Mae’r bennod hon yn cyflwyno pwnc a fydd yn ganolog i’r penodau nesaf hefyd, sef dyneiddiaeth yr unfed ganrif ar bymtheg. Gan fod gwrthryfel Glyndŵr wedi methu, nid oedd gan Gymru brifysgolion yn y cyfnod ac felly bu’n rhaid i’r Cymry breintieidig a oedd â digon o foddion i gael addysg prifysgol fentro y tu hwnt i ffiniau’u gwlad enedigol. Eglurwn ystyr y termau ‘dyneiddiaeth’ a’r ‘Dadeni Dysg’ (a nodi nad oedd neb yn eu defnyddio yn y cyfnod dan sylw!).

Er bod llawer o ddyneiddwyr ar draws Ewrop yn canolbwyntio ar ‘aileni’ cyfoeth yr hen ieithoedd clasurol (Lladin a Groeg), esgorodd dyneiddiaeth ar duedd ieithyddol arall – un sydd o’r pwys mwyaf o safbwynt hanes y Gymraeg, sef awydd i fireinio’r Hen Iaith a sicrhau’i bod hi’n gyfrwng sy’n addas er mwyn trafod a throsglwyddo dysg o bob math.

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Welsh Humanism

This episode presents a subject which will be central to the next episodes as well – sixteenth-century humanism. Because Glyndŵr’s rebellion failed, Wales did not have its own universities at the time, and so the privileged Welshmen with enough resources to attain a university education had to travel beyond the borders of their native country. We explain the terms ‘humanism’ and the ‘Renaissance’ (and note that nobody used the Welsh equivalents of them in the period we’re discussing!).

Although many humanists across Europe concentrated on ‘the rebirth’ of the wealth of classical languages (Latin and Greek), humanism gave rise to another linguistic tendency – one which is of the greatest importance from the point of view of the history of Welsh, namely a desire to perfect the Old Language and ensure that it is a medium fit for discussing and transmitting learning of every kind.

Cyflwynwyd gan: Yr Athro Jerry Hunter a'r Athro Richard Wyn Jones

Cynhyrchwyd gan: Richard Martin

Cerddoriaeth: Might Have Done gan The Molenes

Darllen Pellach / Further Reading:

- Branwen Jarvis, ‘Welsh Humanist Learning’ in R. Geraint Gruffydd (gol.), A guide to Welsh literature c.1530-1700 (1976)

Gw. hefyd y gyfres o erthyglau cydymaith a gyhoeddir ar gyfer ‘Yr Hen Iaith’ yn Nation.Cymru (See also the series of companion articles published for ‘Yr Hen Iaith’ in Nation.Cymru).