Yr Hen Iaith

Pennod 29 - Gwin, Arch a Diwedd Oes: Guto’r Glyn


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Trafodwn un o feirdd Cymraeg pwsicaf y 15fed ganrif yn y bennod hon. Cafodd Guto’r Glyn oes hir, ac yntau wed’i eni ychydig o flynddoedd ar ôl diwedd gwrthryfel Glyndŵr ac wedi marw rai blynyddoedd ar ôl i Harri Tudur gipio coron Lloegr yn 1485. Roedd yn filwr proffesiynol ar adegau hefyd, ac agweddau ar ei waith yn dangos mor gyfarwydd ydoedd â rhyfela’r oes.
Yn arbenigo ar y cywydd mawl, mae dros gant o’i gerddi wedi goroesi, ac mae’r corff mawr hwn o farddoniaeth yn ffynhonnell bwysig iawn er mwyn deall y traddodiad barddol ar ddiwedd y cyfnod canoloesol. Er na chanodd am serch a natur fel llawer o’r cywyddwyr eraill, roedd ei ganu mawl yn amrywio’n fawr ac yn gallu bod yn ddyfeisgar iawn. Disgrifia un o’i gerddi frwydr rhwng y beirdd a gwin yn llys eu noddwr, wrth iddyn nhw fynd ati am y gorau i wagio seleri’r uchelwr. Trafodwn ei farwnad ddwy i fardd arall, Llywelyn ab y Moel, a chywydd a ganodd Guto ddiwedd ei oes, cerdd ryfeddol sy’n dangos y bardd fel hen ŵr yn aflonyddu ar y mynaich a oedd yn gofalu amdano.
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Wine, a Coffin and the End of Life
In this episode we discuss one of the most important Welsh poets of the 15th century. Guto’r Glyn had a long life, being born a few years after the end of Owain Glyndŵr’s rebellion and dying some years after Henry Tudor won the crown of England. Guto was a professional soldier at times as well, and aspects of his work show how familiar he was with warfare of the age.
Specializing in praise poetry cast in the cywydd metre, more than one hundred of his poems have survived, and this large body of work is an important source for understanding the bardic tradition in the later Middle Ages. Although he didn’t compose about love and nature as did many of the other cywydd poets, his praise poetry varies greatly and can be extremely inventive. One of his poems describes a battle between the bards and the wine of their patron, as they attempt to empty his cellars. We also discuss his powerful elegy to another poet, Llywelyn ab y Moel, and a cywydd which Guto sung towards the end of his life, a remarkable poem which portrays the bard as an old man troubling the monks caring for him.
Cyflwynwyd gan: Yr Athro Jerry Hunter a'r Athro Richard Wyn Jones
Cynhyrchwyd gan: Richard Martin
Cerddoriaeth: Might Have Done gan The Molenes
Dilynwch ni ar Trydar: www.twitter.com/YrHenIaith
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Tanysgrifwch yn eich hoff ap podlediadau neu ar YouTube i derbyn y pennod nesaf ar cyhoeddiad.
Darllen pellach / further reading:
- Guto’r Glyn.net: http://www.gutorglyn.net/gutorglyn/index/
- Saunders Lewis, ‘Gyrfa Filwrol Guto’r Glyn’, yn Ysgrifau Beirniadol IX (1976)
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