Yr Hen Iaith

Pennod 48 - Coblyn o Ddadl: Ymryson Edmwnd Prys a Wiliam Cynwal


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Yr ymryson a gynhelid rhwng Edmwnd Prys a Wiliam Cynwal yn y 1580au yw’r ddadl farddol hwyaf yn holl hanes yr iaith Gymraeg. Mae’n cynnwys 53 o gywyddau a thros 4,000 o linellau, a marwolaeth yr hen fardd Wiliam Cynwal yw’r unig beth a ddaeth â’r ymrafael i ben. Trafodwn yr ymryson rhyfeddol hwn yn y bennod hon, gan egluro’r dechrau cyn craffu ar hanfod y ddadl.
Roedd Edmwnd Prys wedi derbyn ei addysg yng Nghaergrawnt a Wiliam Cynwal yn fardd traddodiadol a raddiodd mewn eisteddfod, a gwelwn fod dau fath o ddysg yn ymrafael, y naill yn newydd a’r llall yn hen. Mae’n bosib ei gweld fel dadl ynghylch dyfodol barddoniaeth Gymraeg. Ond, er gwaethaf y pynciau esoterig a’r themâu diwylliannol sy’n gwau trwy’r cerddi ymryson hyn, mae’r ddau yn ymosod yn bersonol ar adegau hefyd, wrth i Edmwnd Prys alw Wiliam Cynwal yn hen a’r bardd yntau’n ensynio bod Prys yn dew.
One Heck of an Argument: The Bardic Debate between Edmwnd Prys and Wiliam Cynwal
The ymryson held between Edmwnd Prys and Wiliam Cynwal in the 1580s is the longest bardic debate in the entire history of the Welsh language. It contains 53 poems in the strict-metre cywydd form and more than 4,000 lines, and it was only the death of the old bard Wiliam Cynwl which brought the contention to an end. We discuss this amazing ymryson in this episode, explaining its origin before examining the essence of the argument.
Edmwnd Prys received his education in Cambridge while Wiliam Cynwal was a traditional bard who graduated in an eisteddfod, and we see that two kind of learning are contending, one new and the other old. It’s possible to see this as a struggle over the future of Welsh poetry. Yet despite the esoteric subjects and cultural themes woven through these debate poems, the two also engage in personal insults at times, with Edmwnd Prys calling Wiliam Cynwal old and the bard suggesting that Prys is fat.
Cyflwynwyd gan: Yr Athro Jerry Hunter a'r Athro Richard Wyn Jones
Cynhyrchwyd gan: Richard Martin
Cerddoriaeth: 'Might Have Done' gan The Molenes
Darllen Pellach / Further Reading:
- Gruffydd Aled Williams (gol.), Ymryson Edmwnd Prys a Wiliam Cynwal (1986)
- Gw. hefyd yr ysgrif berthnasol yn Nation.Cymru
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