Ostensiblings

Sources for this episode:

* Wikipedia: Great Pyramid of Giza (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza)

* History: The Great Pyramid took about 20 years to build (http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/how-long-did-it-take-to-build-the-great-pyramid)

* The labor force was primarily skilled workers

* Harvard Magazine: Who built the pyramids? (https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2003/07/who-built-the-pyramids-html)

* PBS NOVA: Who built the pyramids? (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/who-built-the-pyramids.html)

* The Guardian: Great pyramid tombs unearth 'proof' workers were not slaves (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/11/great-pyramid-tombs-slaves-egypt)

* What did these people eat?

* Live Science: Giza secret revealed: How 10,000 pyramid builders got fed (https://www.livescience.com/28961-ancient-giza-pyramid-builders-camp-unearthed.html)

* Smithsonian Magazine: The beer archaeologist (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-beer-archaeologist-17016372/?no-ist=&page=2)

* National Geographic: The pyramid builders (http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/11/01/html/ft_20011101.5.fulltext.html)

* The Earth Pyramid (http://www.earthpyramid.org)

* Nature: Discovery of a big void in Khufu's pyramid by observation of cosmic-ray muons (https://www.nature.com/articles/nature24647)

* How did they actually build the pyramids?

* Newsweek: Who built ancient Egypt's Great Pyramid? Hidden text holds clues to thousand-year-old mystery (http://www.newsweek.com/who-built-ancient-egypts-great-pyramid-hidden-text-holds-clues-thousand-year-670265)

* How secure were the tombs?

* PBS NOVA: Missing tombs of the pharaohs (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/missing-tombs-pharaohs.html)

Some links and sources from the episode:

* If you know you're receiving a placebo, it still works (https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/placebo-can-work-even-know-placebo-201607079926)

* The nocebo effect is like the placebo effect's evil twin (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1187870/)

* In fact, it may have been implicated in the death of a lot of Hmong people (https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2011/09/the-dark-side-of-the-placebo-effect-when-intense-belief-kills/245065/)

* A nice visualization of things that aren't placebos compared to those that are

* Classical conditioning and the placebo effect (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9272794)

* You can even condition your immune system (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3504052/)

Some links from the episode:

* The Alexander mosaic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Mosaic)

* Clinical lycanthropy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_lycanthropy)

* Hirsutism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsutism)

* The Art of Manliness: a history of shaving (http://www.artofmanliness.com/2012/06/07/shaving-rituals/)

* Lightening hair with lemon juice (https://www.self.com/story/how-to-lighten-hair-with-lemon-juice)

Some links from the episode:

* The marshmallow studies:

* Original study: Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification (http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fh0032198)

* Follow-up: Delay of gratification in children (http://science.sciencemag.org/content/244/4907/933)

* The effect of a delay between choice and consumption on consumption enjoyment (http://science.sciencemag.org/content/244/4907/933)

* The psychological cost of waiting (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022249685900203)

* Psychological expected utility theory and anticipatory feelings (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.318.8235&rep=rep1&type=pdf)

* Why self-discipline is overrated: The (troubling) theory and practice of control from within (https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20493585.pdf)

* Delaying gratification depends on social trust (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3685794/pdf/fpsyg-04-00355.pdf)

* Vagal tone and children's delay of gratification (http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797616640269)

* On smartphones:

* Mobile technology habits: Patterns of association among device usage, intertemporal preference, impulse control, and reward sensitivity (https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2Fs13423-016-1011-z.pdf)

* Using longitudinal exposure to causally link smartphone usage to changes in behavior, cognition, and right prefrontal neural activity (http://www.sciencedirect.com.udel.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S1935861X15004568)

* Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse