Yr Hen Iaith

Pennod 31 - Yr Eisteddfodau Cynharaf ac Addysg y Beirdd


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Dyma bennod fyw arbennig a recordiwyd ym Mhabell Lên Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Llŷn ac Eifionydd, a pha beth gwell i’w drafod ar y maes ym Moduan na hanes yr eisteddfodau cynharaf?!
A yw’n bosib gweld ‘Gwledd Arbenning’ a gynhaliwyd gan yr Arglwydd Rhys yn Aberteifi yn 1176 fel yr eisteddfod gyntaf a gofnodwyd? Ac wrth drafod eisteddfod a gynhaliwyd tua chanol y 15fed ganrif, rydym ni’n archwilio’r cysylltiad rhwng yr eisteddfodau cynnar hyn a’r modd yr oedd dysg y beirdd yn cael ei thraddodi, ei diogelu a’i rheoli. Beth yw arwyddocâd y ‘gramadegau barddol’ sydd wedi goroesi mewn llawysgrifau, a beth yw hanes y term rhyfedd hwnnw, ‘dwned’, sy’n cael ei ddefnyddio i ddisgrifio testun o’r fath weithiau?
Gyda golwg ar gyfres nesaf y podlediad – a fydd yn craffu ar lenyddiaeth Gymraeg yr 16fed ganrif – trafodwn yr eisteddfodau a gynhaliwyd yng Nghaerwys yn yn ystod y ganrif honno a’r ddogfen ddiddorol honno a gysylltir ag Eisteddfod gyntaf Caerwys, ‘Statud Gruffudd ap Cynan.’ Nodwn ei bod yn bosib weld yr holl reoleiddio hwn mewn dwy ffordd hollol wahanol – fel arwydd o gryfder, yn cadarnhau statws a phwysigrwydd yr hen gyfundrefn farddol Gymraeg, neu fel arwydd o wendid, gan fod ffynonellau nawdd yn crebachu yn ystod cyfnod y Tuduriaid. Ac beth fyddai beirdd Cymraeg yr 21fed ganrif yn meddwl am y modd y mae’r ‘Statud’ yn gwahardd beirdd rhag mynychu tafarndai?!
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The Earliest Eisteddfodau and Bardic Education
Here’s a special live episode recorded in the Literature tent of the Llŷn and Eifionydd National Eisteddfod, and what better subject to discuss on the Maes in Boduan than the earliest eisteddfodau?
Is it possible to see the ‘Special Feast’ held by Lord Rhys in Cardigan in 1176 as the first eisteddfod ever recorded? And while discussing an eisteddfod held about the middle of the 15th century we consider the connection between these early eisteddfodau and the way in which bardic learning was transmitted, safeguarded and controlled. What is the significance of the ‘bardic grammars’ which have survived in manuscripts, and what is the history of that strange term, dwned, used sometimes to describe these kinds of texts?
With an eye to the next series of the podcast – which will examine Welsh literature from the 16th century – we discuss the eisteddfodau held in Caerwys during that century and that interesting document, ‘The Statue of Gruffudd ap Cynan’, which is connected with the Caerwys Eisteddfodau. We note that it’s possible to see all of this regulation in two very different ways – as an indication of strength, confirming the status and importance of the old Welsh bardic order, or as a sign of weakness, as sources of patronage were diminishing during the age of the Tudors. And what would 21st-century Welsh poets think about the way in which the ‘Statute’ prohibits bards from frequenting taverns?!
Cyflwynwyd gan: Yr Athro Jerry Hunter a'r Athro Richard Wyn Jones
Cynhyrchwyd gan: Richard Martin
Cerddoriaeth: Might Have Done gan The Molenes
Dilynwch ni ar Trydar: http://www.twitter.com/YrHenIaith
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Tanysgrifwch yn eich hoff ap podlediadau neu ar YouTube i derbyn y pennod nesaf ar cyhoeddiad.
Darllen pellach / further reading:
- Gwyn Thomas, Eisteddfodau Caerwys (1968).
- G. J. Williams ac E. J. Jones (goln.), Gramadegau’r Penceirddiaid (1934).
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