Yr Hen Iaith

Pennod 75 - ‘Bro coedydd, gelltydd gwylltion’: Dechreuadau Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg America


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Bydd dilynwyr Yr Hen Iaith yn gyfarwydd iawn â’r modd y mae Richard Wyn Jones yn agor pob pennod trwy sôn am ‘hogyn o Ohio’ sy’n dysgu ‘hogyn o sir Fôn’ am hanes llenyddiaeth ei iaith ei hun. Dyma bennod a recordiwyd yn Ohio, a hynny o flaen cynulleidfa fyw fel rhan o gynhadledd NAASWCH eleni.
Gan ein bod ni wedi gorffen y bennod ddiwethaf trwy sôn am ddiwedd oes Goronwy Owen yn Virginia, ailgydiwn yn y stori honno a thrafod yr unig gerdd a gyfansoddwyd gan y bardd enwog o Fôn yn America sydd wedi goroesi. Ond yn gyntaf rydym ni’n trafod y testunau Cymraeg cynharaf a ysgrifennwyd yn America – gan ddechrau â barddoniaeth gan forwyr o Gymru a gyfansoddwyd yn y Caribî. Dyma gyfle i ddysgu ffaith ysgubol: cyhoeddwyd llyfr Cymraeg yng Ngolgedd America dros hanner canrif cyn genedigaeth y wlad newydd honno, yr Unol Daleithiau. Nodwn hefyd nad ffaith yw’r chwedl boblogaidd am y Tywysog Madog, gan wybod yn iawn y bydd y datganiad yn siom i rai pobl.
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‘A Country of forests and wild hills’: The Beginnings of Welsh-language American Literature
Followers of Yr Hen Iaith will be very familiar with the way Richard Wyn Jones opens each episode by saying that ‘a lad from Ohio’ is teaching ‘a lad from Anglesey’ about the literature of his own Language. Here’s an episode that was recorded in Ohio, in front of a live audience as part of this year’s NAAWCH conference.
Since we finished the previous episode by talking about Goronwy Owen in Virginia, we pick up that story again and discuss the only poem which the famous poet from Anglesey composed in America which has survived. But first we discuss the earliest Welsh-language texts written in America – beginning with poetry by sailors from Wales composed in the Caribbean. Here’s an opportunity to learn an astounding fact: a Welsh-language book was published in North America more than half a century before the birth of that new Country, the United States! We also note that the popular legend about Prince Madog is not true, acknowledging that this ‘myth-busting’ will be a disappointment to some people.
Cyflwynwyd gan: Yr Athro Jerry Hunter a'r Athro Richard Wyn Jones
Cynhyrchwyd gan Richard Martin i Cwmni Mimosa Cymru
Cerddoriaeth: 'Might Have Done' gan The Molenes
Darllen Pellach/Further Reading:
- Er mwyn dysgu am NAASWCH: https://www.naaswch.wales/saesneg-home
- Ellis Pugh, Annerich i’r Cymry (Philadelphia, 1721): https://www.library.wales/discover-learn/digital-exhibitions/europeana-rise-of-literacy/expatriate-literature/annerch-ir-cymry-iw-galw-oddiwrth-y-llawer-o-bethau-at-yr-un-peth-angenrheidiol-er-mwyn-cadwedigaeth-eu-heneidiau .
- Jerry Hunter, ‘Y Gymraeg y tu allan i Gymru: Cipolwg ar Lenyddiaeth Gymraeg yr Unol Daleithiau, 1838-65’, yn Angharad Naylor, Llion Pryderi Roberts a Dylan Foster Evans (goln.), Beth yw’r Gymraeg? (Caerdydd, 2023): https://www.uwp.co.uk/app/uploads/9781786839503_WEB-1.pdf .
- Gwyn Alf Williams, Madoc: The Making of a Myth (Rhydychen, 1987)
- Pennod 4: ‘Yr Indiaid Cymreig: Y Cyfaill o’r Hen Wlad a Llên y Madogwys’ yn Jerry Hunter, Llwybrau Cenhedloedd [:] Cyd-destunoli’r Genhadaeth Gymreig i’r Tsalagi (Caerdydd, 2012).
- Jerry Hunter, ‘Myth and Historiography: One Hundred and Sixty Years of Madog and the Madogwys’, yn Kristin A. Cook a Robert Lawson-Peebels (goln.), Writing the Americas, 1480-1826 (rhifyn arbennig: Yearbook of English Studies, 2016).
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