This week we delve into cardiovascular surgery when we review a recent report from the Congenital Surgeons' Society on the outcomes of the hybrid approach of pulmonary artery bands for treatment of infants with critical left heart obstructive disease. What risk factors are associated with worse outcomes? Does this approach confer an advantage in comparison to the traditional 'stage I/Norwood' approach to this problem? Does the presence of multiple risk factors worsen outcomes and if so, to what degree? How does the heterogeneity of indications for this approach to obstructive left heart lesions stymie efforts to study this intervention?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.07.020

Editorial Comment :

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.023