Yr Hen Iaith

Pennod 28 - ‘Bawddyn!’: Ymrysonau’r Cywyddwyr


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Er mwyn dyfnhau’n dealltwriaeth o waith ‘Beirdd yr Uchelwyr’ neu’r Cywyddwyr, edrychwn yn y bennod hon ar rai o’u hymrysonau.
Wrth ystyried cywyddau yr oedd beirdd yn eu cyfnewid, rydym ni’n archwilio cysylltiadau posib rhwng y farddoniaeth hon a chyd-destunau cymdeithasol coll. Mae’n debyg bod beirdd yn ymrysona am wahanol resymau yn y cyfnod – er mwyn cystadlu am nawdd, er mwyn sefydlu neu gadarnhau enw da, er mwyn trafod agweddau ar eu crefft (a dadlau yn eu cylch!), ac er mwyn hwyl neu adloniant – ond mae’n rhaid i ni ddefnyddio’n dychymyg (ac ychydig o theory anthropolegol!) er mwyn deall y berthynas rhwng y cerddi rhyfeddol hyn a’r cyd-destun(au) a roes fod iddynt. Trafodwn gwestiwn hynod ddiddorol arall hefyd: pam bod bardd yn galw enwau mor hyll ar ei wrthwynebydd, a hynny mewn trafodaeth am bynciau dyrchafedig fel ffynhonnell yr awen a phriod waith y bardd?
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‘Shit-man!’: Bardic Debates of the Cywyddwyr
In order to deepen our understanding of the work of ‘The Poets of the Uchelwyr’ or the Cywyddwyr, we look at their ymrysonau or bardic debates in this episode.
While considering poems exchanged by bards, we examine possible connections between this poetry and lost social contexts. It’s likely that bards engaged in an ymryson for various reasons during the period in question – in order to compete for patronage, in order to establish or confirm one’s reputation, in order to discuss aspects of their art (and argue about them!), and for the sake of fun or entertainment – but we must use our imagination (and some anthropological theory!) in order to understand the relationship between this amazing poems and the context(s) which gave birth to them. We also discuss another very interesting question: why does a poet call his opponent such nasty names, and do so in a discussion about refined topics such as the source of poetic inspiration and the proper function of a poet?
Cyflwynwyd gan: Yr Athro Jerry Hunter a'r Athro Richard Wyn Jones
Cynhyrchwyd gan: Richard Martin
Cerddoriaeth: Might Have Done gan The Molenes
Dilynwch ni ar Trydar: http://www.twitter.com/YrHenIaith
neu YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@yrheniaith
Tanysgrifwch yn eich hoff ap podlediadau neu ar YouTube i derbyn y pennod nesaf ar cyhoeddiad.
Darllen pellach / further reading:
- https://dafyddapgwilym.net/cym/3win.php
- Dylan Foster Evans (ed.), Gwaith Rhys Goch Eryri (2007)
- Ann Matonis, ‘Barddoneg a Rhai Ymrysonau Barddol Cymraeg yr Oesoedd Canol Diweddar’, Ysgrifau Beirniadol 12 (1982).
- Morgan Davies, “ ‘Aed i’r coed i dorri cof’: Dafydd ap Gwilym and the Metapoetics of Carpentry”, Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 30 (Gaeaf, 1995).
- Jerry Hunter, “Cyd-destunoli Ymrysonau’r Cywyddwyr: Cipolwg ar yr ‘Ysbarddiad Barddol’)”, Dwned 3 (1997) a Bleddyn Huws ac A. Cynfael Lake (goln.), Genres y Cywydd (2016).
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