Notable Nobels

This episode covers the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Gerhard Domagk. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Domagk the award “for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil.” Topics include the process Domagk used to discover prontosil, the fashion industry’s largest dye company, and Adolf Hitler.

This episode covers the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Niels Ryberg Finsen. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Finsen the award “in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science.” Topics include Finsen’s use of phototherapy to cure skin infections, whether or not UV light can be used to fight coronavirus, and I use a Star Wars analogy to explain how photodynamic therapy kills cancer cells.

This episode covers the 1928 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Charles Jules Henri Nicolle. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Nicolle the award “for his work on typhus”. Topics include some history of typhus epidemics, the work Nicolle did to show lice transmit typhus, and the unusual biology of Rickettsia prowazekii, the bacterium that causes typhus.

This episode covers the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Johannes Fibiger. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Fibiger the award “for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma”. This Nobel Prize has been called one of the biggest blunders made by the Karolinska Institute. Topics include Fibiger’s discovery of a roundworm he claimed caused cancer, how that claim was later shown to be false, and the importance of reproducibility in science.

This episode covers the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Marshall and Warren the prize “for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease”. Topics include the symptoms associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, Marshall deliberately infecting himself with the bacterium, and current treatments for H. pylori infections. 

This episode covers the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Robert Koch. The Nobel Assembly chose to give Koch the award “for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis”. Koch's key contribution was the development of a set of criteria for experimentally proving that a particular microorganism causes disease. These criteria are known as Koch’s Postulates. Topics include discussion of each of the postulates, Koch's application of the postulates to tuberculosis, and some cases where the postulates break down. 

This episode covers the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran. The Nobel Assembly chose to give Laveran the award “in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases". The protozoa that Laveran is most known for is the malaria parasite. Topics include Laveran’s identification of the parasite that causes malaria, a description of the life cycle of the malaria parasite, and some of the current challenges in malaria vaccine development.

This episode covers the second Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Sir Ronald Ross in 1902. The Nobel Assembly chose to give Ross the award “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it.” Topics include a bit about malaria disease, the work Ross did to prove mosquitos spread malaria, and using genetically modified mosquitoes to control mosquito populations. 

Welcome! This first episode covers the very first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Emil von Behring in 1901. The Nobel Assembly chose to give Behring the first award "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria”. Topics include how Behring used serum therapy to treat diphtheria, how serum therapy is currently being used in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, and humanized cows.