Podcasts by SANGYAN for Public Health Education and FAQs

More info coming soon ...

More info coming soon ...

4 Frequently asked questions about Nutrition and COVID-19

Q36. Are the risks different for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

People of any age with certain underlying medical conditions, including type 2 diabetes, are at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Based on what the CDC is reporting at this time, people with type 1 or gestational diabetes might be at an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19. It's important to remember that people with either type of diabetes can vary in their age, complications they've developed and how well they have been able to manage their diabetes.

Q37. Should I wear a mask when exercising at the gym?

People should NOT wear masks when exercising, as masks may reduce the ability to breathe comfortably. Sweat can make the mask become wet more quickly which makes it difficult to breathe and promotes the growth of microorganisms. The important preventive measure during exercise is to maintain a physical distance of at least one meter from others or do exercises at your home.

Q38. Following delivery, should a baby still be immediately placed skin-to-skin and breastfed if the mother is confirmed/suspected to have COVID-19?

Yes. Immediate and continued skin-to-skin care, including kangaroo mother care, improves thermoregulation of newborns and several other physiological outcomes. The numerous benefits of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding substantially outweigh the potential risks of transmission and illness associated with COVID-19.

Q39. Is it advisable for a mother with confirmed/ suspected COVID-19 who is breastfeeding, to give a 'top-up' with infant formula milk?

No. If a mother is confirmed/suspected to have COVID-19 and is breastfeeding, there is no need to provide a 'top-up' with an infant formula milk. Giving a 'top-up' will reduce the amount of milk produced by a mother.

5 Frequently asked questions about Nutrition and COVID-19

Q31. If a woman is COVID-19 positive or suspected, can she breastfeed her child?

Yes. Women with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 can breastfeed if they wish to do so. They should:

1. Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand rub and especially before touching the baby;
2. Wear a medical mask during any contact with the baby, including while feeding;
3. Sneeze or cough into a tissue. Then dispose of it immediately and wash hands again;
4. Timely clean and disinfect surfaces that mothers have touched.
5. It is important to replace medical masks as soon as they become damp and dispose of them immediately. Masks should not be reused or touched in the front.

Q32. Can COVID-19 infection transmit through the consumption of cooked foods including animal products?

There is currently no evidence that people can catch COVID-19 from food. The virus that causes COVID-19 can be killed at temperatures similar to that of other known viruses and bacteria found in food. Foods such as meat, poultry and eggs should always be thoroughly cooked to at least 70°C. Before cooking, raw animal products should be handled with care to avoid cross-contamination with cooked foods.

Q33. Does adding black pepper in soup and other food prevent us from COVID 19?

No. There is no evidence that adding hot peppers to your food can prevent or cure COVID-19.

Q34. Can eating garlic help us to prevent from COVID-19?

No. There is no evidence that eating garlic has protected people from COVID-19. However, garlic is a food that may have some antimicrobial properties.

Q35. Can omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation help reduce severe complications in Covid-19 patients?

Omega-3 could play a central role in prevention of the cytokine storm, at least maybe by decreasing the intensity of inflammation and risk of mortality for patients with Covid-19. Therefore, the nutritional status for PUFAs is particularly important in tissue inflammatory status and overall immune response.

5 Frequently asked questions about Nutrition and COVID-19

Q26. Many of us have lost jobs during the pandemic. The financial crisis is real. What are some of the affordable foods that one must include in their diet to build a stronger immune system?

• Legumes and Cereals combine to have a good quality protein, e.g. Khichri, Dal roti.
• Sprouted pulses, as they have more bioavailable nutrients, including loads of Vitamin C.
• Local foods, whole grains,and fresh, seasonal, and colourful fruits & vegetables, as they are a powerhouse of vitamins and minerals.
• Spices and condiments, like- turmeric, garlic, ginger.

Q27. I am hearing a lot about the consumption of herbs, condiments and spices during this coronavirus outbreak. There are claims that they boost our immunity. Is that true?

Yes, many herbs, condiments and spices act as immunity boosters. Few of them are: Ginger, Tulsi, Neem, Lemongrass, Turmeric, Garlic, Black pepper, Munakka.

They possess antimicrobial/antiviral activity that helps fight infections. Therefore, one can focus on including them in their daily diets, in various forms, like- tea, deconcotions, chutney, additives, mouth freshener.

Q28. Does Vitamin D really help in lowering the severity of COVID-19 infection? If yes, what are the rich sources?

Yes, the recent studies have found that the adequate stores of Vitamin D in the body is associated with the lowered risk/severity of COVID-19.

But, there are few food sources of Vitamin D:

• Milk and Milk products (fortified with Vitamin D)
• Fatty fish
• Eggs
• Liver

That's why it is recommended to get sunlight exposure (exposure of 18% of the body) for a minimum of 15 minutes per day, between 11 am – 1pm, to ensure adequate stores of Vitamin D in the body.

And, in case, the above is not within the reach of an individual, he/she can always opt for Vitamin D supplements under the medical supervision.

Q29. Is it important for a mother who is confirmed/suspected to have COVID-19 to cleanse her breasts before breastfeeding her baby?

Washing the breasts every time you feed the baby is not necessary. But, if the mother is confirmed/suspected to have COVID-19, and has just coughed/sneezed over her exposed breasts or chest, she should gently clean the breast with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds before feeding the baby.

Q30. When can a mother, diagnosed with COVID-19 and has been unable to breastfeed because she was too sick, can resume breastfeeding?

When a mother feels healthy enough, she can resume breastfeeding. There is no set time period to wait after confirmed/suspected COVID-19. Also, there is no indication that breastfeeding affects the clinical course of COVID-19.

But, to guarantee her full recovery, she should be helped with her general health and diet, and utmost importance should be placed on following good hygienic practices.

5 Frequently asked questions about Nutrition and COVID-19

Q21. How diet and nutrition strengthens the immune system and reduces the Inflammation and Oxidative stress?

An optimal immune response is dependent on an adequate diet and nutrition. Protein intake, for example, is critical for optimal antibody production. Low micronutrient status, such as vitamin A or zinc, is linked to an increased risk of infection. Poor nutrient status can lead to inflammation and oxidative stress, which can cause infection. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals such as carotenoids and polyphenols are dietary constituents with particularly high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity.

Q22. What is the potential role of turmeric in curing COVID-19 infection?

Turmeric has a compound called curcumin. This natural compound has shown beneficial effects on the development of inflammatory diseases. Effects and action mechanisms such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and cytoprotective make a promising target in the adjuvant treatment of COVID-19. More research is going on to study the effects of turmeric in curing the COVID-19 infection. But, till now there is no single "magic pill" for the cure of COVID-19.

Q23. How does the Mediterranean diet help in the prevention of Gestational diabetes during the Covid-19 infection?

Diabetes, a high BMI, high glycated haemoglobin, and elevated serum IL-6 levels have all been linked to poor outcomes in COVID-19 infection. Rising levels of several cytokines, particularly IL-6, are among the immunopathological mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The latter is linked to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and may be useful in predicting the onset of GDM. MedDiet, which is high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, boosts the immune system and may modulate IL-6, C reactive protein, and Nuclear Factor (NF)-B.

Following the MedDiet before and during pregnancy may have a protective effect, lowering GWG and the risk of GDM while also improving immune response to viral infections like COVID-19.

Q24. I have heard about a dietary supplement that claims to prevent COVID-19. Is that true?

No, there is no dietary supplement that can prevent COVID-19. But, dietary supplements can help boost our immunity, and that would help in lowering the risk of COVID-19.

In fact, it is adequate nutrition, that includes foods rich in various micronutrients, that can support the immune system. Also, maintaining a healthy weight, as well as having a healthy lifestyle which includes regular physical activity, safe exposure to sunlight, stress management and adequate amounts of sleep are all important to build up a stronger immune system. And with a stronger immune system, you will be better able to combat this pandemic.

Q25. Is it possible that coronavirus can spread through the groceries/food that we bring home from outside?

No, coronavirus can not spread through the groceries/food that we bring home. Rather, it spreads from an infected person's mouth or nose in the form of invisible droplets suspended in the air, when they sneeze, cough, speak, sing or breathe. Therefore, the focus should be on maintaining social distance, wearing surgical masks and keeping a distance of minimum 6 ft from the infected person or avoiding contact at all.

But, don't forget to follow good food hygiene practices after bringing the groceries/food home, to eliminate the chances of virus transmission through the surface of food or food packaging material.

5 Frequently asked questions about Nutrition and COVID-19

Q16. Do vitamin and mineral supplements prevent COVID-19 or cure those individuals who get COVID-19?

It is believed that micronutrients play a major role in improving the health system and boost immunity. A nutritionally balanced and diversified diet can provide you with micronutrients like fruits, vegetables and animal source foods. But, there is no such guidance till now on micronutrient supplementation in covid-19.

Q17. How can people with hypertension avoid complications during COVID-19 infection?

• KEEP diet low in salt
• EXERCISE regularly – briskly walk or walk at least 30 minutes a day. In situations where it is not possible to walk outdoors, this can be done at home
• QUIT smoking and avoid taking any form of tobacco. Seek help from a health professional if needed
• AVOID harmful use of alcohol
• TAKE prescribed medications for hypertension regularly.

Q18. Which type of foods should be consumed during covid-19 to boost immunity?

It is recommended to consume a variety of foods for a healthy and balanced diet , including whole grains , legumes , nuts , fruits, vegetables and animal sources . there is not any such one type of food which will prevent you against covid-19.

Q19. Is it safe to take out meals and food delivery during covid-19?

According to the CDC , COVID-19 is not likely to be transmitted through food itself . Any risk would more likely come from close contact with the person delivering the food.

Food service establishments and delivery should be following the local health department guidelines on food safety guidelines and regular screening of the employees for COVID-19 symptoms. Nowadays, establishments is now providing food with minimal or no contact with prepaying over phone , food being carried to the car for a pickup, or left at the doorstep.

Q20. Do high blood pressure medications increase the risk of getting COVID-19?

No, these medications do not increase the risk of getting covid-19 or developing any other disease. These antihypertensive medications can lower the risk of death and getting infection of covid-19.

5 Frequently asked questions about Nutrition and COVID-19

Q11. What healthy food practices to be followed at home to minimize the risk of contamination from COVID-19 infection?

• Wash vegetables and fruits before eating.
• Wash, rinse, and disinfect objects and surfaces every time before and after use.
• Keep cooked and raw foods separate, as it would prevent the harmful microbes from raw foods spreading to cooked foods.
• Use different chopping boards and utensils for cooked and raw foods to prevent cross-contamination.
• Use gloves while preparing a meal.
• Frequently disinfect surfaces which came in contact such as door knobs, grocery items etc.

Q12. Do people with diabetes have a higher chance of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19 infection?

People with Diabetes are not more likely to get the virus compared to the general public. However, if they contact COVID-19 infection, people with diabetes are more likely to have serious complications and become seriously ill from COVID-19, than those who do not have diabetes. Hence, follow a healthy diet and exercise, take medications regularly and test sugar levels frequently so as to keep your diabetes under control. When diabetic patients become sick, they may require frequent monitoring of blood glucose and adjustment of drugs including insulin, small frequent meals and adequate fluids.

Q13. Does regular physical activity prevent you from COVID-19?

No, Regular physical activity does not prevent from COVID-19 but it benefits both the body and mind. It can reduce high blood pressure, help manage weight and reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and various cancers – all conditions that can increase risk to COVID-19 infection.

Q14. How to maintain easy, affordable and healthy eating during COVID-19?

• Keep up fruit and vegetable intake rich in plenty of minerals and vitamins including antioxidants which help boost immunity.
• Swap in healthy dried or canned alternatives when fresh produce is not available like (like dried beans, pulses and grains such as lentils or canned beans and chickpeas, which provide an abundance of nutrients)
• Rolled oats cooked with milk or water can serve as an excellent breakfast option, and can be spiced up with yoghurt, chopped fruits or raisins.
• Build up a stock of healthy snacks like nuts, cheese, yoghurt (preferably unsweetened), chopped or dried fruits, boiled eggs, or other locally available healthy options as these foods are nutritious, more filling, and help build healthy eating habits that last a lifetime rather than consuming sweets or salty snacks
• Limit highly processed foods like ready-to-eat meals, packaged snacks and desserts are often high in saturated fat, sugars and salt.

Q15. Is it safe to get vaccination for a breastfeeding mother against COVID-19 infection?

Yes, It is totally safe to get vaccinated. There are not any studies found which claim that it can risk a baby's health or the mother's. There is evidence that after vaccination, antibodies are found in breast milk, which can prevent babies from infection.

5 Frequently asked questions about Nutrition and COVID-19

Q6. What is the role of Nutrition during the management of COVID-19 for Diabetes Mellitus Patients?

Nutritional deficiencies of protein, essential fatty acids and some micronutrients are associated with decreased immune function and increased susceptibility to viral infections including the COVID-19 infection, which can affect severity of infection especially in vulnerable patients like diabetics. Therefore, considering nutritional status of patients and appropriate macronutrient and adequate micronutrients intake is very important in the management of COVID-19 for Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Q7. What are the impacts of consuming Fast food and Alcohol during COVID-19 Lockdown?

During the first COVID-19 lockdown a high prevalence of sleep disorders was reported, which could also be linked to imbalanced dietary patterns. Overeating is directly related to an increased risk of developing obesity and subsequently the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD)and type-2 diabetes mellitus is increased. Alcohol consumption pattern during the lockdown is related to an increased prevalence of negative health outcomes and also negatively influences the quality of life for both the consumer and his/her family members.

Q8. How micronutrient Zinc and Selenium impact the Immune system during COVID-19?

Deficiency of zinc and selenium can weaken the immune system and can increase rate of infection. In some setting, zinc supplementation can decrease risk of death with severe pneumonia. Limited emerging evidence suggests low zinc or selenium status could be linked to more severe COVID-19.

Q9. Is it probiotic help in preventing COVID19?

No. Probiotics are live microorganisms that are generally added to foods or used as a supplement to the diet to confer a health benefit. However, there is currently no evidence to support the use of probiotics to help prevent or cure COVID-19.

Q10. Is intake of fruits and vegetables beneficial during Covid-19?

A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is regarded as healthy and beneficial in a number of conditions. Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and flavonoids, can help manage symptoms and to reduce the risk of severity from COVID-19 infection. Fruit and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, which have a lot of beneficial effects. Therefore, it is beneficial to have fresh fruits and vegetables to fight COVID-19 infection.

5 Frequently asked questions about Nutrition and COVID-19

Q1. How can good nutrition boost immunity to fight COVID-19?

Number of vitamins (A, B6, B12, folate, C, D and E) and trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, iron) are vital for supporting immune function. Other essential nutrients including other vitamins and trace elements, amino acids and fatty acids are also important in this regard. Thus, nutrient deficiency impairs immune function and increases susceptibility to infections and that these two outcomes can both be prevented or reversed by treating the deficiency(ies). This may be through diet or in some cases may require supplementation or some other form of therapeutic administration, depending on the nutrient, the extent of the deficiency and the setting.

The best diet to support the immune system is one with a diverse and varied intake of vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, seeds, grains and pulses along with some meats, eggs, dairy products and oily fish. Such a diet would preclude too much processed and 'junk' food and excessive amounts of saturated fat and sugar. In addition to considering the 'direct' effects of nutrition on the immune system, many plant foods, fibre and fermented foods play a role in creating and maintaining a healthy gut microbiota that will also help to support the immune system.

Q2. Is Obesity related to increased risk for COVID-19?

Obesity causes stress and disruption of several tissues, with inflammation mainly in the tissues, gut and respiratory tract. The stress and inflammation determine the altered activation of leucocyte cells. These changes impair the immune response, increasing the risk for the evolution of infections to severe disease, and might be the leading causes for increased death rate in patients with obesity and COVID-19.

In addition to disruption of the immune system, obesity can result in metabolic dysfunction leading to dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and CVD, all of which increase patients' vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. Thus, obesity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Q3. Is Vitamin A rich diet important to fight Covid-19?

There are a number of reviews of the role of vitamin A in enhancing the immunity and in improving an individual's susceptibility to infection.

Vitamin A is important for normal differentiation of epithelial tissue and for immune cell maturation and function. Thus, vitamin A deficiency is associated with impaired barrier function, altered immune responses and increased susceptibility to a range of infections.

Lack of vitamin A leads to respiratory infections, diarrhoea and severe measles. Studies show children with no deficiency of vitamin A reduced all-cause mortality, reduced incidence, morbidity and mortality from measles and from infant diarrhoea, and improved symptoms in acute pneumonia which is a symptom seen in patients with Covid-19.

Q4. How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted food security status?

Prior to the pandemic, 21% of households were identified as food insecure. Six months into the pandemic, the prevalence of any food insecurity increased from 21% to 80%, of which mildly, moderately and severely food insecure households increased. Overall, 62% households changed from being food secure to food insecure during the pandemic. Household food insecurity (HFI) experiences sharply increased for each domain. For example, the prevalence of anxiety and uncertainty about the household food supply, insufficient quality of food and insufficient quantity of food consumed during the pandemic were 45%, 78% and 42%, respectively, which was much higher than before the pandemic.

Q5. How to maintain healthy diets and lifestyle during COVID -19 pandemic?

Good nutrition is very important before, during and after an infection. Infections take a toll on the body especially when these cause fever, the body needs extra energy and nutrients.

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a lot of changes in the daily lives of people around the world. However, there are things that can be done to maintain a healthy lifestyle in these difficult times. Eat a variety of foods within each food group and across all the food groups

• Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.
• Consume a diet rich in whole grains, nuts, and healthy fats such as in olive, sesame, peanut or other oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids
• Continue to practice good food hygiene.
• Drink water regularly.
• Limit consumption of alcohol.

And don't forget, in addition to a healthy diet, other lifestyle factors are critical part of maintaining wellbeing and a healthy immune system. A healthy lifestyle includes additional strategies such as:

• not smoking;
• exercising regularly;
• getting adequate sleep; and,
• minimizing and coping with stress.