Yr Hen Iaith

Pennod 6 - Manawydan a Seiliau Cymdeithas


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Trafodwn Drydedd Gainc y Mabinogi yn y bennod hon, chwedl ‘Manawydan fab Llŷr’, stori sy’n wrthbwynt i’r ceinciau eraill ac sydd â gwrthgyferbyniadau trawiadol mewnol. Yn hytrach na brwydrau mawr epig a champau arwrol, yr hyn a gawn yn y stori hon yw myfyrdodau ynghylch seiliau cymdeithas a hanfod gwareiddiad.
Mae’r testun hwn yn hollbwysig hefyd er mwyn deall mai cyfanwaith yw Pedair Cainc y Mabinogi. Yn dilyn y rhyfel apocalyptaidd a ddaw ar ddiwedd yr Ail Gainc, rydym ni’n dilyn dau o’r goroeswyr, Pryderi a Manawydan. Pan ddaw’r hud ar Ddyfed, rhaid i’r ddau gyfaill a’u gwragedd, Cigfa a Rhiannon, ddysgu byw o’r newydd, yn gyntaf trwy hela, ac wedyn trwy arddel crefftau, ac yn y diwedd trwy amaethu. Yn groes i Pryderi sydd wastad am dynnu’i gleddyf a datrys problemau yn yr hen ffordd dreisgar, mae Manawydan yn ennill yn y diwedd trwy ymbwyllo, osgoi tywallt gwaed a dilyn y gyfraith. Nid cryfder allanol sy’n gwneud Manawydan yn arwr, ond ei ddoethineb a’i gryfder mewnol.
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We discuss the Third Branch of the Mabinogi in this episode, the tale of ‘Manawydan son of Llŷr’, a counterpoint to the other branches and a story with striking internal contrasts. Instead of big epic battles and heroic feats, this tale presents meditations on the foundations of society and the essence of civilization.
It is also essential for understanding that the Four Branches of the Mabinogi form a coherent whole. Following the apocalyptical war at the end of the Second Branch, we follow two of the survivors, Pryderi a Manawydan. When an enchantment falls on Dyfed, the two friends and their wives, Cigfa and Rhiannon, must learn to live anew, first by hunting, then by working as craftsmen, and, in the end by farming. Unlike Pryderi who always wants to draw his sword and solve problems in the old violent way, Manawydan wins in the end by reasoning, avoiding bloodshed and following the law. It is not external strength which makes Manawydan a hero, but rather his wisdom and his internal strength.
Cyflwynwyd gan: Yr Athro Jerry Hunter a'r Athro Richard Wyn Jones
Cynhyrchwyd gan: Richard Martin
Cerddoriaeth: Might Have Done gan The Molenes
Dilynwch ni ar Trydar: http://www.twitter.com/YrHenIaith
Tanysgrifwch yn eich hoff ap podlediadau neu ar YouTube i derbyn y pennod nesaf ar cyhoeddiad.
Darllen pellach:
- Ian Hughes (gol.), Manawydan uab Llyr: trydedd gainc y Mabinogi: golygiad newydd ynghyd â nodiadau testunol a geirfa lawn (Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 2007)
- Andrew Welsh, ‘Manawydan fab Llŷr: Wales, England and the “New Man”’, yn C. W. Sullivan III (gol.), The Maginogi [:] A Book of Essays (Routledge, 2016)
- Dafydd Ifans a Rhiannon Ifans, Y Mabinogion[:] Diweddariad (Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 1980)
Further Reading:
- Andrew Welsh, ‘Manawydan fab Llŷr: Wales, England and the “New Man”’, yn C. W. Sullivan III (gol.), The Maginogi [:] A Book of Essays (Routledge, 2016)
- Gwyn Jones and Thomas Jones (translators), The Mabinogion (revised edition, London, 1993)
- Patrick K. Ford, The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales (new edition, 2008)
- Sioned Davies (translator), The Mabinogion (Oxford: OUP, 2008)
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