Overview of inflammatory, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases involving the choroid.

Screening, staging, and treatment of ROP with emphasis on early detection and intervention.

Retinal vein and artery occlusions, and other non-systemic vascular pathologies.

Retinal manifestations of systemic vascular conditions including hypertension and systemic inflammatory disease.

Classification, screening, and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.

Pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of AMD and other CNV-related conditions.

Core concepts in phototransduction, visual processing, and functional testing including visual fields and electrophysiology.

Systematic approach to posterior segment disease using history, exam findings, and key imaging modalities.

High-yield review of retinal and vitreous anatomy, including layers, blood supply, and structural relationships essential for understanding disease.

Overview of laser and incisional procedures including trabeculectomy, tube shunts, and MIGS. Focus on indications, complications, and postoperative management.