bad dinner guest
Scripture: Daniel 7:15-28
Scripture: Daniel 7:15-28
A. Daniel is alarmed by the vision of the fourth beast and seeks its interpretation
B. The fourth beast is best understood as the Roman Empire
C. The little horn points to the rise of the Caesars
D. The little horn wears out the saints for "a time, times, and half a time" — a short-lived, suddenly halted rule
E. There is also a not yet reality — the little horn points beyond Caesar to the final Antichrist
A. The saints of the Most High receive and possess the kingdom forever, forever and ever (Daniel 7:18)
B. The kingdom given to the Son of Man is also given to the saints, showing the tight union between the King and his people
C. The already reality of judgment — the New Testament presents judgment as a present reality, not only a future one
D. The not yet reality of the kingdom's consummation
Scripture: Daniel 7:1-14
Scripture: Daniel 7:1-14
A. Apocalyptic prophecy as a genre conveys two primary things:
B. The four beasts emerge from the great sea — a symbol of chaos and destruction in the ancient world
C. The first beast: a lion with eagle's wings — the Babylonian Empire, ferocious and swift
D. The second beast: a bear with three ribs in its mouth — the Medo-Persian Empire, a devouring power
E. The third beast: a leopard with four wings and four heads — the Macedonian Empire under Alexander the Great, swift to conquer the known world
F. The fourth beast: exceedingly terrifying with iron teeth and ten horns — the Roman Empire
G. Application: Daniel prepares God's people not to expect things to get better but to recognize the beastly nature of fallen man in power
A. A sudden shift in the vision: the Ancient of Days takes his seat
B. The books are opened: God the true judge has been keeping account of all the actions of these kingdoms
C. As the fourth beast makes its proud boasts, Daniel is caught up to see the heavenly courtroom — the true judge who destroys the beast and burns it with fire
D. The purpose of apocalyptic prophecy illustrated: it shows the scene behind what is seen
A. Daniel beholds one like a Son of Man — a human figure in stark contrast to the nightmarish beasts
B. The Son of Man is also divine: he comes with the clouds of heaven, a consistent theophanic symbol in Scripture
C. The Son of Man is presented before the Ancient of Days in a scene of coronation
D. This coronation is a present reality: Christ now rules at the right hand of the Father
E. Application: live not by sight but by faith that looks beyond the veil
Scripture: James 5:19-20
Scripture: James 5:19-20
A. James closes his epistle abruptly, calling the church to restore wandering members — echoing the shepherd who leaves the 99 to find the one lost sheep
B. The Greek of James 5:19-20 is intentionally ambiguous, allowing the blessings of covering sins and saving from death to apply to the corrector as well as the corrected
C. Failing to correct a wandering brother or sister is a sin of omission
D. The pattern for church discipline begins with individual members, not elders — Matthew 18:15-20
A. The effectiveness of correction is inseparable from the depth of relationship between corrector and corrected
B. Before correcting, ask: Have I invested in this person? Have I built trust?
C. We need one another because we cannot clearly see our own sin — nor always see the good God is working in us
A. The stakes of verse 20 are eternal — to bring back a wandering sinner is to save a soul from death
B. "Cover a multitude of sins" does not merely mean the wanderer has many sins — it means sin spreads like gangrene when left unchecked
C. Correction blesses onlookers as well as the one corrected
D. Closing exhortation: love one another's eternal souls — encourage in the ditch of false condemnation, correct in the ditch of willful sin — so that together we may share in the eternal blessings of Christ our great Shepherd who finds us and brings us all the way home
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