One Minute Halacha Program With Rav Ari

1)When you say the words על מזוזות ביתך ובשעריך, and you forget if you just finished the paragraph of ואהבת or והיה אם שמוע (since they both include that פסוק), What is the הלכה?🤔🤨

2)If you’re davening alone, you have to assume you just finished ואהבת, so you should start from והיה אם שמוע, but if you catch yourself saying the word למען, you should pick up from למען ירבו (in והיה), because that’s what you were probably up to. 🙇‍♂️🤷‍♂️

3)When davening with a minyan, you can assume that the ציבור is up to והיה, because for example you’ll realize the חזן finished אהבה רבה around 2 minutes ago, so you should pick up from למען ירבו. 🎤🫡🗣️

1)Need proper כוונה for the first פסוק of קריאת שמע, you must go back and repeat it, as it is מעכב to your חיוב of קריאת שמע.🔂🙇‍♂️

2) What is “proper כוונה”? The שולחן ערוך explains

When you say the words “שמע ישראל”, you should have in mind that you’re announcing to כלל ישראל and that they should listen to what you’re about to say.

When you say יקוק, you have to have in mind not just its pronunciation, but the way it’s spelled and what the letters represent

‎ה׳ היה הווה ויהיה״” - Hashem will be, Hashem is, and Hashem was.

When you say אלקנו, You should have in mind that ה׳ is in control of everything and can do anything

When you say יקוק, you have the same כוונה as the first time.

And when you say אחד, you have to have in mind that ה׳ is the one and only real existence ☝️1️⃣

1)When one davens without a מנין, he says א-ל מלך נאמן, when one davens with a מנין, he does not say א-ל מלך נאמן Why?

2) The reason is because if you count the words of שמע, you’ll count 245 words. You want to make sure to say 248 words כנגד the 248 limbs in the body 💪🦵. So that’s why when you don’t have a מנין, you’ll add א-ל מלך נאמן to reach 248.

3) What about with a מנין? We’re worried that if one says א-ל מלך נאמן, it’ll be a הפסיק between אהבה רבה and קריאת שמע, so that’s why the חזן adds ה׳ אלוקכם אמת in addition to saying it to himself to allow us to reach 248. 🧔‍♂️🎤

1) You NEED to have כוונה when you are saying קריאת שמע ❌🥱

‎2) שולחן ערוך says that you have to be יוצא בשפתיו וישמיע לאוזניו = words have to leave your lips (even a whisper) + have to be able to hear them 🗣️➕👂

- If you can’t hear them you are still יוצא as long as pronounce them

3) Need to be מדקדק (careful) with the letters and their pronunciation ⚠️

1) Review: ברכות are not מעכב to קריאת שמע itself and are a seperate חיוב ❌🤞

2) So if you say the ברכות out of order you don’t need to go back and you filled your חיוב 🚫🔄

1) We learn from the משנה ברורה that the ברכות of קריאת שמע are not מעקב to fulfilling your חיוב of קריאת שמע. So you can technically fulfill the מצוה of קריאת שמע without saying the ברכות of קריאת שמע 🫡👍‼️

2) This is practical for example when it comes שבת morning and סוף זמן קריאת שמע is at 8:30, and your מנין is also at 8:30, meaning you’d need to say שמע before davening. So in this case, it’s practical that the ברכות aren’t מעקב to your fulfillment of קריאת שמע, and what you’d do is say שמע alone without the ברכות, in order to fulfill קריאת שמע בזמנה🙏👨🏻⏳

3) So what happens when the מנין gets up to קריאת שמע (after the זמן had already passed)? You’d say the ברכות as normal and fulfill your חיוב of ברכות קריאת שמע, and then say שמע with the ציבור, because after all שמע is תורה, and there’s nothing wrong with just reading some תורה ‼️📖

‎1) שולחן ערוך says that EVERYONE agrees that the end of the זמן of קריאת שמע is שלש שעות

Which is 3 hours into the HALACHIC day(1/4 of the HALACHIC day)

🤝🔚⏰

2) This is the time when the princes and בני מלכים would get up (they were the late risers, so that’s why that’s when the זמן ends.)🤴🫅

3) Although everyone agrees that the זמן ends in the 3rd HALACHIC hour, the גר״א and מגן אברהם have different שיטות as to when the 3rd hour is. So the הלכה למעשה is that it’s better to do like the מגן אברהם (earlier זמן). But we do follow the גר״א, so if the זמן of the מגן אברהם passed, don’t even worry but make sure to catch the זמן of the גר״א‼️🥱

1) Our HALACHIC hours are called שעות זמניות ⏰⌛️. They aren’t like hours in the secular world which are 60 minutes 🌎, rather we divide the daylight into 12 different pieces which is called a halachic hour ➗🌞( it is sometimes more and sometimes less than 60 minutes)

2) We have 2 main שיטות- The גר״א holds that the 12 hour period starts from נץ החמה and ends at שקיעה. (Sunrise to sunset) 🌅➡️🌆. The מגן אברהם holds the 12 hour time period is from עלות השחר (dawn) until צאת הכוכבים.

3) What we see from this is the זמנים of the גר״א will ALWAYS be later then the זמנים of the מגן אברהם, and the מגן אברהם will be m

‎1) עלות השחר is usually בדיעבד but it becomes לכתחילה when you have no other options because of work, flights, other אונסים 😕⏰➡️😁⏰

- Ex. Someone who leaves to work in the morning during the winter might already be working before the זמן of מי שיכיר, so עלות השחר becomes לכתחילה 👨‍💼❄️

2) You should say קריאת שמע as close to נץ החמה as possible and shouldn’t delay for no reason, even after the זמן passes 🌅

1) The reason for מי שיכיר (time that you can recognize someone you are familiar with 4 אמות away 🕴🏻🚶🏻 (approx 50 min before נץ/earliest time for קריאת שמע לכתחילה)) is based on the פסוק IN שמע of ״ובשכבך ובקומך״ because that’s time that people wake up according to the שולחן ערוך😇🙌☀️

‎2) מצוה מן המובחר aka extra שכר 🤑💸- the most ideal time to say קריאת שמע is right before נץ to be סומך גאולה לתפילה - Daven שמונה עשרה with the נץ minyan 🙏

‎3) בדיעבד the earliest time to say קריאת שמע is from עלות השחר 🌅 - should only be done in a time of need ‼️And only be done once a month 1️⃣