1) Review: ברכות are not מעכב to קריאת שמע itself and are a seperate חיוב ❌🤞

2) So if you say the ברכות out of order you don’t need to go back and you filled your חיוב 🚫🔄

1) We learn from the משנה ברורה that the ברכות of קריאת שמע are not מעקב to fulfilling your חיוב of קריאת שמע. So you can technically fulfill the מצוה of קריאת שמע without saying the ברכות of קריאת שמע 🫡👍‼️

2) This is practical for example when it comes שבת morning and סוף זמן קריאת שמע is at 8:30, and your מנין is also at 8:30, meaning you’d need to say שמע before davening. So in this case, it’s practical that the ברכות aren’t מעקב to your fulfillment of קריאת שמע, and what you’d do is say שמע alone without the ברכות, in order to fulfill קריאת שמע בזמנה🙏👨🏻⏳

3) So what happens when the מנין gets up to קריאת שמע (after the זמן had already passed)? You’d say the ברכות as normal and fulfill your חיוב of ברכות קריאת שמע, and then say שמע with the ציבור, because after all שמע is תורה, and there’s nothing wrong with just reading some תורה ‼️📖

‎1) שולחן ערוך says that EVERYONE agrees that the end of the זמן of קריאת שמע is שלש שעות

Which is 3 hours into the HALACHIC day(1/4 of the HALACHIC day)

🤝🔚⏰

2) This is the time when the princes and בני מלכים would get up (they were the late risers, so that’s why that’s when the זמן ends.)🤴🫅

3) Although everyone agrees that the זמן ends in the 3rd HALACHIC hour, the גר״א and מגן אברהם have different שיטות as to when the 3rd hour is. So the הלכה למעשה is that it’s better to do like the מגן אברהם (earlier זמן). But we do follow the גר״א, so if the זמן of the מגן אברהם passed, don’t even worry but make sure to catch the זמן of the גר״א‼️🥱

1) Our HALACHIC hours are called שעות זמניות ⏰⌛️. They aren’t like hours in the secular world which are 60 minutes 🌎, rather we divide the daylight into 12 different pieces which is called a halachic hour ➗🌞( it is sometimes more and sometimes less than 60 minutes)

2) We have 2 main שיטות- The גר״א holds that the 12 hour period starts from נץ החמה and ends at שקיעה. (Sunrise to sunset) 🌅➡️🌆. The מגן אברהם holds the 12 hour time period is from עלות השחר (dawn) until צאת הכוכבים.

3) What we see from this is the זמנים of the גר״א will ALWAYS be later then the זמנים of the מגן אברהם, and the מגן אברהם will be m

‎1) עלות השחר is usually בדיעבד but it becomes לכתחילה when you have no other options because of work, flights, other אונסים 😕⏰➡️😁⏰

- Ex. Someone who leaves to work in the morning during the winter might already be working before the זמן of מי שיכיר, so עלות השחר becomes לכתחילה 👨‍💼❄️

2) You should say קריאת שמע as close to נץ החמה as possible and shouldn’t delay for no reason, even after the זמן passes 🌅

1) The reason for מי שיכיר (time that you can recognize someone you are familiar with 4 אמות away 🕴🏻🚶🏻 (approx 50 min before נץ/earliest time for קריאת שמע לכתחילה)) is based on the פסוק IN שמע of ״ובשכבך ובקומך״ because that’s time that people wake up according to the שולחן ערוך😇🙌☀️

‎2) מצוה מן המובחר aka extra שכר 🤑💸- the most ideal time to say קריאת שמע is right before נץ to be סומך גאולה לתפילה - Daven שמונה עשרה with the נץ minyan 🙏

‎3) בדיעבד the earliest time to say קריאת שמע is from עלות השחר 🌅 - should only be done in a time of need ‼️And only be done once a month 1️⃣

Main 3 זמנים in the AM: 3️⃣🕒

*First:* Dawn - עמוד השחר/עלות השחר

- Approx. 72 minutes before sunrise 🌄

*Second:* מי שיכיר‎‎ - time when you can recognize someone you are familiar with 4 amos away 🕵️‍♂️

- not someone you know well as you could recognize them from further

*Third:* Sunrise - נץ החמה 🌅

- most ideal time to daven שמונה עשרה 😇

1) The chazan has to say ברכו loud enough that at least 10 people can hear and answer him (just like any other דבר שבקדושה) 📢 🔟

2) If you don’t hear the chazan say ברכו but you hear the קהל say “ברוך ה המברך לעולם ועד”, you’re allowed to answer with the ציבור 👂

-If you only hear the chazan repeat “ברוך ה המברך לעולם ועד”, then all you need to do is answer אמן 👑

1) The עיקר of פסוקי דזמרא is the section beginning with אשרי through the rest of the הללוקהs 🙌🏻

-anyone who says אשרי three🥉times a day is guaranteed Olam Haba

2) When we get to the words “פותח את ידך” we have to have kavana that Hashem is the one who gives us everything we have 🫲🏻🫱🏻

-if you run through the words “פותח את ידך” without kavana 🧠, you have to go back and continue to the end of אשרי 🔙

1) Some people pronounce “יתגדל ויתקדש” as “Yisga-deil VYiska-deish” and others as “Yisga-dal VYiska-dash” 💬

-The reason is because some say the words are in Hebrew and others say its in Aramaic

-Most people say “Yisga-dal VYiska-dash” 😎

2) חצי קדיש is up until “דאמירן בעלמא ואמרו אמן”

-Its used to seperate between two parts of Tefillah or to start a new part of Tefillah ➗